1949 Florida hurricane

Category 4 Atlantic hurricane in 1949 Hurricane Two August 26 1949 surface weather analysis.png Surface weather analysis of the hurricane approaching South Florida on August 26. 1949 08 23 1949 08 31 August 29, 1949 115 954 1949 2 direct, 1 indirect 52000000 Leeward Islands Puerto Rico Hispaniola Turks and Caicos Islands Cuba The Bahamas East Coast of the United States Atlantic Canada 1949 Atlantic hurricane season The 1949 Florida hurricane, also known as the Delray Beach hurricane, was a damaging and powerful tropical cyclone that caused significant damage in the southern portions of the state late in the month of August. The second recorded tropical cyclone of the annual hurricane season, the system originated from a tropical wave near the northern Leeward Islands on August 23. Already a tropical storm upon initial observations, the cyclone curved west-northwestward and intensified, becoming a hurricane on August 25. Rapid intensification ensued as the storm approached the central Bahamas early on August 26, with the storm reaching Category 4 hurricane strength later that day and peaking with maximum sustained winds of 130 mph km/h on shortly after striking Andros. Late on August 26, the storm made landfall near Lake Worth, Florida, at the same intensity. The cyclone initially weakened quickly after moving inland, falling to Category 1 status early the next day. Shortly thereafter, the system curved northward over the Nature Coast and entered Georgia on August 28, where it weakened to a tropical storm. The storm then accelerated northeastward and became extratropical over New England by August 29. The remnants traversed Atlantic Canada and much of the Atlantic Ocean before dissipating near Ireland on September 1. The hurricane produced strong winds in the Bahamas, including a wind gust of 120 mph km/h on on Bimini. A wide expanse of the east coast of Florida, stretching from Miami Beach to St. Augustine, observed hurricane-force winds, while much of the state recorded winds of at least 50 mph km/h on. Closer to the location of landfall, the Lake Worth Inlet observed a sustained wind speeds of 127 mph km/h on. Palm Beach County was one of the worst impacted areas, with 65 homes destroyed and 13,283 others damaged to some degree. Just to the north, Martin County also received extensive impact, with severe damage inflicted to about 40% of homes and commercial buildings in Stuart, where winds gusted to 160 mi/h km/h on prior to the worst conditions. The storm generated the most severe impacts observed on Lake Okeechobee since the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane, but unlike the latter storm, did not manage to breach the local levees. Overall, the hurricane damaged about 18,000 homes, while roughly 1,000 other structures suffered severe damage or destruction in Florida. About $45 million in damage occurred in the state, which included $20 million in damage to crops, $18 million to property, $4 million electrical and communications, and $500,000 to road infrastructure. Damage throughout the United States totaled about $52.35 million and three deaths occurred, two in Florida and one in Georgia.All monetary values are in 1949 United States dollars unless otherwise noted. nb Meteorological history AL02 1949 path.png new At 06:00 UTC on August 23, a moderate tropical storm developed about 200 mi km on east of Sint Maarten. (Operationally, the system was treated as an easterly wave until it moved through the Bahamas a few days later.Zoch 1949 The system likely originated near the Cape Verde islands,Barnes 1998 183 but was first observed near the Leeward Islands.https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_master.html#1949_2 Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT: 1949 Storm Two Christopher W. Landsea Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration 19 March 2020 Miami etal) The cyclone steadily tracked west-northwestward and intensified over the succeeding three days. At 12:00 UTC on August 24, while situated north of San Juan, Puerto Rico, the tropical storm strengthened to a minimal hurricane with maximum sustained winds of 75 mph km/h on. Subsequently, it organized rapidly, and was "well developed" when it passed near Nassau on the morning of August 26—at that time bearing winds of 115 mph km/h on, equivalent to a major hurricane on the Saffir–Simpson scale.A major hurricane is a storm that ranks as Category 3 or higher on the Saffir–Simpson hurricane scale.Goldenburg Stan A3) What is a super-typhoon? What is a major hurricane? What is an