1810–11 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1810–11 United States Senate elections United States 1795 legislative no 1808–09 United States Senate elections 1808 & 1809 1812–13 United States Senate elections 1812 & 1813 Class 2 1804–05 United States Senate elections 1804 & 1805 1816–17 United States Senate elections 1816 & 1817 11 of the 34 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 18 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up Races won Democratic-Republican Party 26 26 8 8 Federalist Party 8 7 1 2 1 Majority Party Democratic-Republican Party Democratic-Republican Party File:1810senatemap.svg Results:#f2bfa6 Federalist hold #bef3be Dem-Republican hold #000000ff Legislature Failed To Elect The 1810–11 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1810 and 1811, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. The Democratic-Republican Party maintained their Senate majority. The minority Federalist Party had gone into the elections with such a small share of Senate seats (8 out of 34, or 23.5%) that, had they won all of the elections, they would still not have reached a majority. Change in composition Senate Composition in 1809 Democratic-Republicans: 28 seats Federalists: 6 seats Senate Composition in 1811 Democratic-Republicans: 30 seats Federalists: 6 seats Key Changes Democratic-Republicans: The Democratic-Republicans gained 2 seats, increasing their majority from 28 to 30 seats. Federalists: The number of Federalist seats remained unchanged at 6. Context The Democratic-Republican Party continued to dominate the United States Senate during this period, reflecting the broader political landscape of the early 19th century. Following the decline of the Federalist Party after the election of 1800, Democratic-Republicans held a clear majority in both chambers of Congress for much of the decade. This dominance allowed the party to influence legislative priorities and shape national policy. The political environment of the time was strongly influenced by growing tensions between the United States and Great Britain. Disputes over maritime rights, trade restrictions, and the impressment of American sailors by the British Royal Navy contributed to increasing public and political pressure for a more assertive response. These issues became central topics of debate in Congress and played a significant role in shaping the legislative agenda. During this period, members of Congress also focused on matters related to national defense, trade policy, and the protection of American shipping interests. Several Democratic-Republican leaders supported stronger measures against Britain, while some Federalists expressed concern about the economic and military consequences of escalating conflict. These divisions reflected broader regional and political differences within the United States. The political debates of this era ultimately contributed to the conditions that led to the outbreak of the War of 1812. As tensions intensified, congressional discussions increasingly centered on national sovereignty, security, and the future direction of American foreign policy.U.S. Senate: Party Division https://www.senate.gov/history/partydiv.htm 2024-07-29 www.senate.gov DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 Majority → DR18Ga. GeorgiaRan F8Mass. MassachusettsRan DR26Va. VirginiaRan DR25Tenn. TennesseeRan DR24S.C. South CarolinaRetired DR23R.I. Rhode IslandUnknown DR22N.C. North CarolinaRan DR21N.J. New JerseyRan DR20N.H. New HampshireRan DR19Ky. KentuckyRetired F7Del. DelawareRan F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 Result of the regular elections DR7 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 DR15 DR16 DR17 Majority → DR18Ga. GeorgiaRe-elected V1Mass. MassachusettsF Loss DR26Va. VirginiaRe-elected DR25Tenn. TennesseeRe-elected DR24S.C. South CarolinaHold DR23R.I. Rhode IslandHold DR22N.C. North CarolinaRe-elected DR21N.J. New JerseyRe-elected DR20N.H. New HampshireRe-elected DR19Ky. KentuckyHold F7Del. DelawareRe-elected F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 Key DR# Democratic-Republican F# Federalist V# Vacant Race summaries Except if/when noted, number following candidates is whole number votes. Special elections during the 11th Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated during 1810 or before March 4, 1811; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Kentucky(Class 2) Buckner Thruston Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent resigned December 18, 1809, to become a judge on the United States Circuit Court of the District of Columbia.New senator elected January 4, 1810.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Henry Clay (Democratic-Republican) 61 Democratic-Republican PartyWilliam Logan (Democratic-Republican) 31 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 July 15, 2026 Kentucky 1810 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/3t945r22p, citing National Intelligencer (Washington, DC). January 22, 1810. Pennsylvania Democrat (Philadelphia, PA). January 26, 1810. Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). January 30, 1810. Election of United States Senators by the General Assembly (typed manuscript). Kentucky Historical Society, Frankfort. Delaware(Class 1) Samuel White Federalist 1801 (appointed)1802 (special)18031809 Incumbent died November 4, 1809.New senator elected January 12, 1810.Federalist hold. Federalist Party Outerbridge Horsey (Federalist) 27 Blank 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 25, 2018 Delaware 1810 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1810 February 27, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200227160350/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1810 dead , citing Journal of the Delaware House of Representatives, 1810. 