1905 Spanish general election

none 1905 Spanish general election Spain 1785 parliamentary no 1903 Spanish general election 1903 1907 Spanish general election 1907 All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies and 180 (of 360) seats in the Senate203 seats needed for a majority in the Congress of Deputies 10 September 1905 (Congress)24 September 1905 (Senate) 170x170px Eugenio Montero Ríos Liberal–Democratic Liberal Union (Spain, Restoration) 1905 Senator (for life) 104 D Congress of Deputies54 S SenateResults for PL (95 deputies and 50 senators) and PD (9 deputies and 4 senators) in the 1903 election. 226 D Congress of Deputies108 S Senate 10px 122 D Congress of Deputies10px 54 S Senate 170x170px Antonio Maura Conservative Party (Spain) 11 November 1903 Palma 234 D Congress of Deputies107 S SenateResults for PC (228 deputies and 101 senators) and T (6 deputies and 6 senators) in the 1903 election. 105 D Congress of Deputies48 S Senate 10px 129 D Congress of Deputies10px 59 S Senate 170x170px Nicolás Salmerón Republican 1903 Barcelona 28 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 25 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 10px 3 D Congress of Deputies10px 0 S Senate 170x170px NoneIts leader, Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde, had died on 15 July 1905. Villaverdists — — Did not contest 16 D Congress of Deputies4 S Senate 10px 16 D Congress of Deputies10px 4 S Senate 170x170px Enric Prat de la Riba Regionalist 1902 Did not run 4 D Congress of Deputies2 S Senate 7 D Congress of Deputies2 S Senate 10px 3 D Congress of Deputies10px 0 S Senate 170x170px Francisco Romero Robledo Liberal Reformist Party (Spain) 1898 Antequera 7 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 7 D Congress of Deputies1 S Senate 10px 0 D Congress of Deputies10px 0 S Senate Prime Minister Prime Minister after election Eugenio Montero Ríos Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) Eugenio Montero Ríos Liberal Party (Spain, 1880) A general election was held in Spain on 10 September 1905 (for the Congress of Deputies), and on 24 September 1905 (for the Senate), to elect the members of the 12th es Cortes no under the Spanish Constitution of 1876, during the Restoration period. All 404 seats in the Congress of Deputies were up for election, as well as 180 of 360 seats in the Senate. The informal es turno system had allowed the country's two main parties—the Conservatives and the Liberals—to alternate in power by determining in advance the outcome of elections through electoral fraud, often facilitated by the territorial clientelistic networks of local bosses (the es caciques). The absence of politically authoritative figureheads since the deaths of Cánovas and Sagasta, together with the national trauma from the Spanish–American War, weakened the internal unity of both parties and allowed faction leaders and local es caciques to strengthen their positions as power brokers. Sagasta's death plunged the Liberal Party into turmoil, with an inconclusive leadership contest between Eugenio Montero Ríos and Segismundo Moret seeing the former temporarily splitting (together with supporters of José Canalejas and José López Domínguez) into the Liberal Democratic Party. Francisco Silvela's second tenure as prime minister of Spain was short-lived, as he resigned in July 1903 over disagreements between the Crown and Antonio Maura over the latter's management of election preparations as Governance minister—which had led to a strong performance by anti-monarchist forces in urban districts in the 1903 election—and amid a growing rivalry with Finance minister Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde, a defender of orthodox economics who opposed Maura's deficit spending. A five-month long cabinet under Villaverde fell after most of the Conservatives coalesced around Maura as new party leader, but a government attempt by the latter collapsed in December 1904, following King Alfonso XIII's interference in the appointment of a new Chief of the Central Staff of the Army. The inability of any other Conservative leader to command the party's majority in parliament thwarted two government attempts by Marcelo Azcárraga and Villaverde (who had split into his own political faction), leading to a new Liberal "turn" under Montero Ríos. Background left Raimundo Fernández Villaverde 1905 (cropped).jpg Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde in 1905 Antonio Maura 1910 (cropped).jpg Antonio Maura in 1910 100px The feud between Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde (left) and Antonio