2012 South Korean presidential election

none December 2020 South Korea presidential 2007 South Korean presidential election 2007 2017 South Korean presidential election 2017 75.84% (12.81pp) 19 December 2012 Park Geun-hye presidential portrait.png Park Geun-hye Saenuri Party 15,773,128 51.56% President Moon Jae In.jpg Moon Jae-in Democratic United Party 14,692,632 48.02% 300px Results by municipal-level division 300px Results by provincial-level division President Lee Myung-bak Saenuri Party Park Geun-hye Saenuri Party Presidential elections were held in South Korea on 19 December 2012. They were the sixth presidential elections since democratisation and the establishment of the Sixth Republic, and were held under a first-past-the-post system, in which there was a single round of voting and the candidate receiving the highest number of votes was elected. Under the South Korean constitution, a president is restricted to a single five-year term in office. The term of the then incumbent president Lee Myung-bak ended on 24 February 2013. According to The Korea Times, 30.7 million people voted, with turnout at 75.8%. Park Geun-hye of the Saenuri party was elected the first female South Korean president with 51.6% of the vote opposed to 48.0% for her opponent Moon Jae-in.https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/12/608_127229.html Presidential Turnout at 75.8% Yonhap The Korea Times 19 December 2012 19 December 2012 Park's share of the vote was the highest won by any candidate since the beginning of free and fair direct elections in 1987 and the first such election in which any candidate won a majority.https://www.cnbc.com/id/100326784 ISR Foundation: Park Geun-hye Becomes South Korea's First Female President with 50.8% of Majority Popular Vote, the Largest Share Since 1971 CNBC 19 December 2012 20 December 2012November 2024 medicmedic Moreover, as of the 2025 election, this is the latest South Korean presidential election in which the winning candidate won an absolute majority of the vote. In 2017, following Park's impeachment and removal from office, Moon would go on to succeed her as president following a successful bid for the presidency in the 2017 presidential election. Background thumb|200px|The incumbent in 2012, Lee Myung-bak. His term expired on 25 February 2013. Lee Myung-bak was elected President of South Korea in 2007 as the nominee of the conservative Grand National Party after a closely contested primary in which he narrowly defeated Park Geun-hye, and assumed office in February 2008.http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Korea/ND03Dg01.html https://web.archive.org/web/20120402093117/http://atimes.com/atimes/Korea/ND03Dg01.html unfit 2 April 2012 The South: Busy at the polls Foster-Carter Aiden Asia Times 3 April 2012 30 April 2012 His victory brought to a close ten years of liberal administration under Kim Dae-jung and Roh Moo-hyun. The Lee Myung-bak government pursued the reduction of government bureaucracy and a laissez-faire economic policy,Mad cow militancy: Neoliberal hegemony and social resistance in South Korea Political Geography 30 2010 Lee Seung-Ook Kim Sook-Jin Wainwright Joel 1–11 and came under criticism from the left for political scandals and controversial policies such as the Jeju-do Naval Base and its support of the South Korea-United States Free Trade Agreement, although both were initiated under the previous administration.https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/02/116_104605.html Koreans negative on opposition's KORUS FTA move The Korea Times 10 February 2012 30 April 2012http://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=sec&sid1=001&oid=040&aid=0000042054 Jeju Agrees to Build Naval Base 14 May 2007 2 May 2012 Jung Sung-ki The Korea Times Despite the fact that he was elected in a landslide victory and received initial approval ratings of 70%,https://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-05/south-korea-ruling-party-risks-parliament-election-loss.html South Korea Ruling Party Risks Parliament Election Loss Bloomberg 6 April 2012 30 April 2012 Lee's ratings had declined to below 30% by 2012.http://asaninst.org/upload_eng/board_files/file1_623.pdf Asan Institute for Policy Studies January 