26. New Hampshire(Class 3) Nahum Parker Democratic-Republican 1807 Incumbent resigned June 1, 1810.New senator elected June 21, 1810.Federalist gain. Federalist Party Charles Cutts (Federalist)Cutts Charles Cutts (NH) has conflicting accounts of whether he was a Democratic-Republican or a Federalist. 99 Federalist PartyThomas W. Thompson (Federalist) 73 Democratic-Republican PartyJedediah K. Smith (Democratic-Republican) 4 Federalist PartyOliver Peabody (Federalist) 2 Democratic-Republican PartyIsaac Hill (Democratic-Republican) 1 Nay 5 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 25, 2018 New Hampshire 1810 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator2.1810 March 14, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200314013831/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator2.1810 dead , citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). June 26, 1810. Connecticut(Class 1) James Hillhouse Federalist 1796 (special)179718031809 Incumbent resigned June 10, 1810.New senator elected in June 1810.Federalist hold. Federalist Party Samuel W. Dana (Federalist) 137 Democratic-Republican PartyAsa Spalding (Democratic-Republican) 19 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 26, 2018 Connecticut 1810 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.ussenator.1810 July 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190716120651/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.ussenator.1810 dead , citing Connecticut Mirror (Hartford, CT). June 4, 1810. June 12, 1810 Connecticut https://chroniclingamerica.loc.gov/lccn/sn84024736/1810-06-12/ed-1/ The enquirer Richmond, Va. 3 19 December 2021 Ohio(Class 1) Return J. Meigs Jr. Democratic-Republican 1808 (special)1808 Incumbent resigned December 8, 1810, to become Governor of Ohio.New senator elected December 15, 1810 on the sixth ballot.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Thomas Worthington (Democratic-Republican) 35 Democratic-Republican PartySamuel Huntington (Democratic-Republican) 31 Democratic-Republican PartyJames Pritchard (Democratic-Republican) 2 UnknownGeorge Tod (Unknown) Eliminated Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Bigger (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated Democratic-Republican PartyThomas Kirker (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated Democratic-Republican PartyThomas Morris (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated Democratic-Republican PartyJames Caldwell (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated Ohio in Congress from 1803 to 1901 with Notes and Sketches of Senators and Representatives and Other Historical Data and Incidents Taylor William A. 1900 The XX. Century Publishing Co. Columbus, Ohio Taylor https://books.google.com/books?id=ZLITAAAAYAAJ Google Books Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 26, 2018 Ohio 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 6 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:oh.ussenate.ballot6.1810 March 5, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200305191342/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:oh.ussenate.ballot6.1810 dead , citing Muskingum Messenger (Zanesville, OH). December 8, 1810. Liberty Hall (Cincinnati, OH). December 24, 1810. The Western Spy (Cincinnati, OH). December 29, 1810, Taylor William A. Ohio Statesmen and Annals of Progress: From the year 1788 to the year 1900 Columbus, Ohio Press of the Westbote 1899 68 South Carolina(Class 2) Thomas Sumter Democratic-Republican 1801 (special)1804 Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810.New senator elected December 18, 1810 on the third ballot.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner also elected to the next term; see below. Democratic-Republican Party John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 83 Democratic-Republican PartyJoseph Alston (Democratic-Republican) 74 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 South Carolina 1810 U.S. Senate, Special, Ballot 3 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.third.1810 March 14, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200314204945/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.third.1810 dead , citing The Spirit of 'Seventy-Six (Washington, DC). January 1, 1811. Races leading to the 12th Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1811 (except where noted due to late election); ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Delaware James A. Bayard Federalist 1804 (special)1805 Incumbent re-elected January 8, 1811. Federalist Party James A. Bayard (Federalist) 17 Democratic-Republican PartyJames Tilton (Democratic-Republican) 9 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 25, 2018 Delaware 1811 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1811 July 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190716123455/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:de.ussenator.1811 dead , citing American Watchman; and Delaware Republican (Wilmington, DE). January 12, 1811. Georgia William H. Crawford Democratic-Republican 1807 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1810 or 1811. Democratic-Republican Party William H. Crawford (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 Kentucky Henry Clay Democratic-Republican 1810 (special) Incumbent retired to run for U.S. House of Representatives.New senator elected January 8, 1811.