Maura (right) over economic policy and the Conservative leadership would dominate the 1903–1905 period. The Restoration system had entered a phase of decline following the national trauma from the Spanish–American War (the "1898 disaster") and the absence of politically authoritative figureheads since the deaths of Antonio Cánovas del Castillo (1897) and Práxedes Mateo Sagasta (1903), weakening the internal unity of both dynastic parties and strengthening the position of faction leaders and local es caciques as power brokers.Fernández Almagro 1943 415Martorell Linares 1997 144 Concurrently, the anti-monarchist opposition became increasingly competitive in urban and some rural districts, partly due to the introduction of universal suffrage since 1890, partly due to the progressive weakening of the pro-government electoral apparatus.Martorell Linares 1997 144–145Montagut Eduardo 24 March 2016 El republicanismo durante la Restauración borbónica https://www.eduardomontagut.es/mis-articulos/historia/item/422-el-republicanismo-durante-la-restauraci%C3%B3n-borb%C3%B3nica.html es Eduardo Montagut 24 August 2025Serrano Lahoz 2020 32 Francisco Silvela's return to power in December 1902 had seen the incorporation of the remaining Gamacists under Antonio Maura—a strong adherent to Silvela's regenerationist view of a revolution from power"—into the Conservative fold, with Maura himself being appointed as new governance minister.Soldevilla 1903 375–377Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: Francisco Silvela y de le Vielleuze. Retrieved 25 August 2025 The rivalry within Silvela's cabinet between Maura (whose position was more flexible in favour of corporatism and social reforms, even through deficit spending) and Raimundo Fernández-Villaverde (proponent of a rigid orthodox economic policy based on fiscal discipline and the gold standard) led to the latter's resignation as finance minister in March 1903.Royal Academy of History 2022 Comín Comín, Francisco. Personajes: Raimundo Fernández Villaverde y García del Rivero. Retrieved 25 August 2025Comín Comín 2002 661–662 & 668 Eugenio Montero Ríos 1914 (cropped).jpg Eugenio Montero Ríos in 1914 Segismundo Moret b.1909 (cropped).jpg Segismundo Moret before 1909 100px A push by Segismundo Moret (right) for the Liberal leadership led to a party schism with Eugenio Montero Ríos (left). Villaverde and Maura's financial clashes over a cabinet-sponsored Navy Law, coupled with disagreements between the Crown and Maura over election preparation procedures—as a result of the strong performance of anti-monarchist candidates in the cities of Madrid, Barcelona and Valencia in the 1903 general electionRoyal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Antonio Maura y Montaner. Retrieved 19 August 2025—led to Silvela's resignation on 20 July 1903,Soldevilla 1903 375–377Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: Francisco Silvela y de le Vielleuze. Retrieved 25 August 2025Soldevilla 1904 276–280 with young King Alfonso XIII appointing Villaverde as new prime minister.Royal Academy of History 2022 Comín Comín, Francisco. Personajes: Raimundo Fernández Villaverde y García del Rivero. Retrieved 25 August 2025Soldevilla 1904 280–283 This situation would last for only five months, as most of the Conservatives coalesced around Maura (singled out by Silvela as his successor) after a vigorous parliamentary speech in defense of Conservative ideals on 11 November,Royal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Antonio Maura y Montaner. Retrieved 19 August 2025Soldevilla 1904 423–426 prompting the downfall of Villaverde's government when it proved unable to get its 1904 budget bill through parliament in December.Royal Academy of History 2022 Comín Comín, Francisco. Personajes: Raimundo Fernández Villaverde y García del Rivero. Retrieved 25 August 2025Soldevilla 1904 464–471 A new government under Antonio Maura saw attempts to implement a regenerationist agenda, but his policy of increasing public spending caused a rift with the Villaverdists within the Conservative Party.Royal Academy of History 2022 Hechos: 1904 27/ii. Retrieved 25 August 2025Soldevilla 1905 98–103 During this period, the government had to deal with the "Nozaleda affair": its attempt to propose Bernardino Nozaleda—former archbishop of Manila, questioned for his role during the loss of the Philippines—as archbishop of Valencia, earning Maura criticism from the opposition.Royal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Antonio Maura y Montaner. Retrieved 19 August 2025 Maura resigned on 16 December 1904, following