intense hurricane? FAQ Frequently Asked Questions http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/tcfaqHED.html http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/tcfaq/A3.html June 1, 2018 Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory August 2, 2019 4.11 "nb"Zoch 1949 Later on August 26, the storm strengthened further over the Gulf Stream, and its eye made landfall on the city of Lake Worth, Florida, at 23:00 UTC. At that time, the storm was equivalent to a Category 4 hurricane with winds of 130 mph km/h on. Nearby, an airport in West Palm Beach registered calm conditions and a barometric pressure of 28.17 inHg mb on 3 on.Zoch 1949 (Prior to reanalysis, the system was designated as a Category 3 hurricane, based on the minimum central pressure reading, which corresponded to Category 3 on the Saffir–Simpson scale.Jarrell Mayfield Hebert 1992 4 However, modern analysis applies Saffir–Simpson rankings based on maximum sustained wind speeds.Landsea Glenn Bredemeyer 2007) Because the eye was first encountered in Delray Beach, a short distance southward of the landfall location, the storm earned the moniker Delray Beach hurricane.Barnes 1998 183 Once inland over South Florida, the hurricane moved over the northern portion of Lake Okeechobee,Zoch 1949 following a similar path to that of the 1928 Okeechobee hurricane.Barnes 1998 183 On August 27, the hurricane recurved over the Florida peninsula, and then weakened to a Category 1 hurricane northeast of Tampa. The system diminished to a tropical storm near Cedar Key, and entered southern Georgia during the morning of August 28. The system passed over the Carolinas as a weak tropical storm, and was operationally noted as a "weak disturbance" at the time.Zoch 1949 The cyclone passed through the Mid-Atlantic states and New England on August 29, became extratropical over New Hampshire, and was last detected over the North Atlantic Ocean near Ireland on September 1. Preparations and impact On August 25, the northern Bahamas were advised to initiate hurricane precautions, and a hurricane warning was issued for the islands. South Floridians were encouraged to closely monitor the progress of the storm.The Associated Press August 25, 1949 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12144265/moberly_monitorindex/ South Florida Put on Alert for Hurricane Moberly Monitor-Index July 5, 2017 Newspapers.com On August 26, hurricane warnings were released from Miami to Vero Beach; officials decided to cancel proposed evacuations of the Lake Okeechobee region, as the presence of the Herbert Hoover Dike was expected to prevent flooding.Associated Press August 26, 1949 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/12144369/moberly_monitorindex/ Hurricane Due to Hit Florida this Afternoon Moberly Monitor-Index July 5, 2017 Newspapers.com thumb|right|Map of wind and pressure observations in Florida during the hurricane The cities of Jupiter, Palm Beach, Stuart, and West Palm Beach experienced the most severe damage from the storm in South Florida.Barnes 1998 184 A damage assessment conducted in 22 counties indicated that approximately 18,000 homes suffered damage, while roughly 1,000 other structures were severely damaged or destroyed. The cyclone inflicted heavy citrus losses, and one-third of the trees were uprooted in many groves. Agricultural damage reached $20 million, with about 14 million boxes of fruit lost.Barnes 1998 185 Overall, the state suffered roughly $45 million in damage, which included $20 million in damage to crops, $18 million to property, $4 million electrical and communications, and $500,000 to road infrastructure. Only two deaths occurred in Florida, which was attributed to advance warnings.Barnes 1998 185 Water entered many homes in Palm Beach and Martin counties, causing snakes and mosquitoes to infest residences. Precipitation totals of 8.18 in mm on, 7.1 in mm on, and 9.51 in mm on were measured at Belle Glade, Okeechobee, and St. Lucie Lock, respectively.Barnes 1998 183 The cyclone produced hurricane-force gusts in Florida from Miami Beach to Saint Augustine; the majority of the state experienced sustained winds of at least 50 mph km/h on.Barnes 1998 183 The strongest winds were observed between northern Broward County and St. Lucie County, as well as around Lake Okeechobee. Many locations in this region of the state recorded sustained winds over 100 mph km/h on, while a few sites measured wind gusts of 140 mph km/h on or higher. The Bahamas In the Bahamas, the cyclone produced 120 mph km/h on wind gusts on Bimini.Zoch 1949 Damages in