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party George M. Bibb (Democratic-Republican) 77 Democratic-Republican PartyChristopher Greenup (Democratic-Republican) 20 Democratic-Republican PartyMatthew Lyon (Democratic-Republican) 0 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 Kentucky 1811 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1811 March 17, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200317193407/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1811 dead , citing The Reporter (Lexington, KY). January 12, 1811. Massachusetts Timothy Pickering Federalist 1803 (special)1805 Incumbent lost re-election.Legislature failed to elect due to partisan deadlock in the Massachusetts Senate.Federalist loss. Federalist PartyTimothy Pickering (Federalist) Democratic-Republican PartyJoseph B. Varnum (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyWilliam King (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyRichard Cutts (Democratic-Republican) UnknownPerez Morton (Unknown) Federalist PartyJosiah Quincy III (Federalist) UnknownJoseph Sprague (Unknown) Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 Massachusetts 1810 U.S. Senate, House of Representatives Vote https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.housevote.1810 February 27, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200227160949/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.housevote.1810 dead , citing Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). June 9, 1810. Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 Massachusetts 1810 U.S. Senate, State Senate Vote, Ballot 4 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.senatevote4.1810 August 20, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200820145236/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.senatevote4.1810 dead , citing Columbian Centinel. Massachusetts Federalist (Boston, MA). June 16, 1810. New Hampshire Nicholas Gilman Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent re-elected June 21, 1810, on the fourth ballot. Democratic-Republican Party Nicholas Gilman (Democratic-Republican) Democratic-Republican PartyJedediah K. Smith (Democratic-Republican) 78 Democratic-Republican PartyCharles Cutts (Democratic-Republican)Cutts 1 Federalist PartyOliver Peabody (Federalist) 1 Nay 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 25, 2018 New Hampshire 1810 U.S. Senate, Ballot 4 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator1d.1810 March 15, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200315131226/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator1d.1810 dead , citing Concord Gazette (Concord, NH). June 26, 1810. Farmer's Museum (Walpole, NH). July 2, 1810. New Jersey John Condit Democratic-Republican 1803 (appointed)1803 (special)1809 (lost)1809 (appointed)1809 (special) Incumbent re-elected November 1, 1810. Democratic-Republican Party John Condit (Democratic-Republican) Unopposed Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 22, 2018 New Jersey 1810 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1810 March 4, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200304215946/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nj.ussenate.1810 dead , citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 9, 1810. North Carolina James Turner Democratic-Republican 1804 Incumbent re-elected November 28, 1810 on the third vote. Democratic-Republican Party James Turner (Democratic-Republican) 106 Democratic-Republican PartyDavid Stone (Democratic-Republican) 83 Blank 1 Democratic-Republican PartyBenjamin Smith (Democratic-Republican) Eliminated UnknownThomas Davis (Unknown) Eliminated Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 22, 2018 North Carolina 1810 U.S. Senate, Ballot 3 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator3.1810 March 15, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200315192527/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator3.1810 dead , citing The True Republican, and Newbern Weekly Advertiser (New Bern, NC). December 5, 1810. Rhode Island Elisha Mathewson Democratic-Republican 1807 (special) Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected November 2, 1810.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Jeremiah B. Howell (Democratic-Republican) 42 Federalist PartyJames Burrill Jr. (Federalist) 41 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 19, 2018 Rhode Island 1810 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator.1810 June 2026 InternetArchiveBot , citing The Columbian Phenix (Providence, RI). November 3, 1810. South Carolina Thomas Sumter Democratic-Republican 1801 (special)1809 Incumbent resigned December 16, 1810.New senator elected December 18, 1810 on the third ballot.Democratic-Republican hold.Winner also elected to finish the current term; see above. Democratic-Republican Party John Taylor (Democratic-Republican) 83 Democratic-Republican PartyJoseph Alston (Democratic-Republican) 74 Tennessee Jenkin Whiteside Democratic-Republican 1809 (special) Incumbent re-elected early October 28, 1809. Democratic-Republican Party Jenkin Whiteside (Democratic-Republican) 39 Unopposed Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 Tennessee 1809 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.Oct.1809 December 14, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191214070319/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.Oct.1809 dead , citing Journal of the Tennessee House of Representatives, 1809. 