2012 30 April 2012 The Asan Monthly Opinion Survey January 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120910192200/http://asaninst.org/upload_eng/board_files/file1_623.pdf 10 September 2012 At the end of 2011, Park Geun-hye assumed control of the Grand National Party, which was subsequently renamed the Saenuri or New Frontier Party in February 2012.http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2947885 Rebranding GNP picks Saenuri as new name Korea JoongAng Daily 3 February 2012 30 April 2012 usurped https://archive.today/20120709113533/http://koreajoongangdaily.joinsmsn.com/news/article/Article.aspx?aid=2947885 9 July 2012 She distanced herself from Lee and led the party towards the center.http://blogs.aljazeera.net/asia/2012/04/12/tale-two-koreas Fawcett Harry 12 April 2012 30 April 2012 A tale of two Koreas Al Jazeerahttps://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/05/02/as-prez-candidates-emerge-whats-election-really-about/ Ramstad Evan As Prez Candidates Emerge, What's Election Really About? The Wall Street Journal Asia 2 May 2012 12 May 2012 [Park] re-crafted [the party] by creating a new name, image and more centrist platform... In legislative elections in April 2012, Park guided the party to an upset victory, returning its majority in the National Assembly.Ramstad Evan https://blogs.wsj.com/korearealtime/2012/04/12/odds-ends-a-day-after-the-election/ Odds & Ends A Day After The Election The Wall Street Journal Asia 12 April 2012 30 April 2012 This contributed to an increase in her poll ratings and consolidated her position as frontrunner for the Saenuri nomination.http://www.realmeter.net/issue/view.asp?Table_Name=s_news1&N_Num=393&file_name=20120416095446.htm&Cpage=1 ko:대선 양자구도, 박근혜 처음으로 안철수 앞서 Realmeter Presidential election two-way race: Park Geun-hye first followed by Ahn Cheol-soo ko 16 April 2012 30 April 2012 Opposition to Saenuri was divided primarily between the Democratic United Party and independent supporters of Ahn Cheol-soo, who emerged as a leading potential candidate despite his ostensible silence on the race.http://english.donga.com/srv/service.php3?biid=2012042322918 Let the presidential election games begin 23 April 2012 The Dong-A Ilbo 23 April 2012 In the DUP, focus initially lay on Sohn Hak-kyu as a potential nominee, but by late 2011 Moon Jae-in, a confidant of former president Roh, had overtaken Sohn in polls.http://asiancorrespondent.com/61970/skorea-moon-jae-in-overtakes-sohn-hak-kyu-in-presidential-poll/ Jackson Andy Asian Correspondent SKorea: Moon Jae-in overtakes Sohn Hak-kyu in presidential poll 8 August 2011 30 April 2012 13 November 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121113023150/http://asiancorrespondent.com/61970/skorea-moon-jae-in-overtakes-sohn-hak-kyu-in-presidential-poll/ dead Although the DUP invited Ahn to join the party,http://www.koreaherald.com/opinion/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20120429000234 [Editorial] Where is Ahn headed? 29 April 2012 30 April 2012 The Korea Herald 29 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120429215345/http://www.koreaherald.com/opinion/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20120429000234 dead only 2.3% of respondents to a poll on 21 April thought that Ahn was best suited to be DUP nominee.http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/529532.html Most would choose Park or Ahn for president 23 April 2012 30 April 2012 The Hankyoreh The DUP itself has been troubled by the split between pro-Roh members such as Moon Jae-in and the "Honam wing" of former president Kim Dae-jung, represented by Chung Dong-young.http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/530352.html DUP disputing new framework for election 28 April 2012 10 May 2012 The Hankyoreh Registered candidates Ballot numbers for party candidates were given according to the candidate's party seat distribution in the National Assembly. Ballot numbers for independent candidates were determined through a random lottery by the National Election Commission. 123 (Resigned)4567Park Geun-hyeMoon Jae-inLee Jung-heePark Jong-sunKim So-yeonKang Ji-wonKim Soon-jaLiberty Korea Party darkgray SaenuriDemocratic United Party darkgray Democratic UnitedUnified Progressive Party darkgray Unified Progressive#D3D3D3 darkgray Independent#D3D3D3 darkgray Independent#D3D3D3 darkgray Independent#D3D3D3 darkgray Independent Nominations Democratic United Party Nominee 2 100px|center|link=Democratic United Party|Democratic United PartyDemocratic Party candidate black Moon Jae-in center|200x200px Member of the National Assembly(2012– ) Campaign The 2012 Democratic United Party presidential primary saw an open primary system implemented for the first time. This new open primary introduced "mobile voting"; it was hailed as a "revolution in voting" because people could participate in voting more conveniently. However, controversies persisted during the primary elections, as questions of the legitimacy and trustworthiness of the voting results were raised.ko:끝없는 논란 휩싸인 민주당 모바일투표 (Endless controversies surrounding DUP's mobile vote 5 September 2012 http://www.yonhapnews.co.kr/politics/2012/09/05/0502000000AKR20120905191400001.HTML Yonhap News Agency 14 October 2012 The official result was announced on 16 September 2012, at 15:32 KST, naming Moon Jae-in the presidential candidate from the Democratic United Party.Moon Jae-in Elected DUP's Presidential Candidate http://english.kbs.co.kr/News/News/News_view.html?page=1&No=93232&id=Po https://archive.today/20130112164252/http://english.kbs.co.kr/News/News/News_view.html?page=1&No=93232&id=Po dead 12 January 2013 KBS Global 17 September 2012 After winning the nomination, Moon stated that he would like to join forces with Ahn Cheol-soo.DUP's Moon Confident about Merging with Ahn http://english.kbs.co.kr/News/News/News_view.html?page=1&No=93234&id=Po https://archive.today/20130111204336/http://english.kbs.co.kr/News/News/News_view.html?page=1&No=93234&id=Po dead 11 January 2013 KBS Global 17 September 2012 Candidates Moon Jae-in, Member of National Assembly from Busan Sansang, former Chief of Staff to the President, former Senior Secretary to the President for Civil Affairs, former Senior Secretary to the President for Civil Society Sohn Hak-kyu, former Governor of Gyeonggi, former Minister of Health and Welfare, former Member of National Assembly from Gyeonggi Gwangmyeong·Gwangmyeong B·Seongnam Bundang B Kim Doo-kwan, former Governor of South Gyeongsang, former Mayor of Namhae, former Minister of the Interior Chung Sye-kyun, Member of National Assembly from Seoul Jongno, former Minister of Commerce, Industry and Energy Park Joon-young, Governor of South Jeolla, former Senior Presidential Secretary for Public Relations·Presidential Spokesperson Cho Kyoung-tae, Member of National Assembly from Busan Saha B Kim Jung-kil, former Minister of the Interior, former Senior Secretary to the President for Political Affairs, former Member National Assembly Busan Yeongdo Kim Young-hwan, Member of National Assembly from Gyeonggi Ansan Sangnok B, former Minister of Science and Technology Jo, Kim J and Kim Y were disqualified by the party through a cutoff poll, where only top five candidates were allowed to pass to primaries.http://www.viewsnnews.com/article?q=89272 ko:민주당 컷오프, 김영환-김정길-조경태 탈락 2018-04-23 ko Park withdrew before the primaries began. Results P= Pre-registered electors who voted at Polling booths; M: Pre-registered electors who voted through Mobile devices; D= Party Delegates who voted at the polling booths Moon Jae-in won the nomination on the first ballot, so no run-off contest was needed.http://politicstory.tistory.com/706 ko:민주통합당, 대선후보경선 결과(누적) 2012-08-21 Politic's 2018-04-22See reliable sources list on WP:KO/RS March 2025 + Absolute majority needed to winDatesRacesMoonSohnKimChungTotalVotes%Votes%Votes%Votes%Votes%25 Aug.JejuP30149.515525.513422.0183.0608100M11,70160.53,69320.52,73914.29424.919,35100D2114.15234.97147.753.414910026 Aug.UlsanP17658.54214.05016.63311.0301100M4,71951.91,05811.62,97432.73473.89,098100D5651.41715.62926.676.410910028 Aug.GangwonP19250.012131.55213.5194.9384100M2,59846.92,07537.457410.42985.45,545100D4718.213251.25220.22710.525810030 Aug.N. ChungcheongP20939.523243.98015.181.5529100M7,79646.46,75540.21,78010.64552.716,786100D12739.412137.67122.030.93221001 Sep.N. JeollaP78217.11,25927.568414.91,85540.54,580100M15,48940.38,75722.84,70712.39,44324.638,396100D7913.717730.76310.925844.75771002 Sep.IncheonP19142.915334.47316.4286.3445100M5,60751.22,84125.91,82316.66876.310,958100D13030.214934.68018.67216.74311004 Sep.S. GyeongsangP35425.11369.690864.3141.01,412100M11,21646.52,2569.410,26542.63741.624,111100D11329.45213.520854.0123.13851006 Sep.Gwangju S. JeollaP1,38527.62,18243.41,25725.02004.05,024100M32,34550.520,05331.39,54614.92,1053.364,049100D17919.937541.721523.913014.58991008 Sep.BusanP71464.1908.129026.0201.81,114100M17,16266.42,57710.05,54221.45622.225,843100D25962.65914.37518.1215.14141009 Sep.Daejeon Sejong S. ChungcheongP46857.121526.39511.6415.0819100M14,37363.34,02617.72,48110.91,8388.122,718100D26348.113925.46411.78114.854710012 Sep.Daegu N. GyeongsangP36557.49014.216926.6121.9636100M9,74557.53,02817.93,31819.68465.016,937100D16534.79620.213428.28016.847510015 Sep.GyeonggiP1,21955.767730.91878.51074.92,190100M47,84463.517,27022.96,6618.83,5274.775,302100D52237.053037.51309.223016.31,41210016 Sep.SeoulP1,43456.368827.02299.01957.72,546100M156,12260.853,19720.729,84511.617,7566.9256,920100D71542.54124.418711.137122.01,683100Total347,18356.5136,20522.287,84214.3430277.0614,257100 Saenuri Party Nominee 1100px|center|link=Liberty Korea Party|Saenuri PartySaenuri Party candidate white Park Geun-hye center|200x200px Leader of theGrand National Party(2004–2006) Campaign The first member of the Saenuri Party to officially announce their candidacy was Kim Moon-soo on 22 April. Kim, a former labor activist, stated in his announcement that he would focus on combating regional and socioeconomic divides, emphasized his commitment to a policy of multiculturalism, and argued for a revision in Saenuri's primary system. He stated further that Park Geun-hye's leadership of the party represented only an "ambiguously prevailing trend", and could not be relied upon to reach victory in the elections. Although Kim said that he was "convinced" he could "attract more support than [Park]", he was not widely expected to garner a high level of support. His early announcement was regarded as an attempt to preemptively form an anti-Park faction in the party.Former activist targets non-Park conservatives, The Korea Herald. 24 April 2012. Retrieved 24 April 2012. Chung Mong-joon, a billionaire and longstanding member of the National Assembly, followed on 29 April. In his announcement, Chung emphasized the need to confront regionalism and factional politics, and stated that he would "write a new history of the Republic of Korea by facilitating [his] experience of managing a business, engaging in diplomacy and creating unity in the nation". He stressed that his task was to "bring together the divided hearts of the people" and that he was concerned that the "country could collapse in its current situation".https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/04/116_109890.html Veteran lawmaker Chung announces bid for president 29 April 2012 The Korea Times 29 April 2012 Like Kim Moon-soo, Chung is expected to be at a disadvantage to Park. Chung previously declared his candidacy in the 2002 presidential elections but later dropped out to endorse Roh Moo-hyun.https://www.nytimes.com/2002/11/25/world/a-top-south-korean-candidate-drops-out.html?ref=chungmongjoon&gwh=8EBCD96D2A50C2E1CAFF393C26DD717A A top South Korean candidate drops out 25 November 2002 The New York Times 27 April 2012 The former mayor of Incheon, Ahn Sang-soo, declared his candidacy on 6 May, emphasizing his economic credentials and stating that he would relieve the burden of debt.http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20120506000397 Ex-Incheon mayor joins Saenuri presidential race 6 May 2012 The Korea Herald 6 May 2012August 2026 InternetArchiveBot Former presidential Chief of Staff Yim Tae-hee followed on 8 May, issuing a call for Park Geun-hye to act as a "kingmaker" that was interpreted as a request for her to step aside.http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/xinhua/2012-05-08/content_5857238.html Former key aide to S. Korean president announces presidential bid 8 May 2012 China Daily 8 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304102039/http://www.chinadaily.com.cn/xinhua/2012-05-08/content_5857238.html 4 March 2016 dead Yim, a moderate, proposed to join hands with independent Ahn Cheol-soo and DUP frontrunner Moon Jae-in in a bid to "demolish outdated politics".http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20120508001143 Former chief of staff declares presidential bid 8 May 2012 The Korea Herald 8 May 2012 On 10 May, five-term lawmaker and former Minister for Government Legislation and Special Affairs Lee Jae-oh announced his bid, promising to reform the constitution and cut his term as president to three years.http://news.naver.com/main/hotissue/read.nhn?mid=hot&sid1=100&cid=307268&iid=484298&oid=047&aid=0002000141&ptype=011 Lee Kyeong-tae (이경태) 10 May 2012 10 May 2012 OhmyNews ko ko:이재오 "당선되면 6개월 내 개헌, 내 임기는 3년으로" Lee Jae-oh, "If elected, I'll change the constitution in six months and will serve only three years" The campaign for the Saenuri primaries has been characterized by a dispute between Park Geun-hye, as frontrunner and party leader, and her opponents in the party. She was cited in 2009 as the most influential politician in South Korea,2009 survey by Herald Business and has outranked other candidates in many polls throughout 2012,Poll: Park Geun-hye still leading race to presidency. The Hankyoreh, 2 April 2012. Retrieved 3 April 2012. though as of early May 2012 she is yet to officially declare her candidacy. Park's opponents have called for Saenuri to adopt an open primary system rather than the present system based on an electoral college and opinion poll results.http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20120430001094 Saenuri underdogs line up against Park 30 April 2012 The Korea Herald 30 April 2012 At the end of April the Democratic United Party suggested a joint discussion on the issue of fully open primaries.http://www.koreaherald.com/national/Detail.jsp?newsMLId=20120429000383 DUP offers talks with Saenuri over primary 29 April 2012 The Korea Herald 4 May 2012 Park has been criticized for her taciturn and authoritarian style in leading the party, and Kim Moon-soo described her as overly "secretive". Chung Mong-joon stated that under Park's leadership, "democracy in the party [had] gone missing".https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/04/116_109773.html Governor Kim calls Park 'secretive' 26 April 2012 The Korea Times 30 April 2012 Park strengthened her position when her ally Lee Hahn-koo was elected Saenuri's floor leader on 9 May.https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2012/05/116_110676.html Park's economic advisor elected as floor leader 9 May 2012 The Korea Times 10 May 2012 During a primary debate on 7 August 2012, primary candidate Kim Tae-ho asked if Park Geun-hye would agree that the May 16 coup by her father (Park Chung Hee) was both a coup and a "necessary decision", regarding Park's previous stance that the overthrow was a "revolution to save the country". Park confirmed her stance by answering, "I don't think it's the place of politicians to be fighting over whether [the 16 May incident] were a 'coup d'etat' or a 'revolution'". She furthermore commented that "no one can refute that the events themselves did happen, whether you call them a 'coup' or a 'revolution.'" and that "we need to leave that issue" for history to decide.http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/546402.html Was it a 'coup' or a 'revolution'? 9 August 2012 The Hankyoreh 9 August 2012 In addition, during another debate on 8 August 2012, the moderator asked Park the minimum hourly rate for a part-time worker as of 2012. Park replied "I think it's over 5,000 won, isn't it?," when the legal minimum wage was 4,580 won. In response, The South Korean Confederation of Trade Unions responded with a statement in which it said, "It is terribly discouraging when a person who wants to become president does not even know the country's minimum wage, which is a minimal right for survival and the first step toward a welfare state".http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/546401.html Park Geun-hye doesn't know South Korea's minimum wage 9 August 2012 The Hankyoreh 9 August 2012 Candidates Park Geun-hye, Member of National Assembly as Proportional Representative Kim Moon-soo, Governor of Gyeonggi, former National Assembly Gyeonggi Bucheon Sosa Kim Tae-ho, Member of National Assembly from South Gyeongsang Gimhae B, former Governor of South Gyeongsang, former Mayor of Geochang Yim Tae-hee, former Member of National Assembly from Gyeonggi Seongnam Bundang B, former Chief of Staff to the President, former Minister of Labor Ahn Sang-soo, former Mayor of Incheon, former Member National Assembly Incheon Gyeyang–Ganghwa A Chung Mong-joon, Member of National Assembly from Seoul Dongjak B Lee Jae-oh, Member of National Assembly from Seoul Eunpyeong B, former Chairperson of the Anti-Corruption and Civil Rights Commission, former Minister for Special Affairs Chung and Lee, in protest of the controversial primary rule negotiations, withdrew their bids for nomination before the convention. Results The official result was announced at Saenuri National Convention, which took place on 20 August 2012 at 05:40 KST, nominating Park Geun-hye as the presidential candidate for the Saenuri Party.http://english.kbs.co.kr/News/News/News_view.html?No=92615&id=Po https://archive.today/20130111205405/http://english.kbs.co.kr/News/News/News_view.html?No=92615&id=Po dead 11 January 2013 Park Geun-hye Elected Saenuri Party's Presidential Candidate KBS Global 20 August 2012 Candidate Place Votes Percentage Park Geun-hye Nominated 86,589 83.97% Kim Moon-soo 2nd 8,955 8.68% Kim Tae-ho 3rd 3,298 3.20% Yim Tae-hee 4th 2,676 2.69% Ahn Sang-soo 5th 1,600 1.55% 103,118 100.0% Third parties and independent candidates Registered Park Jong-sun (Independent)A former entrepreneur Withdrawn Lee Gun-gae김 경진 ko:군소후보 대선 출마 선언 잇따라 http://news.kbs.co.kr/politics/2012/09/25/2541633.html 25 September 2012 Korea Broadcasting System 25 September 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20151203053332/http://news.kbs.co.kr/politics/2012/09/25/2541633.html 3 December 2015 deadA former National Assembly Member Opinion polling Opinion polling for the South Korean presidential election, 2012 Poll source Date Sample size 60x70px 60x70px Margin Park (%)Saenuri Moon (%)DUP JoongAng Ilbohttp://article.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=8833220%7carticle%7cdefault https://archive.today/20130823081855/http://article.joinsmsn.com/news/article/article.asp?total_id=8833220%7Carticle%7Cdefault usurped 23 August 2013 ko:안철수 책 나온뒤 박근혜와 지지율 변화가... ko JoongAng Ilbo Change in Ahn Cheol-soo's Approval Rating against Park Geun-hye After Ahn's New Book... 23 July 2012 3 August 2012 19–21 July 2012 2,000 56.6 35.0 21.6 OhMyNews/Research Viewhttp://www.ohmynews.com/NWS_Web/View/at_pg.aspx?CNTN_CD=A0001758380 ko:대선 지지도, 박근혜-안철수-문재인-김두관 순 박근혜, 양자대결에서 처음으로 안철수 앞서 ko Top Finishers of a Presidential Race Poll are Park Geun-hye, Ahn Cheol-soo, and Moon Jae-in. Park Surpasses Ahn for the First Time in a Two-Way Race 19 July 2012 3 August 2012 OhmyNewsSee reliable sources list on WP:KO/RS March 2025 16–17 July 2012 1,000 50.8 41.0 9.8 Realmeterhttp://realmeter.net/issue/view.asp?Table_Name=s_news1&N_Num=407&file_name=20120604105438.htm&Cpage=1 ko:대선 다자구도 박근혜 8주 연속 40%대 고공행진 ko Park Geun-hye's approval rating in multi-candidate race shoots above 40% for eight consecutive weeks 4 June 2012 4 June 2012 Realmeter 29 May – 1 June 2012 3,000 52.5 38.6 13.9 Hankyoreh /Korea Society Opinion Institutehttp://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/535056.html Park still leading presidential polls 29 May 2012 29 May 2012 The Hankyoreh 26–27 May 2012 61.0 33.5 27.5 Realmeterhttp://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=shm&sid1=100&oid=032&aid=0002221995 ko:대선후보 양자대결 박근혜 48.5%•안철수 44.7% ko Realmeter Two candidate poll: Park Geun-hye 48.5%, Ahn Cheol-soo 44.7% 29 May 2012 29 May 2012 21–25 May 2012 3,750 52.6 37.9 14.7 JoongAng Ilbohttp://joongang.joinsmsn.com/article/aid/2012/05/17/7833593.html?cloc=olink%7carticle%7cdefault https://web.archive.org/web/20220401201829/http://joongang.joinsmsn.com/article/aid/2012/05/17/7833593.html?cloc=olink%7carticle%7cdefault usurped 1 April 2022 ko:통합진보당 쇼크...박근혜 대선 지지율 수치가! ko Realmeter Unified Progressive Party's shock ... Park Geun-hye's approval rating! 17 May 2012 19 May 2012 15 May 2012 910 57.6 33.3 24.3 Realmeterhttp://realmeter.net/issue/view.asp?Table_Name=s_news1&N_Num=402&file_name=20120521101447.htm&Cpage=1 ko:통합진보당 '도로 민노당' 지지율로 하락 ko Realmeter Unified Progressive Party approval rating drops, 'Democratic Labour Party again' 21 May 2012 21 May 2012 14–18 May 2012 3,750 52.0 37.5 14.5 Realmeterhttp://www.realmeter.net/issue/view.asp?Table_Name=s_news1&N_Num=401&file_name=20120514103903.htm&Cpage=1 ko:통합진보당 총선 이후 3주 연속 내리막 ko Unified Progressive Party falls for 3 consecutive weeks after election 14 May 2012 18 May 2012 Realmeter 7–11 May 2012 3,750 51.9 38.2 13.7 Realmeterhttp://news.naver.com/main/read.nhn?mode=LSD&mid=shm&sid1=100&oid=081&aid=0002276486 ko:박근혜 51.3%•안철수 40.7%...朴, 양자대결서 첫 50% 돌파 ko Park 51.3%• Ahn 40.7%. Park's approval rate soared over 50% in two candidate poll 11 May 2012 11 May 2012 Seoul Sinmun Hwang Bi-woong (황비웅) 7–8 May 2012 1,500 55.7 36.3 19.4 Realmeterhttp://www.realmeter.net/issue/view.asp?Table_Name=s_news1&N_Num=400&file_name=20120507110600.htm&Cpage=1 ko:경선불참 소식으로 안철수 원장 지지율 하락 ko Director Ahn Cheol-soo's ratings fall on news of election absence 7 May 2012 7 May 2012 Realmeter 30 April – 4 May 2012 3,000 52.4 38.0 14.4 Realmeterhttp://realmeter.net/issue/view.asp?Table_Name=s_news1&N_Num=396&file_name=20120430112623.htm&Cpage=1 ko:이명박 대통령 지지율 4주 연속 하락 ko President Lee Myung-bak's approval ratings decline continuously for four weeks Realmeter 30 April 2012 30 April 2012 23–27 April 2012 3,750 50.9 40.3 10.6 Realmeterhttp://realmeter.net/issue/view.asp?Table_Name=s_news1&N_Num=394&file_name=20120423102210.htm&Cpage=1 ko:박근혜, 오차범위내서 문재인 다시 앞서 ko Park Geun-hye again ahead of Moon Jae-in, within margin of error Realmeter 8 May 2012 13 February 2012 6–10 February 2012 3,750 44.3 43.0 1.3 Realmeterhttp://english.hani.co.kr/arti/english_edition/e_national/517841.html Polls ahead of presidential election show a tight race The Hankyoreh 7 February 2012 27 April 2012 30 January – 3 February 2012 3,750 44.4 44.9 0.5 The Dong-A Ilbo 24 January 2012 46.7 38.4 8.3 Exit poll KBS, MBC, and SBS Terrestrial Broadcasting Exit Survey CandidateEstimated percentagePark Geun-hye50.1%Moon Jae-in48.9% Results 300px|thumb|Provinces and cities won by■ – Park Geun-hye■ – Moon Jae-in 300px|thumb|Districts won by■ – Park Geun-hye■ – Moon Jae-in 300px|thumb|Districts won by■ – Park Geun-hye■ – Moon Jae-in 300px|thumb|Districts won by■ – Park Geun-hye■ – Moon Jae-in Park Geun-hye Saenuri Party 15773128 Moon Jae-in Democratic United Party 14692632 #FAC71A Kang Ji-won Independent 53303 Kim Soon-ja Independent 46017 Kim So-yeon Independent 16687 Park Jong-sun Independent 12854 126838 40507842 National Election Commission By province and city Province/City Park Geun-hye Moon Jae-in Kang Ji-won Kim Soon-ja Kim So-yeon Park Jong-sun Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Seoul3,024,57248.193,227,63951.4211,8290.195,3070.083,7930.063,5590.06Busan1,324,15959.82882,51139.872,8780.132,3890.119130.045550.03Daegu1,267,78980.15309,03419.542,0430.131,9840.136240.043660.02Incheon852,60051.58794,21348.052,7300.171,9100.121,0050.065080.03Gwangju69,5747.77823,73791.981,1130.125610.063330.042680.03Daejeon450,57649.96448,31049.711,2910.149690.114610.052710.03Ulsan413,97759.79275,45139.788980.131,4630.214340.062100.03Sejong33,58751.9130,78747.59990.151550.24380.06310.05Gyeonggi3,528,91550.443,442,08449.2012,5770.187,4760.113,6740.051,9970.03Gangwon562,87661.97340,87037.531,5140.172,1140.235240.063560.04North Chungcheong518,44256.23398,90743.261,5110.162,2410.245420.064100.04South Chungcheong658,92856.66497,63042.791,9760.173,1980.276880.065160.04North Jeolla150,31513.23980,32286.253,0660.271,6900.157020.064800.04South Jeolla116,29610.001,038,34789.284,3380.372,4870.217590.077320.06North Gyeongsang1,375,16480.82316,65918.612,1190.125,8860.358730.058100.05South Gyeongsang1,259,17463.12724,89636.342,6540.135,3260.271,0840.051,6370.08Jeju166,18450.46161,23548.966670.208610.262400.071480.04 Total15,773,12851.56 14,692,632 48.02 53,303 0.17 46,017 0.15 16,687 0.05 12,854 0.04 Source: National Election Commission NIS interference Public opinion manipulation controversy 2012 NIS public opinion manipulation scandal On 11 December 2012, the Democratic United Party claimed that agents of the Psychological Operations group in the South Korean National Intelligence Service (NIS) were influencing public opinion under orders by the NIS, by posting comments on the Internet. They