the Bahamas are unknown. Coastal South Florida left|thumb|220x220px|Storm surge and strong winds in Palm Beach during the hurricane In West Palm Beach, peak gusts of 125 mi/h km/h on were recorded before the anemometer blew away.Barnes 1998 183 A maximum sustained wind of 153 mph km/h on was reported from the Jupiter Inlet Light prior to the loss of the anemometer; although conditions were slightly more severe after the reading, reliable estimates are unavailable,Zoch 1949 and the highest observed reading was recorded above the standard elevation of 10 m ft on on. Nevertheless, the observation from Jupiter marked the highest officially registered wind speed in Florida during the storm. The strongest sustained wind speed at standard height was 127 mph km/h on at the Lake Worth Inlet. In Miami, winds reached up to 54 mph km/h on. Impact in the city and Miami Beach was primarily limited to minor damage to signs, plants, and trees.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18821990/fort_lauderdale_news/ Hurricane Roundup Associated Press August 27, 1949 Fort Lauderdale News 5 April 1, 2018 One death occurred in the city when a man drowned in Biscayne Bay while swimming to moor a small boat.Norton 1949 128 The strongest sustained winds speed in Fort Lauderdale was 80 mph km/h on, while gusts peaked at 100 mph km/h on.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18822816/fort_lauderdale_news/ Hurricane Clouds Lift As 'Big Blow' Moves Northward August 27, 1949 Fort Lauderdale News 1 April 1, 2018 Many signs, trees, and shrubbery were damaged, with a number of trees falling onto streets. A possible tornado downed several coconut palm trees on U.S. Route 1. Several plate glass windows at downtown businesses were shattered.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18823222/fort_lauderdale_news/ Hurricane August 27, 1949 Fort Lauderdale News 6 April 1, 2018 Heavy rainfall flooded many intersections and streets in low-lying and poor drainage areas of the city.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18823466/fort_lauderdale_news/ Wind-Driven Dirty Ocean Lashes Coast August 27, 1949 Lawson E. Parker Fort Lauderdale News 1 April 1, 2018 The hurricane demolished three homes in Pompano Beach, while part of an apartment complex was severely damaged. Additionally, store and restaurant fronts and their roofs also suffered damage. Winds toppled 15 electrical poles on State Road 811. Throughout Broward County, 150 homes were destroyed and 150 others suffered damage.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18850077/the_palm_beach_post/ 18,000 Homes Hit in 22-County Part Of State Raked By Storm Associated Press August 30, 1949 The Palm Beach Post 1 April 2, 2018 thumb|Boats on top of debris in the wake of the hurricane in Florida Communications were mostly disrupted in Boca Raton. A number of homes experienced structural impacts in Delray Beach, with five homes being destroyed, while many businesses received major damage. In Boynton Beach, extensive impact was incurred shrubbery, trees, and property. Several structures were deroofed. The bridge across the Intracoastal Waterway was left impassable. The "negro section" of Boynton Beach suffered $10,000 in damage,https://www.newspapers.com/clip/9231063/the_palm_beach_post/ All Agencies Aid Storm Victims Fred Van Pelt August 28, 1949 The Palm Beach Post 10 February 28, 2017 Newspapers.com which included extensive damage to stores. Tides lashed the coast, with the worst impact between Lake Worth and Palm Beach. Much of the island of Palm Beach was covered with power lines, trees, broken glass, sand, and other debris. Between Joseph E. Widener's mansion in Palm Beach and the Lake Worth casino, several washouts were reported. Along State Road 704 (Royal Palm Way), many royal palm trees were toppled.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17857756/the_palm_beach_post/ Towns Lashed by Hurricane Report Millions in Damage August 28, 1949 The Palm Beach Post 1 February 28, 2018 Newspapers.com https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17857797/the_palm_beach_post/ Towns Lashed by Hurricane Report Millions in Damage August 28, 1949 The Palm Beach Post 9 February 28, 2018 Newspapers.com At the Society of the Four Arts, several trees were uprooted and the library garden was ruined. The radio antenna at the town hall collapsed, damaging the roof, police and firefighters barracks, the door to the fire station, and a car.