115. Virginia William B. Giles Democratic-Republican 1804 (appointed)1804 (special)1804 Incumbent re-elected January 2, 1811. Democratic-Republican Party William B. Giles (Democratic-Republican) 123 Scattering 15 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 22, 2018 Virginia 1811 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:va.ussenate.a.1811 June 2026 InternetArchiveBot , citing Independent American (Georgetown, DC). January 8, 1811. Special elections during the 12th Congress In these special elections, the winners were seated in 1811 after March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Massachusetts(Class 2) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect; see above.New senator elected late June 6, 1811 on the second ballot.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Joseph Varnum (Democratic-Republican) 341 Federalist PartyTimothy Pickering (Federalist) 267 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 Massachusetts 1811 U.S. Senate, State Senate Vote, Ballot 2 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.senatevote2.1811 July 20, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190720120100/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.senatevote2.1811 dead , citing American Watchman; and Delaware Republican (Wilmington, DE). June 15, 1811. Norfolk Gazette and Publick Ledger (Norfolk, VA). June 17, 1811. Republican Star or Eastern Shore General Advertiser (Easton, MD). June 18, 1811. Tennessee(Class 2) Jenkin Whiteside Democratic-Republican 1809 (special) Incumbent resigned October 8, 1811.New senator elected October 1, 1811.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party George W. Campbell (Democratic-Republican) 38 Unopposed Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 29, 2018 Tennessee 1811 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.special.1811 July 9, 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210709181352/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:tn.ussenate.special.1811 dead , citing Wilson's Knoxville Gazette (Knoxville, TN). October 7, 1811. Rhode Island(Class 1) Christopher G. Champlin Federalist 1809 (special) Incumbent resigned October 12, 1811.New senator elected October 28, 1811.Federalist hold. Federalist Party William Hunter (Federalist) Unanimous Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 19, 2018 Rhode Island 1811 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator.1811 March 17, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200317220511/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ri.ussenator.1811 dead , citing The True American and Commercial Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). November 8, 1811. Connecticut (special) List of United States senators from Connecticut 1810 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut October 2019 Delaware List of United States senators from Delaware 1810 United States House of Representatives election in Delaware Delaware (regular) October 2019 Delaware (special) October 2019 Georgia List of United States senators from Georgia 1810 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia October 2019 Kentucky List of United States senators from Kentucky 1810 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky October 2019 Kentucky (regular) Kentucky (special) Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts 1810–1811 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts Massachusetts (regular) October 2019 Massachusetts (special) October 2019 New Hampshire List of United States senators from New Hampshire 1810–1811 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire New Hampshire (regular) October 2019 New Hampshire (special) October 2019 New Jersey List of United States senators from New Jersey 1810 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey October 2019 North Carolina List of United States senators from North Carolina 1810 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina October 2019 Ohio (special) List of United States senators from Ohio 1810 United States House of Representatives election in Ohio October 2019 Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode Island 1810 United States House of Representatives election in Rhode Island Rhode Island (regular) October 2019 Rhode Island (special) October 2019 South Carolina List of United States senators from South Carolina 1810 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina South Carolina (regular) October 2019 South Carolina (special) October 2019 Tennessee List of United States senators from Tennessee 1811 United States House of Representatives elections in Tennessee Tennessee (regular) October 2019 Tennessee (special) October 2019 Virginia List of United States senators from Virginia 1811 United States House of Representatives elections in Virginia October 2019 See also 1810 United States elections 1810–11 United States House of Representatives elections 11th United States Congress 12th United States Congress Notes References External links Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov