1232

February 2011 1232 1232 thumb|right|Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent kneeling at an altar, by Matthew of Paris. Year 1232 (MCCXXXII) was a leap year starting on Thursday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe June 15 – Battle of Agridi: The Cypriot army under King Henry I ("the Fat") defeats the Lombard forces of Emperor Frederick II. After the battle, John of Beirut (supported by funds from Henry), hires 13 Genoese war-galleys to aid in the siege of Kyrenia.Steven Runciman (1952). A History of The Crusades. Vol III: The Kingdom of Acre, p. 168. 978-0-241-29877-0. July 16 – Muhammad I is elected as ruler of the Taifa of Arjona. He revolts against Ibn Hud, the independent ruler of Al-Andalus, and takes control of the city, beginning the foundation of the Nasrid dynasty.Peter Linehan David Abulafia The New Cambridge Medieval History c.1198–c.1300 1999 Cambridge University Press 0-521-36289-X 668–673 Linehan, Peter Abulafia, David Chapter 21: Castile, Portugal and Navarre England July 29 – King Henry III dismisses his justiciar (chief justice minister) and regent Hubert de Burgh, Earl of Kent, and replaces him with the Frenchmen Peter des Roches and Peter de Rivaux, thereby irritating his barons.Hywel Williams (2005). Cassell's Chronology of World History, p. 138. 0-304-35730-8. Peter de Rivaux, nephew of Peter des Roches, is made Lord Treasurer of Henry III's household and keeper of the king's wardrobe. This moves him into an important position for controlling the king's affairs. The Domus Conversorum ("House of the Converts"), a building and institution in London for Jewish converts to Christianity, is established by Henry III.Hospitals: Domus conversorum A History of the County of London: Volume 1, London Within the Bars, Westminster and Southwark Page, William London 1909 551–4 British History Online http://www.british-history.ac.uk/vch/london/vol1/pp551-554 2023-03-21 Africa The Almohad army besieges the city of Ceuta, where Abu Musa, rebellious brother of Caliph Idris al-Ma'mun, has received shelter and the support of the population. The Genoese rent a part of their fleet to the rebels, who successfully resist the forces of the caliph. The consequences of this revolt are threefold: the city becomes de facto independent from the Almohads, but its reliance on the Italian maritime powers increases, and the Trans-Saharan trade routes begin to shift eastward, due to the local turmoil.Picard, Christophe (1997). La mer et les musulmans d'Occident VIIIe–XIIIe siècle. Paris: Presses Universitaires de France. Mongol Empire February 9 – Battle of Sanfengshan: The Mongol army (some 50,000 warriors) defeats the Chinese Jin forces near Yuzhou. General Subutai successfully wipes out the last field army of the Jin dynasty – therefore sealing its fate of falling to the Mongol Empire. During the encounter, also called the Battle of the Three-Peak Mountain, Emperor Aizong of Jin orders the Jin army (some 150,000 men) to intercept the Mongols. The Jin soldiers are constantly harassed by small groups of Mongol cavalry on the way. When they arrive at Sanfeng Mountain, the Jin army is hungry and exhausted by heavy snowfall. The Jin forces are quickly defeated by the Mongols and flee in all directions. April 8 – Mongol–Jin War: The Mongol army led by Ögedei Khan and his brother Tolui begins the Siege of Kaifeng (1232), capital of the Chinese Jin dynasty. During the summer, the Jurchens try to end the siege by negotiating a peace treaty, but the assassination of a Mongol embassy makes further talks impossible. While the negotiations are going on, a plague is devastating the population of the city. In the meantime, supplies stored at Kaifeng are running out, and several residents of the city are executed on the suspicion that they are traitors.Franke, Herbert (1994). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 6, Allien Regimes and Border States, 710–1368, p. 263. Cambridge University Press. 978-0-521-24331-5. June – Mongol invasion of Korea: Choe Woo, Korean military dictator of Goryeo, orders against the pleas of King Gojong and his senior officials, the royal court, and most of Songdo's population to be moved to Ganghwa Island. Woo starts the construction of strong defenses on Ganghwa Island, which becomes a fortress. The government orders the common people to flee the countryside and take refuge in major cities, mountain citadels, or nearby islands. The Mongols occupy much of northern Korea, but fail to capture Ganghwa Island. December 16 – Battle of Cheoin: Korean forces defeat a Mongol attack at Cheoin (modern-day Yongin). The Mongol Empire concludes a peace treaty with Goryeo and withdraws its forces. Japan August 27 – The Goseibai Shikimoku code of law is promulgated.Azuma Kagami (Hōjōbon) Scroll 28 ja November 17 – Emperor Go-Horikawa abdicates in favor of his 1-year-old son, Shijō, after an 11-year reign. Because he is very young, most of the actual leadership is held by his relatives. By topic Literature The original set of woodblocks of the Tripitaka Koreana is destroyed by fire during the Second Mongol invasion of Korea. Markets The northern French city of Troyes issues its first recorded life annuities, confirming the trend of consolidation of local public debts initiated in 1218, by the neighboring city of Reims.Zuijderduijn Jaco Medieval Capital Markets. Markets for renten, state formation and private investment in Holland (1300-1550) 2009 Brill Leiden/Boston 978-9-00417565-5 Religion May 30 – Anthony of Padua is canonized by Pope Gregory IX at Spoleto, less than a year after his death.Dal-Gal Niccolò St. Anthony of Padua The Catholic Encyclopedia 1 Robert Appleton Company 1907 https://www.newadvent.org/cathen/01556a.htm 2011-06-13 He becomes the patron saint of lost items. August – Gregory IX is forced to remain in his summer residence at Anagni by Lombard forces from Rome.Gregorovius, Ferdinand. History of the City of Rome in the Middle Ages. 9. p. 164. October 29 – Gregory IX orders the Stedinger Crusade to be proclaimed in northern Germany.Thomas W. Smith https://www.academia.edu/30735419 The Use of the Bible in the Arengae of Pope Gregory IX's Crusade Calls Lapina, Elizabeth Morton, Nicholas The Uses of the Bible in Crusader Sources Brill 2017 206–235 Births March 9 – Chen Wenlong, Chinese scholar-general (d. 1277) November 10 – Haakon the Young, king of Norway (d. 1257) unknown date – Manfred, king of Sicily (House of Hohenstaufen) (d. 1266)Koller Walter http://www.treccani.it/enciclopedia/re-di-sicilia-manfredi_(Dizionario-Biografico) MANFREDI, re di Sicilia Dizionario Biografico it 2007 68 Rome probable – Bernard Saisset, French nobleman and bishop (d. 1314)Bernard Saisset Deaths January 28 – Peire de Montagut, French Grand MasterDemurger Alain Les templiers: une chevalerie chrétienne au Moyen âge 2008 Éd. du Seuil 978-2-7578-1122-1 Nouvelle éd. refondue Points Paris 622Achard Dominique https://books.google.com/books?id=uhBBEAAAQBAJ Les Maîtres du Temple: Hugues Payns 2021-09-03 Éditions Encre Rouge 978-2-37789-852-7 fr February 21 – Myōe, Japanese Buddhist monk (b. 1173) April 10 – Rudolf II, Count of Habsburg ("the Kind"), German nobleman June 7 – Wawrzyniec (bishop of Wrocław) (or Lawrence), Polish bishop July 18 – John de Braose, English nobleman and knight August 24 – Ralph of Bristol, English cleric and bishop October 11 – Gebhard I of Plain, German bishop (b. 1170) October 15 – Albert I of Käfernburg, German archbishop October 17 – Idris al-Ma'mun, ruler of the Almohad Caliphate October 26 – Ranulf de Blondeville, 6th Earl of Chester, English nobleman (b. 1170) December 31 – Patrick I, Earl of Dunbar, Scottish nobleman and knight (b. 1152) Marianus II of Torres, Sardinian Judge of Logudoro References