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17857925/the_palm_beach_post/ Scattered Debris Marks Palm Beach August 28, 1949 The Palm Beach Post 10 February 28, 2018 Newspapers.com Palm Beach suffered approximately $2.6 million in damage. In Lake Worth, a total of about 400 people stayed at six shelters in the area during the storm. Between 300 and 400 homes were impacted by the storm, with most of the effects limited to broken roofs, shattered windows, and water damage. One home was completely demolished. This does not include the number of homes deroofed in the "negro quarters". Additionally, a trailer was overturned and "rolled over and over like a rubber ball". Many plate-glass windows broke in the business district, while a filling station on State Road 802 was destroyed.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17858050/the_palm_beach_post/ Lake Worth Reports Damage is Less Than in 1947 Storm August 28, 1949 The Palm Beach Post 10 February 28, 2018 Newspapers.com Three of the four radio towers in the city were toppled. In West Palm Beach, cars were overturned in the interior of a dealership as winds shattered windows.Barnes 1998 184 At the Palm Beach International Airport, some hangars collapsed, causing 16 planes to be destroyed and 5 others be affected. Additionally, 15 C-46s suffered damage. Almost $1 million in damage occurred at the airport alone. Nearby, several warehouses which stored cars experienced roof cave-ins, crushing a number of vehicles. Several homes near the airport were deroofed.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/17886069/the_palm_beach_post/ Airport Damage Nears $1 Million August 28, 1949 The Palm Beach Post 10 March 1, 2018 Newspapers.com A shelter was deroofed, forcing the Red Cross and National Guard to evacuate about 60 people. Another shelter suffered wind and water damage, resulting in about 200 people moving to a different part of the building.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18125569/fort_lauderdale_news/ Hundreds Homeless In Wake of Blow; Destruction Heavy August 27, 1949 Associated Press Fort Lauderdale News 1 March 9, 2018 A 196 ft m on radio tower owned by WJNO fell into the Intracostal Water. Nearby, storm surge flooded a hotel lobby with 6 in mm on of water, while winds damaged its glass dome. Approximately 2,000 homes out of about 7,000 in the city were damaged. It was estimated that the hurricane caused more than $4 million in damage in West Palm Beach. In Riviera Beach, two stores were destroyed, while about 50 businesses and 500 homes sustained damage.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/18846606/the_miami_news/ Incomplete Reports Place State's Hurricane Devastation At Millions of Dollars August 28, 1949 The Miami News 2A April 2, 2018 Throughout Palm Beach County, the storm destroyed 65 homes and damaged 13,283 others. Lake Okeechobee thumb|Weather map of the hurricane over Florida on August 27 The hurricane was one of the most severe on record over Lake Okeechobee,Schloemer 1954 3 and the strongest on record there since September 1928.Norton 1949 128 Sustained winds at Belle Glade peaked at 100 mph km/h on and wind gusts reached 140 mph km/h on before the anemometer blew away. A number of power lines and trees were downed, while the WSWN radio station tower fell. At the state prison, the roof of an implement shed collapsed, destroying about $50,000 worth of equipment. Additionally, two barns were demolished and the dining hall, dormitories, and a parking garage were inflicted damage. Damage in the city was estimated at more than $1 million. Tides reached 12 ft (144 in) above normal at Belle Glade and Clewiston and the Lake Okeechobee area was lashed with winds of at least 122 mph km/h on for about seven hours,Barnes 1998 183 but the Herbert Hoover Dike remained intact, protecting the area from severe flooding. Minimal erosion occurred in some locales.Barnes 1998 183 Significant damage was reported in Pahokee and communications were knocked out completely. Treasure Coast left|thumb|240x240px|Roof torn off from a building in Stuart from the hurricane In the Treasure Coast region, a wind gust unofficially reached 160 mph km/h on at Stuart, as measured by a rooftop anemometer at a fire station, but instrumentation was disabled prior to the worst conditions.Barnes 1998 183 About 40% of homes in Stuart and commercial structures were severely damaged, while 90% of structures required repairs. A church, baseball park, and ice company was destroyed in the area's black neighborhoods. Many flimsy buildings were destroyed in the neighborhoods.Barnes 1998 184 Three portions of the Jensen causeway near Sewall's Point were ripped