the King's refusal to sign the appointment of General Francisco Loño to the newly created post of Chief of the Central Staff of the Army—with Alfonso XIII preferring General Camilo García de Polavieja insteadSoldevilla 1904 514–517—sparking a political crisis as no other Conservative leader could command the party's parliamentary support: an interim cabinet by Marcelo Azcárraga fell within one month over disagreements on the date of re-opening of the es Cortes no,Royal Academy of History 2022 Cuenca Toribio, José Manuel. Personajes: Marcelo de Azcárraga y Palmero. Retrieved 25 August 2025Soldevilla 1905 517–519Soldevilla 1906 22–23 & 25–27 and a second government under Villaverde was left in a clear minority, surviving only for as long as the parliament remained closed.Royal Academy of History 2022 Comín Comín, Francisco. Personajes: Raimundo Fernández Villaverde y García del Rivero. Retrieved 25 August 2025Soldevilla 1906 27–33 Once the es Cortes no were re-opened, the government suffered a string of parliamentary defeats until it was brought down in a vote of confidence on 20 June 1905.Royal Academy of History 2022 Comín Comín, Francisco. Personajes: Raimundo Fernández Villaverde y García del Rivero. Retrieved 25 August 2025Soldevilla 1906 234–235 & 257–265 Both Silvela and Villaverde would die within a few weeks of each other in 1905, leaving Maura as the sole undisputed leader of the Conservative Party.Royal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: Francisco Silvela y de le Vielleuze. Retrieved 25 August 2025Royal Academy of History 2022 Comín Comín, Francisco. Personajes: Raimundo Fernández Villaverde y García del Rivero. Retrieved 25 August 2025 Sagasta's death had left the Liberal Party in need of a new leader and political direction.Soldevilla 1904 43–47 In a parliamentary assembly held on 15 November 1903, Eugenio Montero Ríos narrowly outvoted Segismundo Moret among party legislators (210 to 194), but fell short of the two-thirds majority required for election.Soldevilla 1904 430–437Royal Academy of History 2022 Rodríguez Labandeira, José. Personajes: Eugenio María Montero Ríos. Retrieved 25 August 2025Royal Academy of History 2022 Ferrera Cuesta, Carlos. Personajes: Segismundo Moret y Prendergast. Retrieved 18 August 2025 The party split into two factions, with Montero Ríos being joined by José López Domínguez and José Canalejas—who had left both the Liberal government and party the previous year over his disagreement with Moret and Sagasta's deal with the Holy See on the issue of religious ordersRoyal Academy of History 2022 Seco Serrano, Carlos. Personajes: José Canalejas Méndez. Retrieved 19 August 2025Soldevilla 1903 371–375—into the new Liberal Democratic Party.Royal Academy of History 2022 Rodríguez Labandeira, José. Personajes: Eugenio María Montero Ríos. Retrieved 25 August 2025Soldevilla 1904 441–443 & 489–491 In June 1905, amid the crisis of the Conservative government (seeing five cabinets succeeding each other within two years), Montero Ríos and Moret agreed on a united front to pose a viable political alternative,Soldevilla 1906 41–46; 52–57; 117–121 & 221–225 which bore fruit upon the former's appointment as prime minister on 23 June.Royal Academy of History 2022 Rodríguez Labandeira, José. Personajes: Eugenio María Montero Ríos. Retrieved 25 August 2025Soldevilla 1906 265–272Royal Academy of History 2022 Hechos: 1905 23/vi. Retrieved 25 August 2025 Overview Under the 1876 Constitution, the Spanish es Cortes no were conceived as "co-legislative bodies", forming a nearly perfect bicameral system.Constitution 1876 arts. 18–19 & 41. Both the Congress of Deputies and the Senate exercised legislative, oversight and budgetary functions, sharing almost equal powers, except in budget laws (taxation and public credit)—whose first reading corresponded to Congress—and in impeachment processes against government ministers, where Congress handled indictment and the Senate the trial.Constitution 1876 arts. 38, 42 & 45.https://www.senado.es/web/conocersenado/temasclave/historiaconstitucional/index.html Conocer el Senado. Temas clave. El Senado en la historia constitucional española es Senate of Spain 11 October 2025 Date The term of each chamber of the es Cortes no—the Congress and one-half of the elective part of the Senate—expired five years from the date of their previous election, unless they were dissolved earlier.Constitution 1876 arts. 24 & 30. The previous elections were held on 26 April 1903 for the Congress and on 10 May 1903 for the Senate, which meant that the chambers' terms would have expired on 