2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak

Disease outbreak in the Americas May 2014 2013–2014 Chikungunya Outbreak 2013 12 Caribbean Anguilla Antigua and Barbuda Aruba Bahamas Barbados British Virgin Islands Cayman Islands Curaçao Dominica Dominican Republic French Guiana Grenada Guadeloupe Guyana Haiti Jamaica Martinique Montserrat Puerto Rico Saint Barthélemy Saint Kitts and Nevis Saint Lucia Saint Martin Saint Vincent and the Grenadines Sint Maarten Surinam Trinidad and Tobago Turks and Caicos Islands United States Virgin Islands North America Mexico United States (Florida) Central America Belize Costa Rica El Salvador Guatemala Honduras 1949 Nicaragua Panama South America Brazil Colombia Ecuador Paraguay Venezuela 183 Reference: PAHO (February 6, 2015)http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_topics&view=article&id=343&Itemid=40931&lang=es Número de casos informados de artritis epidémica chikungunya en las Américas - SE 5 (February 6, 2015) Pan American Health Organization February 11, 2015 The 2013–2014 chikungunya outbreak represented the first recorded outbreak of the disease outside of tropical Africa and Asia. In December 2013, the first locally transmitted case of chikungunya in the Americas was detected in Saint Martin. Shortly after the first case the disease began to spread rapidly throughout the Caribbean region. By the end of the year, it had spread to Martinique and Guadeloupe, with suspected cases in Saint Barthélemy. By the end of January 2014, cases had been confirmed in Saint Barthélemy, as well as the British Virgin Islands, Dominica, and French Guiana. On the basis of 4,000 confirmed cases and over 30,000 suspected cases, the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) declared a Caribbean-wide epidemic of the virus in early May. By the end of May, four cases of chikungunya had been confirmed in Florida. By July 2014 there were an estimated 355,000 cases in the Caribbean.http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2014/07/chikungunya-outbreak-exceeds-355000-cases Chikungunya outbreak exceeds 355,000 cases Center for Infectious Disease Research and Policy (University of Minnesota) 14 July 2014 By August 2014, 25 Caribbean countries had confirmed at least one case.http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/watch/chikungunya-caribbean Chikungunya in the Caribbean Centre for Disease Control and Prevention 8 October 2014 The epidemic was over by 2015. Background Chikungunya Chikungunya is an arbovirus common to tropical regions of Africa and Asia. It is spread to humans by Aedes mosquitoes (primarily Aedes aegypti) that breed in stagnant water. The virus was first isolated in 1953, and likely first arose during the 1700s.Cherian SS, Walimbe AM, Jadhav SM Evolutionary rates and timescale comparison of Chikungunya viruses inferred from the whole genome/E1 gene with special reference to the 2005–07 outbreak in the Indian subcontinent Infect. Genet. Evol. 9 1 16–23 January 2009 18940268 10.1016/j.meegid.2008.09.004 etal Chikungunya is characterized by a sudden high fever and intense joint pain, between four and seven days after infection. It can also cause headaches, muscle pain, fatigue, and rashes.Chikungunya spreading to other countries in the Caribbean http://www.upi.com/Health_News/2014/05/02/Chikungunya-spreading-to-other-countries-in-the-Caribbean/4561399051386/ May 2, 2014 UPI May 2, 2014 Most infected patients recover within 10 days, and deaths are rare. However, in some cases joint pain can linger for months or years. There is no vaccine or treatment for chikungunya and preventing its spread is difficult. Outbreaks are primarily dealt with through preventive measures, such as wearing long-sleeved clothing, and vector population control. First cases In early December 2013, health officials confirmed two cases of locally transmitted chikungunya on the French half of Saint Martin. It was announced to the public on December 17, by which time 10 cases had been confirmed and many more suspected cases were undergoing lab tests. Vice President Guillaume Arnell declared that his country had an "obligation" to prevent the disease from spreading. "It started here so we have to contain it here", he said.Mosquito virus spreads to Caribbean Caribbean Business AP December 17, 2014 http://www.caribbeanbusinesspr.com/news/mosquito-virus-spreads-to-caribbean-92039.html May 3, 2014 usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20131221214825/http://www.caribbeanbusinesspr.com/news/mosquito-virus-spreads-to-caribbean-92039.html December 21, 2013 mdy Swift action was taken, and a Pan American Health Organization representative said she was satisfied by the response. Even so, there were 66 confirmed cases by the end of the month, including at least one case on the Dutch half of the island, and more than 180 suspected cases. The virus had also spread to Martinique (3 cases) and Guadeloupe (1 case) by the end of the year. In Saint Barthélemy, there were 21 suspected cases.Caribbean chikungunya outbreak grows, poses threat to US CIDRAP Lisa Schnirring December 30, 2013 http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/news-perspective/2013/12/caribbean-chikungunya-outbreak-grows-poses-threat-us May 2, 2014 Previously, chikungunya had not been found in the Americas. Although it had never previously been found, it was considered an emerging threat and preparations for its spread were underway by 2012. In July 2013, a Caribbean-wide virtual meeting was held to educate high-ranking medical personnel on how to detect the virus.Chikungunya now an epidemic in the Caribbean May 1, 2014 Jamaica Observer http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Chikungunya-now-an-epidemic-in-the-Caribbean May 2, 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140503071055/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/latestnews/Chikungunya-now-an-epidemic-in-the-Caribbean May 3, 2014 dead mdy-all It is unclear how the virus first spread to the Americas' mosquito population. Spread