followed these claims by identifying one such agent. In a police raid, that agent did not emerge from the rented office and claimed that she was not involved in such actions. Right after the last TV debate between candidates Park Geun-Hye and Moon Jae-in, police announced that no evidence was found. After Park Geun-Hye was sworn into office, evidence emerged that the agent in question and many others were involved in activities manipulating public opinion in the presidential election. On 27 May 2013 the Seoul Metropolitan Police Agency and Seoul Suseo Police Station was found to have delayed delivering evidence, and turned in fabricated laptop hard drive analysis reports.정희완·이효상,서울경찰청, 국정원 댓글사건 분석 자료 일부만 넘겼다. 사이버분석팀장 삭제한 파일, 나머지 자료 가능성, 경향신문, 2013년 5월 28일김정필·정환봉,서울경찰청, '국정원 댓글' 증거보고서 허위로 꾸몄다, 경향신문, 2013년 5월 28일 The police already had evidence that the agent in question posted political comments, the analysis report was not submitted to the Suseo Police Station and was destroyed.이윤상,김용판, 100여페이지 분석자료 폐기...수사방해 분석결과 나오기도 전 보도자료 작성, 뉴스1, 2013년 6월 14일https://www.nytimes.com/2013/04/19/world/asia/south-korean-intelligence-officers-are-accused-of-political-meddling.html South Korean Intelligence Officers Are Accused of Political Meddling Choe Sang-Hun 18 April 2013 The New York Times In 2013, prosecutor Yoon Seok-youl led a special investigation team that looked into the National Intelligence Service (NIS)'s involvement in the scandal. Yoon sought the prosecution of the former head of the NIS, Won Sei-hoon for violating the Public Official Election Act for his role in the case. Yoon accused Park Geun-hye's Justice Minister Hwang Kyo-ahn of influencing his investigation.2019-06-18 South Korea's maverick prosecutor takes aim at heart of Samsung en-GB Nikkei Asia https://asia.nikkei.com/Business/Companies/South-Korea-s-maverick-prosecutor-takes-aim-at-heart-of-Samsung 2020-05-08 In February 2015, Won was convicted on charges of instructing NIS officials to manipulate internet comments and sentenced to three years in prison.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-31284704 South Korea spy chief sentenced to three years in prison 9 February 2015 BBC News However the conviction was overturned on appeal, leading to a retrial. In a second trial, Won was sentenced to four years in prison in 2017. The Supreme Court upheld the sentence in April 2018.http://english.hani.co.kr/arti/PRINT/841449.html [Photo] Supreme Court upholds four-year prison sentence for former NIS director Won Sei-hoon 20 April 2018 The Hankyoreh When Moon Jae-in won the 2017 election, his administration pursued nine additional charges of political interference against Won, resulting in a subsequent 7 year jail sentence in 2020.https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20200207011000315 Former spy chief draws 7-year prison sentence for interference in politics 7 February 2020 Yonhap News Agency In August 2017, the NIS formally acknowledged that it was involved in the election manipulation after an internal inquiry.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-40824793 South Korea's spy agency admits trying to influence 2012 poll 4 August 2017 BBC News In December 2020, the National Assembly passed reforms curbing powers of the NIS, explicitly banning the agency and its employees from interfering in domestic politics.https://koreajoongangdaily.joins.com/2020/12/14/national/politics/National-Intelligence-Service-Democratic-Party-filibuster/20201214182600540.html New law cuts NIS out of domestic politics for good Korea JoongAng Daily 14 December 2020 Interference with overseas voters In June 2021, according to a MBC News report, Won Sei-hoon pushed South Korean embassies abroad to delay issuing new passports to Korean nationals, who tend to lean liberal in order to limit their ability to vote for Moon Jae-in. A NIS whistleblower also claimed that he was tortured after objecting to the operation by being placed for several days in a small white room intended to cause sensory disorientation.https://imnews.imbc.com/news/2021/society/article/6217647_34873.html [PD수첩 예고] 국정원에서 벌어진 일명 '하얀 방 고문'! 그 실체는? 1 June 2021 MBC News References South Korea Presidential Category:Presidential elections in South Korea Presidential