26 April and 10 May 1908, respectively. The monarch had the prerogative to dissolve both chambers at any given time—either jointly or separately—and call a snap election.Constitution 1876 art. 32; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 11. There was no constitutional requirement for concurrent elections to the Congress and the Senate, nor for the elective part of the Senate to be renewed in its entirety except in the case that a full dissolution was agreed by the monarch. Still, there was only one case of a separate election (for the Senate in 1877) and no half-Senate elections taking place under the 1876 Constitution. The es Cortes no were officially dissolved on 17 August 1905, with the corresponding decree setting election day for 10 September (Congress) and 24 September 1905 (Senate) and scheduling for both chambers to reconvene on 11 October.Royal Decree of 17 August 1905 arts. 1–3. Electoral system Voting for the Congress of Deputies was based on universal manhood suffrage, comprising all Spanish national males over 25 years of age with full civil rights, provided they had two years of residence in a Spanish municipality and were not enlisted ranks in active duty.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 1.Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 88García Muñoz 2002 106–107Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1077 Additional restrictions excluded those deprived of political rights or barred from public office by a final sentence, criminally imprisoned or convicted, legally incapacitated, bankrupt, public debtors, and homeless.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 2. The Congress of Deputies had one seat per 50,000 inhabitants. Of these, those corresponding to larger urban areas were elected in multi-member constituencies using partial block voting: voters in constituencies electing eight seats or more could choose up to three candidates less than the number of seats at stake; in those with between four and eight seats, up to two less; and in those with between one and four seats, up to one less. The remaining seats were elected in single-member districts by plurality voting and distributed among the provinces of Spain according to population.Constitution 1876 arts. 27–28; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 21–22Ortega Álvarez Santaolaya Machetti 1996 89 Additionally, universities, economic societies of Friends of the Country and officially organized chambers of commerce, industry and agriculture, had one seat per 5,000 registered voters.Law of 26 June 1890 art. 24. As a result of the aforementioned allocation, 306 single-member districts were established, and each Congress multi-member constituency (a total of 28, electing 98 seats) was entitled the following seats:Law of 26 June 1890 trans. prov. 1 (suppl. supplemented by Law of 1 January 1871 art. 1 & attached table, and Law of 28 December 1878 arts. 2–3; am. amended by Law of 23 June 1885, Law of 18 January 1887, Law of 10 July 1888, Law of 18 June 1895, Law of 2 August 1895, Law of 5 July 1898, Law of 7 August 1899, Law of 24 March 1902, and Law of 5 April 1904). Seats Constituencies 8 Madrid 7 Barcelona 5 Palma, Seville 4 Cartagena 3 Alicante, Almería, Badajoz, Burgos, Cádiz, Córdoba, Granada, Huelva, Jaén, Jerez de la Frontera, La Coruña, Las Palmasgreen (+2), Lugo, Málaga, Murcia, Oviedo, Pamplona, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Santander, Tarragona, Valencia, Valladolid, Zaragoza Voting for the elective part of the Senate was based on censitary suffrage, comprising Spanish male householders of voting age, residing in a Spanish municipality, with full political and civil rights, who met either of the following:Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–3, 12–13, 23 & 25. Being qualified electors (such as archbishops, bishops and cathedral chapter members, in the archdioceses; full academics, in the royal academies; university authorities and professors, in the universities; or provincial deputies); Being elected as delegates (either by members with three years of seniority (in the economic societies of Friends of the Country; or by major taxpayers for direct taxes and local authorities, in the local councils). 180 Senate seats were elected using indirect, two-round majority voting. Delegates chosen by local councils—each of which was assigned an initial minimum of one delegate, with one additional delegate for every six councillors—voted for senators together with provincial deputies. The provinces of Barcelona, Madrid and Valencia were allocated four seats each, and the rest three each, for a total of 150. The remaining 30 seats were allocated to special institutional districts (one each), including major archdioceses, royal academies, universities, and economic societies,The following were considered as the major districts in each category:Archdioceses: Burgos, Granada, Santiago de Compostela, Seville, Tarragona, Toledo, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Royal academies: Spanish; History; Fine Arts of San Fernando; Exact, Physical and Natural Sciences; Moral and Political Sciences; and Medicine. Universities: Madrid, Barcelona, Granada, Oviedo, Salamanca, Santiago, Seville, Valencia, Valladolid, and Zaragoza. Economic societies of Friends of the Country: Madrid, Barcelona, León, Seville, and Valencia. each elected by their own qualified electors or delegates.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 1–2, 21–22, 30–31 & 53; Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 arts. 1–2.Carreras de Odriozola Tafunell Sambola 2005 1083 Another 180 seats consisted of senators in their own right (such as the monarch's offspring and the heir apparent once coming of age (16), grandees of Spain with an income of Pts 60,000, certain general officers—captain generals and admirals—the Patriarch of the Indies and archbishops, and the heads of higher courts and state institutions"State" These comprised the Council of State, the Supreme Court, the Court of Auditors and the Supreme Council of War and Navy. after two years of service), as well as senators for life directly appointed by the monarch.Constitution 1876 arts. 20–21, 66 & 71. The law provided for by-elections to fill vacant seats during the legislative term. At least two vacancies were required to trigger a by-election in Congress multi-member constituencies.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 56–59; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 73–76. Candidates Nomination rules For the Congress, secular Spanish males of voting age, with full civil rights, could run for election. Causes of ineligibility applied to those excluded from voting or meeting any of the incompatibility rules for deputies, as well as to:Constitution 1876 art. 29; Law of 26 June 1890 arts. 2–5. Public contractors, within their relevant territories; Holders of a number of territorial posts (such as government-appointed positions, not including government ministers and Central Administration employees; local and provincial employees; and provincial deputation members), within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to one year afterwards. For the Senate, eligibility was limited to Spanish males over 35 years of age not under criminal prosecution, disfranchisement nor asset seizure, and who either qualified as senators in their own right or belonged (or had belonged) to certain categories:Constitution 1876 arts. 22 & 26; Law of 8 February 1877 art. 4. Provided an income of Pts 7,500: the presidents of the Senate and the Congress; deputies serving in three different congresses or eight terms; government ministers; bishops; grandees of Spain not eligible as senators in their own right; and various senior officials after two years of service (such as certain general officers—lieutenant generals and vice admirals—and members of higher courts and state institutions);"State" heads of diplomatic missions abroad (ambassadors after two years, and plenipotentiaries after four); heads and full academics in the royal academies; chief engineers; and full professors with four years of service; Provided an income of Pts 20,000 or being taxpayers with a minimum quota of Pts 4,000 in direct taxes (paid two years in advance): Spanish nobility; and former deputies, provincial deputies or mayors in provincial capitals or towns over 20,000; Having served as senators before the promulgation of the 1876 Constitution. Other ineligibility provisions for the Senate also applied to a number of territorial officials within their areas of jurisdiction, during their term of office and up to three months afterwards; public contractors; tax collectors; and public debtors.Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–6. Incompatibility rules barred representing multiple constituencies simultaneously, as well as combining:Constitution 1876 arts. 25 & 31; Law of 8 February 1877 arts. 5–10; Law of 7 March 1880 arts. 1–4 (am. amended by Law of 31 July 1887 single art.); Law of 26 June 1890 art. 81. The role of senator with other legislative roles (deputy, senator and local councillor, except those in Madrid; and provincial deputies within their respective provinces); or with any public post not explicitly permitted under Senate eligibility requirements; The role of deputy with any other civil, military or judicial post, with exceptions—and as many as 40 deputies allowed to simultaneously benefit from these—including a number of specific posts based in Madrid, such as any of the aforementioned ones (provided a public salary of Pts 12,500); senior court officials; university authorities and professors; chief engineers; and general officers. Results Congress of Deputies + ← Summary of the 10 September 1905 Congress of Deputies election results → center|400px Parties and alliances Popular vote Seats Votes % Liberal Party–Liberal Democratic Party (PL–PLD) 226 Conservative Party (PC) 105 Republican Union (UR) 25 Villaverdist Conservatives (V) 16 Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) 7 Regionalist League (LR) 7 Federal Republican Party (PRF) 5 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 4 Integrist Party (PI) 3 Independents (INDEP) 6 Total 404 Votes cast / turnout Abstentions Registered voters SourcesArmengol i Segú Varela Ortega 2001 655–77611 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=4ba826a8-5b58-4a3a-a04f-898930311bd5 La jornada electoral de ayer es National Library of Spain El Correo Español 31 October 202211 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=a4695ddf-72bd-421d-9916-b827d77c7250&page=2 Noticias oficiales es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 31 October 202211 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=86498f92-0811-4366-8aa9-39a3aca93710&page=2 Las elecciones generales es National Library of Spain La Época 31 October 202212 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=49501127-324c-4baa-8443-00442e92f194 El futuro Congreso es National Library of Spain La Correspondencia de España 31 October 202212 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=5651dda8-5b1a-4020-87d1-75a6a1689cbb&page=2 Las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Globo 31 October 202212 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=6dc0cb0e-1eda-4639-b05f-7f61397b668e Las elecciones es National Library of Spain La Época 31 October 202213 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=0c8b2c87-ab12-427a-b75f-b39e37b0ccb4 Las elecciones es National Library of Spain El Liberal 31 October 202213 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=69f1d89a-a6d2-457f-a5cf-0eb5415efd94&page=3 El nuevo Congreso es National Library of Spain El País 31 October 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PL–PLD Liberal Union (Spain, Restoration) 55.94 PC Conservative Party (Spain) 25.99 UR Republican Union (Spain, 1903) 6.19 V Villaverdists 3.96 PLR Liberal Reformist Party (Spain) 1.73 LR Regionalist League 1.73 PRF Federal Democratic Republican Party 1.24 CT Traditionalist Communion 0.99 PI Integrist Party 0.74 INDEP Independent politician 1.49 Senate + ← Summary of the 24 September 1905 Senate of Spain election results → center|375px Parties and alliances Seats Liberal Party–Liberal Democratic Party (PL–PLD) 109 Conservative Party (PC) 47 Villaverdist Conservatives (V) 4 Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 2 Regionalist League (LR) 2 Republican Union (UR) 1 Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) 1 Federal Republican Party (PRF) 1 Independents (INDEP) 4 Archbishops (ARCH) 9 Total elective seats 180 Sources25 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=c65d4686-60ba-4b33-933b-a6c9b28c20d4 La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Imparcial 31 October 202225 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=7879ecaa-f73b-400c-8245-302541c7fe64 Los nuevos senadores es National Library of Spain El Correo Español 31 October 202225 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=d70eaed8-c05e-4752-911e-8bca2e7679de&page=2 Elección de senadores es National Library of Spain El Siglo Futuro 31 October 202225 September 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=b79a0ddc-1c33-435a-8ea4-64efc91e7d71&page=2 La elección de senadores es National Library of Spain La Época 31 October 20221 January 1906 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=89cf870b-0573-4036-8c0b-fe990b709726&page=393 Septiembre de 1905. Día 24. Elección de Senadores es National Library of Spain El Año Político 31 October 2022 Seats #ddd 550px 500px PL–PLD Liberal Union (Spain, Restoration) 60.00 PC Conservative Party (Spain) 26.67 V Villaverdists 2.22 CT Traditionalist Communion 1.11 LR Regionalist League 1.11 UR Republican Union (Spain, 1903) 0.56 PLR Liberal Reformist Party (Spain) 0.56 PRF Federal Democratic Republican Party 0.56 INDEP Independent politician 2.22 ARCH Nonpartisan 5.00 Distribution by group + Summary of political group distribution in the 12th Restoration Cortes (1905–1907) Group Parties and alliances C Congress of Deputies S Senate Total PL–PLD Liberal Party–Liberal Democratic Party (PL–PLD) 225 107 334 Basque Dynastics (Urquijist) (DV) 1 1 PC Conservative Party (PC) 105 48 153 UR Republican Union (UR) 25 1 26 V Villaverdist Conservatives (V) 16 4 20 LR Regionalist League (LR) 7 2 9 PLR Liberal Reformist Party (PLR) 7 1 8 PRF Federal Republican Party (PRF) 5 1 6 CT Traditionalist Communion (Carlist) (CT) 4 2 6 PI Integrist Party (PI) 3 0 3 INDEP Independents (INDEP) 5 4 10 Independent Catholics (CAT) 1 0 ARCH Archbishops (ARCH) 0 9 9 Total 404 180 584 See also Encasillado Notes References Bibliography Legislation 30em y Ley mandando que los distritos para las elecciones de Diputados a Cortes sean los que se expresan en la división adjunta Law 1 January 1871 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1871/027/A00217-00232.pdf 21 August 2022 Law of 1 January 1871 y Constitución de la Monarquía Española Constitution 30 June 1876 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1876/184/A00009-00012.pdf 19 August 2022 Constitution 1876 y Ley electoral de Senadores Law 8 February 1877 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1877/041/A00373-00375.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 8 February 1877 y Ley electoral de los Diputados a Cortes Law 28 December 1878 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1878/364/A00885-00890.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 28 December 1878 y Ley enumerando los empleos con los cuales es compatible el cargo de Diputado a Cortes Law 7 March 1880 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1880/069/A00623-00623.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 7 March 1880 y Ley dividiendo la provincia de Guipúzcoa en distritos para la elección de Diputados a Cortes Law 23 June 1885 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1885/175/A00877-00878.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 23 June 1885 y Ley dividiendo el distrito electoral de Tarrasa en dos, que se denominarán de Tarrasa y de Sabadell Law 18 January 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/022/A00211-00211.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 18 January 1887 y Ley reformando el art. 4º. de la ley de Incompatibilidades Law 31 July 1887 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1887/216/A00347-00347.pdf 15 August 2025 Law of 31 July 1887 y Ley fijando la división de la provincia de Álava en distritos electorales para Diputados a Cortes Law 10 July 1888 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1888/193/A00117-00117.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 10 July 1888 y Ley electoral para Diputados a Cortes Law 26 June 1890 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1890/180/A00901-00908.pdf 19 August 2022 Law of 26 June 1890 y Ley disponiendo que las primeras y sucesivas elecciones que se verifiquen en la provincia de Zamora se dividirá en siete distritos en la forma que se expresa Law 18 June 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/170/A01001-01001.pdf 14 August 2025 Law of 18 June 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral de las provincias de León y Vizcaya Law 2 August 1895 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1895/216/A00457-00458.pdf 6 May 2023 Law of 2 August 1895 y Leyes aprobando la división electoral en las provincias de Sevilla y de Barcelona Law 5 July 1898 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1898/190/A00140-00140.pdf 22 September 2022 Law of 5 July 1898 y Real decreto disponiendo el número de Senadores que han de elegir las provincias que se citan Royal Decree 16 March 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://www.boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/076/A01021-01021.pdf 11 October 2025 Royal Decree of 16 March 1899 y Ley mandando que en lo sucesivo sean cuatro los Diputados a Cortes que elegirá la circunscripción electoral de Cartagena Law 7 August 1899 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1899/222/A00517-00517.pdf 10 October 2022 Law of 7 August 1899 y Ley estableciendo una circunscripción para elegir tres Diputados a Cortes, que la constituirán los cuatro partidos judiciales de Ayamonte, Hueva, Moguer y la Palma, con todas las poblaciones