1791 in science

none 1791 science 1791 thumb | 220x124px | right The year 1791 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology Jean Baptiste François Pierre Bulliard begins publication of Histoire des champignons de la France, a significant text in mycology. Luigi Galvani publishes his discoveries in "animal electricity" (Galvanism).In the treatise "De viribus electricitatis in motu musculari commentarius" ("Commentary on the Force of Electricity on Muscular Motion") published in the proceedings of the Institute of Sciences at Bologna (vol. 7) and separately at Modena the following year. Chemistry Nicolas Leblanc patents the Leblanc process for the production of soda ash (sodium carbonate) from common salt (sodium chloride). The element Titanium is discovered included in ilmenite in Cornwall, England, by local amateur geologist Rev. William Gregor.Reported to the Royal Geological Society of Cornwall and in Crell's Annalen. Nature's Building Blocks: An A-Z Guide to the Elements Emsley John Oxford University Press 2001 978-0-19-850340-8 Titanium 452 https://archive.org/details/naturesbuildingb0000emsl/page/452 Medicine May 7 – Irish surgeon Samuel Croker-King first describes his trepanning device.Description of an Instrument for Performing the Operation of Trepanning the Skull, with More Ease, Safety and Expedition, than Those Now in General Use Samuel Croker King Transactions of the Royal Irish Academy Dublin 4 1790–1792 119–139 30078668 Metrology March – In France, the National Constituent Assembly accepts the recommendation of its Commission of Weights and Measures that the nation should adopt the metric system. Physics Pierre Prévost shows that all bodies radiate heat, no matter how hot or cold they are. Technology James Rumsey is granted a patent related to fluid power engineering, in England.British patent no. 1825. Publications Sir John Sinclair's Statistical Account of Scotland begins publication, introducing the term Statistics into English.Ball Philip Critical Mass Farrar, Straus & Giroux 2004 978-0-374-53041-9 53 Awards Copley Medal: James Rennell; Jean-André DelucCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 21 July 2020 en Births March 20 – John Farey, English mechanical engineer and technical writer (died 1851) April 9 – George Peacock, English mathematician (died 1858) April 27 – Samuel F. B. Morse, American inventor (died 1872) July 13 – Allan Cunningham, English botanist and explorer (died 1839) July 27 – Jean-Nicolas Gannal, French pharmacist, chemist and inventor (died 1852) September 4 – Robert Knox, Scottish anatomist (died 1862) September 22 – Michael Faraday, English chemist and physicist (died 1867) September 23 – Johann Franz Encke, German astronomer (died 1865) December 26 – Charles Babbage, English mathematician and inventor of computing machines (died 1871) Deaths July 24 – Ignaz von Born, Hungarian metallurgist (born 1742) Date unknown – Maria Petraccini, Italian anatomist and physician (died 1759) References Category:18th century in science Category:1790s in science