away. A hangar and beacon was destroyed at the local airport in Martin County. About 500 people were homeless in Stuart.Associated Press August 27, 1949 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35422956/moberly_monitorindex/ 1 Tropical Gale Cuts Wide Swath of Destruction Across Florida Moberly Monitor-Index August 30, 2019 Newspapers.com A water mark of 8.5 ft (102 in) was recorded on the St. Lucie River near Stuart.Bush Neal Longo 2004 204 In Fort Pierce, winds of 100 mph km/h on were reported. thumb|235x235px|A collapsed house in Florida after the hurricane Trees, electrical poles, and power lines littered the streets, with nearly the entire city losing electricity. A hotel was deroofed and many businesses suffered substantial damage. Officials noted that every home suffered some degree of damage. The Indian River overflowed, flooding the city with millions of gallons of water. The hurricane destroyed 35 homes and damaged 3,300 others. Vero Beach reported sustained winds of 97 mph km/h on and peak gusts of 110 mph km/h on.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35422995// 150 MPH Winds Hammer Inland; Rich Crops Periled 1 Intelligencer Journal 27 August 1949 August 30, 2019 Newspapers.com A man was injured in Vero Beach while attempting to operate a pump in the midst of hurricane-force winds; he succumbed to his injuries at a hospital in Palm Beach about two weeks later.Norton 1949 128 The hurricane damaged approximately 1,000 homes throughout Indian River County. Central Florida and beyond thumb|left|Total precipitation from the 1949 Florida hurricane A total of 50 homes in Manatee County were damaged by the storm. Numerous Central Florida communities also reported severe damage from the winds.Barnes 1998 183 The observation station at Archbold Biological Station reported peak wind gusts of 110 mph km/h on; the town of Sebring reported 125 mph km/h on gusts, which caused damage to trees and severe structural damage to buildings. Estimations of property damage reached $100,000 in the town, and local citrus groves estimated losses near $2 million. Buildings received considerable damage in the Lake Placid area, and telegraph, telephone, rail, and bus services were disrupted.Fred E. Lohrer http://www.archbold-station.org/ABS/album/album-events/hurricanenews19481949.htm Hurricanes at Archbold Biological Station, 1948 & 1949 15 October 2004 Archbold Biological Station 19 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20090206172628/http://archbold-station.org/abs/album/album-events/hurricanenews19481949.htm 6 February 2009 dead Throughout Highlands County, a total of 14 homes were destroyed and 165 others received damage. At the Weather Bureau office in Lakeland, the anemometer recorded sustained winds of 61 mph km/h on and gusts reaching 75 mph km/h on.Norton 1949 128 Nearly the entire city lost electricity and telephone service experienced significant interruptions. A number of electrical poles and wires fell, while fallen palm and oak trees blocked at least a dozen streets. At the Munn Park Historic District, winds shattered at least six storefront plate glass windows, uprooted hundreds of trees, and detached large advertising billboards from their anchors. A brick building housing six storage units was nearly destroyed. Throughout Lakeland, hundreds of homes were partially or completely deroofed.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27813454/newspress/ Lakeland Hard Hit News-Press August 28, 1949 5 January 30, 2019 Newspapers.com In Orlando, the executive airport (then known as Orlando Air Force Base) observed sustained winds of 55 mph km/h on and gusts up to 84 mph km/h on.Norton 1949 128 Property damage in the city was generally light, though signs, trees, and power lines fell, causing some power outages.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27773088/orlando_evening_star/ Fringe of Storm Felt Here 1 August 27, 1949 Orlando Evening Star January 29, 2019 Newspapers.com Several streets were blocked by falling trees, but most obstructions of the roads were quickly cleared. At Orlando Air Force Base, the storm felled about 25 trees and left some roof damage to buildings with tar-paper roofs.