que de ellos forman parte Law 24 March 1902 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1902/086/A01315-01315.pdf 30 October 2022 Law of 24 March 1902 y Ley sancionada por S. M. formando un solo distrito electoral para Diputados a Cortes con los de Las Palmas y Guía Law 5 April 1904 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1904/101/A00131-00131.pdf 1 November 2022 Law of 5 April 1904 y Real decreto declarando disuelto el Congreso de los Diputados y la parte electiva del Senado, y disponiendo que las Cortes se reúnan en Madrid el día 11 de Octubre próximo Royal Decree 17 August 1905 Madrid Gazette es https://boe.es/datos/pdfs/BOE//1905/231/A00649-00649.pdf 18 August 2025 Royal Decree of 17 August 1905 Other 30em Soldevilla Fernando 1903 El Año Político 1902 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=494b5287-7ea3-4eb8-9839-26badd0c878b&page=1 es Madrid National Library of Spain 25 August 2025 Soldevilla Fernando 1904 El Año Político 1903 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=d6250297-d522-4fd3-b6a5-07f0a5dc57c9&page=1 es Madrid National Library of Spain 25 August 2025 Soldevilla Fernando 1905 El Año Político 1904 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=3d4c8f90-ebb4-4c39-80e3-fc6bec237f71&page=1 es Madrid National Library of Spain 25 August 2025 Soldevilla Fernando 1906 El Año Político 1905 https://hemerotecadigital.bne.es/hd/es/viewer?id=89cf870b-0573-4036-8c0b-fe990b709726&page=1 es Madrid National Library of Spain 25 August 2025 Fernández Almagro Melchor 1943 Las Cortes del siglo XIX y la práctica electoral https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2022-01/6973rep009-010430.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 9–10 383–419 0048-7694 16 December 2020 Calero Antonio María 1987 La prerrogativa regia en la Restauración: teoría y práctica (1875-1902) https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/16390repne055275.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 55 273–315 0048-7694 Ortega Álvarez Luis Santaolaya Machetti Pablo 1996 Evolución histórica del sistema electoral español https://revista.cortesgenerales.es/rcg/article/view/784 es Cortes Generales Revista de las Cortes Generales 37 0213-0130 10.33426/rcg/1996/37/784 65–107 free Martorell Linares Miguel Ángel 1997 La crisis parlamentaria de 1913-1917. La quiebra del sistema de relaciones parlamentarias de la Restauración https://www.cepc.gob.es/sites/default/files/2021-12/17089repne096139.pdf Madrid Centre for Political and Constitutional Studies es Revista de Estudios Políticos 96 137–161 0048-7694 Martínez Ruiz Enrique Maqueda Abreu Consuelo De Diego Emilio 1999 Atlas histórico de España. El Reinado de Alfonso XIII (1902-1931) https://books.google.com/books?id=U_RL9S5uSF8C&pg=PA121 es 2 Bilbao Ediciones KAL 121–132 9788470903502 Armengol i Segú Josep Varela Ortega José 2001 El poder de la influencia: geografía del caciquismo en España (1875-1923) https://books.google.com/books?id=QY99T3Mg5ykC es Madrid Marcial Pons 655–776 9788425911521 Comín Comín Francisco 2002 Raimundo Fernández Villaverde: un ministro de Hacienda ejemplar https://racmyp.es/wp-content/uploads/2023/06/A79-27.pdf es Anales de la Real Academia de Ciencias Morales y Políticas 1 637–675 0210-4121 Royal Academy of Moral and Political Sciences 25 August 2025 García Muñoz Montserrat 2002 La documentación electoral y el fichero histórico de diputados https://revistas.ucm.es/index.php/RGID/article/view/RGID0202120093A es Revista General de Información y Documentación 12 1 93–137 1132-1873 13 September 2020 Carreras de Odriozola Albert Tafunell Sambola Xavier 2005 1989 Estadísticas históricas de España, siglos XIX-XX http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf es 1 Bilbao Fundación BBVA 1072–1097 II 84-96515-00-1 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20150924010950/http://www.fbbva.es/TLFU/dat/autores.pdf 24 September 2015 dmy-all Martínez Relanzón Alejandro Political Modernization in Spain Between 1876 and 1923 https://journals.umcs.pl/k/article/view/4152/5068 Madrid Maria Curie-Skłodowska University Annales Universitatis Mariae Curie-Skłodowska, Sectio K 24 1 2017 10.17951/k.2017.24.1.145 145–154 159328027 free Serrano Lahoz Manuel Los partidos republicanos durante la Restauración (1874-1931) https://zaguan.unizar.es/record/94607/files/TAZ-TFG-2020-2563.pdf BA 2020 es University of Zaragoza 24 August 2025 Royal Academy of History https://historia-hispanica.rah.es/ Historia Hispánica 2022 es Historia Hispánica Category:1905 elections in Spain 1905 Category:September 1905 in Europe