1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane

changed 477201671 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane skeletal.svg 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane 3D.png 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane Arklone PCFC-113Freon 113Frigen 113 TR Freon TF Valclene 1,1,2-trichlorotrifluoroethaneTCTFESolvent 113 correct chemspider 6188 correct FDA 0739N04X3A 1/C2Cl3F3/c3-1(4,6)2(5,7)8 AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYAE correct EBI 478511 correct chemspider 1S/C2Cl3F3/c3-1(4,6)2(5,7)8 correct chemspider AJDIZQLSFPQPEY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 76-13-1 correct CAS 6428 ClC(F)(F)C(Cl)(Cl)F CClF2CCl2F 2 3 3 Colorless liquid like carbon tetrachloride 1.56 g/mL -35 47.7 170 mg/L 285 mmHg (20 °C) 0.0729 W m−1 K−1 (300 K)Touloukian, Y.S., Liley, P.E., and Saxena, S.C. Thermophysical properties of matter - the TPRC data series. Volume 3. Thermal conductivity - nonmetallic liquids and gases. Data book. 1970. TWA 1000 ppm (7600 mg/m3)0632 2000 ppm TWA 1000 ppm (7600 mg/m3) ST 1250 ppm (9500 mg/m3) 250,000 ppm (mouse, 1.5 hr)87,000 (rat, 6 hr)76131 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane Safety Data Sheet fishersci.com 07 09 Warning https://datasheets.scbt.com/sc-251541.pdf 3 0 1 1,1,2-Trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane, also called simply trichlorotrifluoroethane (often abbreviated as TCTFE) or CFC-113, is a chlorofluorocarbon. It has the formula Cl2FC\sCClF2. This colorless, volatile liquid was a versatile solventGünter Siegemund Werner Schwertfeger Andrew Feiring Bruce Smart Fred Behr Herward Vogel Blaine McKusick Fluorine Compounds, Organic 2002 10.1002/14356007.a11_349 used in various precision cleaning operations until it was phased out due its impact on the ozone layer. Production CFC-113 can be prepared from hexachloroethane and hydrofluoric acid:Social and Economic Implications of Controlling the Use of Chlorofluorocarbons in the EEC pitt.edu C2Cl6 + 3 HF -> CF2Cl\sCFCl2 + 3 HCl This reaction may require catalysts such as antimony, chromium, iron and alumina at high temperatures.Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology. 4th ed. Volumes 1: New York, NY. John Wiley and Sons, 1991-Present., p. V11 507 (1994) Another synthesis method uses HF on tetrachloroethylene instead.Robert D. Ashford: Ashford's Dictionary of Industrial Chemicals, p. 1131. 2nd Edition. Wavelength Publications, 2001 Industrial production of CFC-113 began in the early 1940s.Use and application of CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113 and SF6 as environmental tracers of groundwater residence time: A review Geoscience Frontiers Volume 10, Issue 5, September 2019, Pages 1643-1652; L.A. Chambers, D.C. Gooddy, A.M. Binley Uses CFC-113 was one of the three most popular CFCs, along with CFC-11 and CFC-12. Zumdahl Steven Chemical Principles D. C. Heath Lexington 1995 978-0-669-39321-7 registration https://archive.org/details/chemicalprincip100zumd In 1989, an estimated 250,000 tons were produced. It has been used as a cleaning agent for electrical and electronic components. 2008 Chlorofluorocarbons Columbia Encyclopedia http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1E1-chlorofl.html 2008-05-28 CFC-113’s low flammability and low toxicity made it ideal for use as a cleaner for delicate electrical-electronic equipment such as printed circuit boards, fabrics, and metals. It would not harm the product it was cleaning, ignite with a spark or react with other chemicals.https://sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu/guides?OZ/prodcfcs.html Guides | SEDAC sedac.ciesin.columbia.edu It was used as a dry-cleaning solvent, as an alternative to perchloroethylene, introduced by DuPont in March 1961 as "Valclene"Coin-Op 1961-04: Vol 2 Iss 4 P. 61 (former designated trade name was "Fasclene"Fast Dry Cleaner Ready - New York Times (March 27, 1961) but it was later changed to Valclene in the same year for legal reasons)DuPont Fluid Renamed - Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter Vol 179 Iss 14 page 60Perchloroethylene Cleaner: It Will Not Cleaned Out - Oil, Paint and Drug Reporter 1961-04-24: Vol 179 Iss 17 page 5 and was also marketed as the "solvent of the future" by Imperial Chemical Industries in the 1970s under the tradename "Arklone". Others from this series were Perklone (Tetrachloroethylene), Triklone (Trichloroethylene), Methoklone (Dichloromethane) and Genklene (1,1,1-Trichloroethane).Industrial Finishing and Surface Coatings. (1973). UK: Wheatland journals, Limited.Morrison, R. D., Murphy, B. L. (2013). Chlorinated Solvents: A Forensic Evaluation. Royal Society of Chemistry Its use in dry-cleaning peaked around 1971, and dry-cleaners using CFC-113 were known as Valclenerías in Spanish.En busca del disolvente perfecto (In the search of the perfect solvent) - La Tintoteria (2010) page 14 In 1986, 489 dry-cleaning facilities (about 2.2% of 21,787 dry-cleaning facilities) in the US were using CFC-113 as their main solvent.A Chronology of Historical Developments in Drycleaning (November 2007) It was seen as the perfect dry-cleaning solvent until its environmental effects were discovered. CFC-113 in laboratory analytics and industry has been replaced by other solvents.http://www.norden.org/pub/ebook/2003-516.pdf Use of Ozone Depleting Substances in Laboratories. TemaNord 516/2003 2008-05-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20080227052412/http://www.norden.org/pub/ebook/2003-516.pdf 2008-02-27 dead Reduction of CFC-113 with zinc gives chlorotrifluoroethylene: CFCl2\sCClF2 + Zn → CClF\dCF2 + ZnCl2 Hazards When inhaled in large concentrations, trichlorotrifluoroethane can cause loss of consciousness. thumb|left|CFC-113 measured by the Advanced Global Atmospheric Gases Experiment (AGAGE) in the lower atmosphere (troposphere) at stations around the world. Abundances are given as pollution free monthly mean mole fractions in parts-per-trillion. thumb|left|upright=1.0|Atmospheric concentration of CFC-113 since year 1992. CFC-113 is a very unreactive chlorofluorocarbon. It may remain in the atmosphere up to 90 years,http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/climate_change/the_science.htm Global Change 2: Climate Change University of Michigan January 4, 2006 2008-05-28 https://web.archive.org/web/20080420150554/http://www.globalchange.umich.edu/globalchange2/current/lectures/climate_change/the_science.htm 2008-04-20 dead sufficiently long that it will cycle out of the troposphere and into the stratosphere. In the stratosphere, CFC-113 can be broken up by ultraviolet radiation (UV, sunlight in the 190-225 nm range), generating chlorine radicals (Cl•), which initiate degradation of ozone requiring only a few minutes: Molina, Mario J. Role of chlorine in the stratospheric chemistry Pure and Applied Chemistry 68 9 1749–1756 1996 10.1351/pac199668091749 22107229 free http://www.ciesin.org/TG?OZ/prodcfcs.html Guides | SEDAC 2008-05-01 2011-05-20 https://web.archive.org/web/20110520172747/http://www.ciesin.org/TG?OZ/prodcfcs.html dead CClF2CCl2F → C2F3Cl2 + Cl• Cl• + O3 → ClO• + O2 This reaction is followed by: ClO• + O → Cl• + O2 The process regenerates Cl• to destroy more O3. The Cl• will destroy an average of 100,000 O3 molecules during its atmospheric lifetime of 1–2 years. Aside from its immense environmental impacts, trichlorotrifluoroethane, like most chlorofluoroalkanes, forms phosgene gas when exposed to a naked flame.False Alarms: The Legacy of Phosgene Gas https://hvacrschool.com/phosgene-gas/ HVAC School 9 May 2022 See also 1,1,1-Trichloro-2,2,2-trifluoroethane References Category:Dry cleaning Category:Halogenated solvents Category:Chlorofluoroalkanes Category:Chlorofluorocarbons Category:Haloethanes Category:Greenhouse gases Category:Ozone-depleting chemical substances