of the chikungunya virus By January 21, 2014, cases had been St. Barthelemy and the British Virgin Islands. Dominica and French Guiana both had one reported case due to travel in the affected islands. http://www.cbc.ca/news/health/mosquito-borne-chikungunya-virus-infects-people-on-5-caribbean-islands-1.2504922 Mosquito-borne chikungunya virus infects people on 5 Caribbean islands Canadian Broadcasting Corporation January 21, 2014 May 2, 2014 At the start of April, chikungunya was confirmed in the Dominican Republic. http://www.diariolibre.com/noticias/2014/04/04/i555291_pruebas-laboratorio-confirman-virus-chikungunya-nigua.html Pruebas de laboratorio confirman virus de Chikungunya en Nigua Diario Libr May 3, 2014 April 4, 2014 Spanish On 24 April, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines announced the island had three confirmed cases of chikungunya and an outbreak was officially declared. Two days later, Antigua and Barbuda announced its first confirmed case, on the island of Antigua. Four other cases were suspected. http://www.caribbean360.com/news/antigua-latest-caribbean-island-to-be-hit-by-chikungunya-disease Antigua latest Caribbean island to be hit by chikungunya disease Caribbean 360 April 26, 2014 May 3, 2014 October 24, 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171024152536/http://www.caribbean360.com/news/antigua-latest-caribbean-island-to-be-hit-by-chikungunya-disease dead At the end of April, there were more than 4,100 probable cases of chikungunya across fourteen different Caribbean countries. In addition to thirteen island nations, the virus had been confirmed in French Guiana. Martinique, Guadeloupe, and St. Martin had the most reported cases.Recently Arrived Chikungunya Virus Gains Foothold In Caribbean May 2, 2014 AP Huffington Post http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2014/05/02/chikungunya-virus-caribbean_n_5256278.html May 2, 2014 During the week of April 27, 2014, health officials from multiple agencies met in the Dominican Republic to discuss the outbreak. On May 1, the Caribbean Public Health Agency (CARPHA) declared a Caribbean-wide epidemic of the virus.Caribbean-wide Chikungunya epidemic declared May 2, 2014 Cayman 27 Mona Tatum Kevin Watler http://www.cayman27.com.ky/2014/05/02/caribbean-wide-chikungunya-epidemic-declared May 2, 2014 usurped https://web.archive.org/web/20140503074914/http://www.cayman27.com.ky/2014/05/02/caribbean-wide-chikungunya-epidemic-declared May 3, 2014 mdy The United States–based Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said it was "working with state health departments to increase awareness about chikungunya and to facilitate diagnostic testing" in preparation for possible introduction into South Florida. As of May 19, 2014, the Dominican Republic had over 32,000 reported cases of chikungunya, representing 68% of the total cases registered to date.Mejía Odalis Suben a 32,519 los casos chikungunya; 8,000 en semana http://hoy.com.do/suben-a-32519-los-casos-chikungunya-8000-en-semana/ 24 May 2014 Hoy 20 May 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140525000418/http://hoy.com.do/suben-a-32519-los-casos-chikungunya-8000-en-semana/ May 25, 2014 Spanish El Ministerio de Salud Pública informó que ascienden a 32,519 los casos de fiebre por chikungunya notificados en todo el país, de los cuales 8,059 se han producido en una sola semana. De estos últimos el 68% se detectó en San Cristóbal. By the end of May, four cases had been confirmed in Florida.May 22, 2014 Fourth Case Of Mosquito Borne Chikungunya Fever Confirmed In Florida http://miami.cbslocal.com/2014/05/22/fourth-case-of-mosquito-borne-chikungunya-fever-confirmed-in-florida/ CBS Miami Miami November 24, 2014 Over 50,000 people were suspected to have contracted the virus in total.Salud revela que hay 32,519 casos de chikungunya http://clinicaunionmedica.com/noticia/ver_noticia/277 Clínica Unión Médica 29 May 2014 Santiago de los Caballeros Spanish 26 May 2014 Con 32,519 casos, República Dominicana acumula el 68% del registro de chikungunya en 16 países del Caribe, región donde se han contabilizado 51,139 casos y 14 muertes. https://web.archive.org/web/20140531153221/http://clinicaunionmedica.com/noticia/ver_noticia/277 May 31, 2014 dead As of late September 2014, Health Minister Nancy Pérez of Venezuela stated that only 400 Venezuelans were infected with chikungunyaVenezuela's Maduro denounces "psychological war" waged by opposition http://elpais.com/elpais/2014/09/19/inenglish/1411136258_789165.html 24 September 2014 El Pais 19 September 2014 while the Central University of Venezuela stated that there could be between 65,000 and 117,000 Venezuelans infected.Wade Lizzie In Venezuela, doctor flees after being accused of terrorism amid fever outbreak https://www.science.org/content/article/venezuela-doctor-flees-after-being-accused-terrorism-amid-fever-outbreak 28 September 2014 Science 23 September 2014 The Venezuelan government has announced a three-stage plan to counter the outbreak, with Health Minister Pérez stating that the key function is to eliminate areas of mosquito breeding.Venezuelan gov't launches plan against dengue, chikungunya http://www.eluniversal.com/nacional-y-politica/140929/venezuelan-govt-launches-plan-against-dengue-chikungunya 3 October 2014 El Universal 29 September 2014 By November 2014 most of the Caribbean Islands were affected and the Pan-American Health Organization reported about 800,000 suspected cases alone in the Caribbean.http://www.paho.org/hq/index.php?option=com_docman&task=doc_download&Itemid=270&gid=28239&lang=en Number of Reported Cases of Chikungunya Fever in the Americas, by Country or Territory 2013/2014 (to week noted) November 14, 2014 PDF (348 KB) paho.org Pan American Health Organization November 24, 2014 References 30em Category:2013 disease outbreaks Category:2014 disease outbreaks Category:2013 in the Caribbean Category:2014 in the Caribbean Category:Health disasters in North America Category:Chikungunya Category:Health disasters in the Caribbean