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27773241/orlando_evening_star/ Fringe of Storm Felt Here 2 August 27, 1949 Orlando Evening Star January 29, 2019 Newspapers.com Wind gusts of 75 mph km/h on affected Clermont.Barnes 1998 183 Fifty homes in Lake County experienced some degree of damage. In Alabama, a strong thunderstorm on the fringes of the hurricane damaged several airplanes, interrupted electrical services, and injured four people in Birmingham.https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27734054/the_news_journal/ 40 Planes Wrecked The News Journal August 29, 1949 4 January 28, 2019 Newspapers.com Flooding affected Georgia and the Carolinas, although the rains alleviated drought conditions in Maryland, Pennsylvania, New York, and New England.Barnes 1998 184 In Georgia, a young boy was electrocuted by a downed power line near Savannah. Charleston, South Carolina, reported a wind gust of 80 mph km/h on, and power lines were damaged. In Maryland, damage was minimal, although trees were prostrated and electrical services were down.Associated Press August 29, 1949 https://www.newspapers.com/clip/35423054/the_maryville_daily_forum/ 1 Big Hurricane Blows Itself Out The Maryville Daily Forum August 30, 2019 Newspapers.com Throughout the United States, the hurricane caused two deaths and about $52.35 million in damage. See also Tropical cyclones 1928 Okeechobee hurricane – Another Category 4 hurricane that struck Palm Beach County 1933 Treasure Coast hurricane – Struck northernmost Palm Beach County as a Category 3 List of Florida hurricanes List of Florida hurricanes (1900–1949) Notes nb References 2 Sources Barnes Jay 1998 Florida's Hurricane History UNC Press Chapel Hill, North Carolina 1st https://archive.org/details/floridashurrican0000barn_g4v2/ registration 0-8078-2443-7 Internet Archive Bush David M. Neal William J. Longo Norma J. Lindeman Kenyon M. Pilkey Deborah F. Esteves Luciana Slomp Congleton John D. Pilkey Orrin H. Orrin H. Pilkey 2004 Living with Florida's Atlantic Beaches: Coastal Hazards from Amelia Island to Key West 978-0-822-33289-3 Living with the Shore Pilkey Orrin H. Neal William J. Duke University Press Durham, North Carolina Bush Neal Longo 2004 3 Duedall Iver W. Williams John M. 2002 1997 Florida Hurricanes and Tropical Storms, 1871–2001 University Press of Florida Gainesville, Florida 2nd https://archive.org/details/floridahurricane0000will_g8q6 registration 0-8130-2494-3 Internet Archive Jarrell Jeremy D. Hebert Paul J. Mayfield Max Max Mayfield 1992 1984 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/nwstechmemos/techmemo46.pdf Hurricane Experience Levels of Coastal County Populations from Texas to Maine 4 National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Coral Gables, Florida NOAA Technical Memorandum NWS-NHC 46 19 March 2020 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20081012222536/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/general/lib/lib1/nhclib/nwstechmemos/techmemo46.pdf 12 October 2008 Jarrell Mayfield Hebert 1992 Landsea Christopher Glenn David A. Bredemeyer William Chenoweth Michael Ellis Ryan Gamache John Hufstetler Lyle Mock Cary Pérez Ramón Prieto Ricardo Sánchez-Sesma Jorge Thomas Donna Woolcock Lenworth Christopher Landsea 2007 15 May 2008 10.1175/2007jcli1119.1 http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/pdf/10.1175/2007JCLI1119.1 A Reanalysis of the 1911–20 Atlantic Hurricane Database Journal of Climate 21 10 2138–2168 19 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20081101081112/http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd//Landsea/reanal_1911-20.pdf 1 November 2008 live 3 2008JCli...21.2138L 1785238 Landsea Glenn Bredemeyer 2007 Norton Grady Grady Norton Hurricane of August, 1949 Special Weather Summary Climatological Data Florida Miami Chattanooga, Tennessee National Climatic Data Center August 1949 1949 53 8 128 Robert W. Schloemer https://www.weather.gov/media/owp/oh/hdsc/docs/HMR31.pdf Analysis and Synthesis of Hurricane Wind Patterns over Lake Okeechobee, Florida 3 Hydrometeorological Report 31 United States Weather Bureau March 1954 May 1954 Washington, D.C. May 11, 2021 R. W. Schoner S. Molansky July 1956 Storm of August 23–9, 1949 Storms in the south Atlantic coastal region 214–5 National Hurricane Research Project 3, Rainfall Associated with Hurricanes United States Weather Bureau Washington, D.C. https://www.wpc.ncep.noaa.gov/tropical/rain/1956NHRPreportNo3.pdf Weather Prediction Center Zoch Richmond T. December 1949 ftp://ftp.library.noaa.gov/docs.lib/htdocs/rescue/mwr/077/mwr-077-12-0339.pdf North Atlantic Hurricanes and Tropical Disturbances of 1949 339 77 12 19 March 2020 10.1175/1520-0493(1949)077<0339:NAHATD>2.0.CO;2 Washington, D.C. 1949MWRv...77..339Z United States Weather Bureau dead free F (1949) 1949 Florida 1949 Florida 1949 Florida 1949 Florida hurricane Category:1949 natural disasters in the United States Category:1949 in Florida