1919 in women's history

none This is a listing of noteworthy historical events relating to the international women's movement which occurred in 1919. Events January thumb|right|200px|German socialist revolutionary Rosa Luxemburg. January 1919: Czechoslovakia — Under the terms of the Electoral Rules for Settlements in Czechoslovakia, Act 75, adopted in January 1919, men and women in the Czech area of the country were granted equal voting rights in municipal elections.Rodriguez Ruiz Blanca Rubio-Marín Ruth The Struggle for Female Suffrage in Europe: Voting to Become Citizens https://books.google.com/books?id=3KIMwdbG0EcC&pg=PA216 International Studies in Sociology and Social Anthropology 2012 Brill Publishers Leiden, The Netherlands 978-90-04-22425-4 216 1 January 1919: Canada — Women were granted the right to be candidates in federal elections.http://www.elections.ca/res/eim/article_search/article.asp?id=84&lang=e&frmPageSize= Elections Canada Online Electoral Insight 2010-06-14 2012-10-31http://www.canadahistoryproject.ca/1914/1914-08-women-vote.html Women Get the Vote 1916-1919 Canada: A Country by Consent 30 November 2018 15 January 1919: Germany — Revolutionary socialist anti-war activist Rosa Luxemburg was murdered by right wing nationalist soldiers.http://www.socialism.in/index.php/the-murder-of-rosa-luxemburg/ The murder of Rosa Luxemburg Socialism.in 16 January 2013 30 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181130202157/http://www.socialism.in/index.php/the-murder-of-rosa-luxemburg/ 30 November 2018 dead 19 January 1919: Germany — Under the terms of the Weimar Constitution women were accorded equality in access to education, equal opportunity in appointments to the civil service, and equal pay.Stephenson Jill Women in Nazi Society https://books.google.com/books?id=EWAovsVtddUC&pg=PA4 35 2013 Routledge London, England 978-1-136-24740-8 4 26 January 1919: Poland — Five women — Gabriela Balicka-Iwanowska, Jadwiga Dziubińska, Irena Kosmowska, Maria Moczydłowska, and Zofia Moraczewska — were elected to the first Parliament, after the establishment of the Second Polish Republic.Sharp Stibbe 2011 280 February 4 February 1919: Belarus — Women were granted the right to vote and stand in elections.http://womensuffrage.org/?page_id=97 Europe Women Suffrage and Beyond 30 November 2018 2 April 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190402074227/http://womensuffrage.org/?page_id=97 deadBelarus - House of Representatives https://data.ipu.org/node/16/elections/historical-data-on-women?chamber_id=13335 data.ipu.org Inter-Parliamentary Union 16 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181216174017/https://data.ipu.org/node/16/elections/historical-data-on-women?chamber_id=13335 16 December 2018 Geneva, Switzerland 2017 10 February 1919: U.S. Senate defeats women's suffrage amendment.https://www.loc.gov/collections/women-of-protest/articles-and-essays/historial-timeline-of-the-national-womans-party/1918-to-1920/ Women of Protest: Photographs from the Records of the National Woman's Party Library of Congress 30 November 2018 10 February 1919: Paris, France — The Inter-Allied Women's Conference, also known as the Suffragist Conference of the Allied Countries and the United States, convened to compile a list of women's issues to present to the delegates of the Paris Peace Conference,Guerra Elda L'Associazionismo internazionale delle donne tra diritti, democrazia, politiche di pace 1888 - 1939 PhD http://dspace.unitus.it/bitstream/2067/2468/1/eguerra_tesid.pdf Università degli Studi della Tuscia 23 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20170428051009/http://dspace.unitus.it/bitstream/2067/2468/1/eguerra_tesid.pdf 28 April 2017 Viterbo, Italy it 13 July 2012 International Women's Rights Associations, Democracy, Peace Policies 1888 - 1939 76 since they were barred from the official conference.Votes for Women No Peace Problem https://www.newspapers.com/clip/27701948/the_philadelphia_inquirer/ 27 January 2019 The Philadelphia Inquirer 27 January 1919 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 4 Newspapers.com 14–16 February 1919: Georgia — Women participated for the first time in national voting, electing members of the constitutional assembly.Papuashvili George A Retrospective on the 1921 Constitution of the Democratic Republic of Georgia Engage March 2012 13 1 99–104 https://fedsoc-cms-public.s3.amazonaws.com/update/pdf/iTpKonZgtcui09MEHOu6WIv9Qk2DRBQXtvxrPh3h.pdf 1 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180906135918/https://fedsoc-cms-public.s3.amazonaws.com/update/pdf/iTpKonZgtcui09MEHOu6WIv9Qk2DRBQXtvxrPh3h.pdf 6 September 2018 On 2 December 1918 Peri-Khan Sofiyeva (az Pərixan Sofiyeva, ფარიხან სოფიევა), an Azerbaijani woman living in Georgia was elected to serve on a local counsel for the village council of Karajala, in the Kakheti Region, and she began her term as a regional representative in parliamentary elections held in 1919.Məmmədoğlu Mirzə Akakli Xvadagiani. Qarayazı anası – Pərixanım Sofiyeva http://www.turkinfo.org/2017/09/25/akakli-xvadagiani-qarayazi-anasi-p%C9%99rixanim-sofiyeva/ TurkInfo.org Türk Dünyası İnfo 1 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181201201722/http://www.turkinfo.org/2017/09/25/akakli-xvadagiani-qarayazi-anasi-p%C9%99rixanim-sofiyeva/ 1 December 2018 Baku, Azerbaijan az 25 September 2017Dunbar William The world's first democratically elected Muslim woman was from Georgia https://eurasianet.org/the-worlds-first-democratically-elected-muslim-woman-was-from-georgia EurasiaNet Harriman Institute, Columbia University 1 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181201201415/https://eurasianet.org/the-worlds-first-democratically-elected-muslim-woman-was-from-georgia 1 December 2018 New York, New York 8 March 2018 16 February 1919: Austria — Women were allowed to vote for the first time. Eight women were elected, including 7 representatives of the Social Democratic Party of Austria: Anna Boschek, Emmy Freundlich, Adelheid Popp, Gabriele Proft, Therese Schlesinger, Amalie Seidel and Maria Tusch; and 1 for the Christian Social Party: Hildegard Burjan.Bauer-Manhart Ingeborg Suffrage "indiscriminate of sex" - Commemoration and Reflection http://www.wien.gv.at:80/english/history/commemoration/suffrage.html wien.gv.at Vienna City Administration 1 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20101213044758/http://www.wien.gv.at/english/history/commemoration/suffrage.html 2010-12-13 Vienna, Austria 2010 live 22 February 1919:Broadbent S. K. Principal Events of 1919 http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/exans/evt_1920.htm 15 December 2018 Isle of Man Examiner Annual 25 December 1919 https://web.archive.org/web/20160506161557/http://www.isle-of-man.com/manxnotebook/exans/evt_1920.htm 6 May 2016 Douglas, Isle of Man Isle of Man — Women were able to run as candidates in elections for the first time, when universal suffrage was granted, though property restrictions for voters continued until 1969.Votes for Women! http://www.tynwald.org.im/education/women/Pages/VotesForWomen_Timeline.aspx Tynwald.org.im High Court of Tynwald 15 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181130202227/http://www.tynwald.org.im/education/women/Pages/VotesForWomen_Timeline.aspx 30 November 2018 Douglas, Isle of Man 2018 26 February 1919: Maine – The State Senate passed a resolution allowing women to vote for presidential electors.Harper 1922 245 March 6 March 1919: Michigan — Women voted for the first time under a state law which had been approved in November 1918. The first woman to exercise the vote was Rosa John, the wife of a prominent Syrian merchant.Hinkley Justin A. What Michigan women can learn from fight for suffrage 100 years ago https://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/local/capitol/2018/01/21/centennial-michigan-womens-suffrage/1017344001/ 18 December 2018 Lansing State Journal 20 January 2018 https://archive.today/20181218154001/https://www.lansingstatejournal.com/story/news/local/capitol/2018/01/21/centennial-michigan-womens-suffrage/1017344001/ 2018-12-18 Lansing, Michigan live Goff Looks Victor in Judgeship Race https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26322077/goff_looks_victor_in_judgeship_race/ 18 December 2018 The Detroit Free Press 6 March 1919 Detroit, Michigan 3 Newspapers.com 9 March 1919: Italy — The Sacchi Bill was introduced, which eliminated husbands' superiority in family law; giving women the right to control their own property, have equal guardianship of their children, stand for public office and enter professions. (The bill was approved by the Senate commission and passed without change in July).Galeotti Giulia Storia del voto alle donne in Italia: alle radici del difficile rapporto tra donne e politica https://books.google.com/books?id=sVmPAAAAMAAJ 2006 Biblink Rome, Italy it 43 9788888071664 Harper 1922 799 Simultaneously, the Sichel agenda was proposed, which would have given Italian women the vote. Before a vote of the Senate was called, the legislature adjourned.Galeotti 2006 43 10 March 1919: Ukraine — Women were granted the right to vote. 17 March 1919: Canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland — The Council agreed to put the question of women's suffrage on the ballot to be decided by voters.Harper 1922 796 19 March 1919: Maine – The State House passed a resolution allowing women to vote for presidential electors.Harper 1922 245 21 March 1919: Hungarian Soviet Republic — Universal suffrage was extended to trade union members only; with the dissolution of the Republic, in August 1919 the law was overturned and universal suffrage did not exist again until 1945.Sulkunen Irma Nevala-Nurmi Seija-L eena Markkola Pirjo Suffrage, Gender and Citizenship: international perspectives on parliamentary reforms 2009 Cambridge Scholars Newcastle upon Tyne, England 978-1-4438-0162-1 242–243 https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=623110115067019007065022016106114092051040069008061028095107014090008069077122027071123059021013106005121064000100072104082022105043041005072080103000117001016118096056082040090095091079095111003127100084010028075103003076024006004117077027020114001087&EXT=pdf 2020-02-28 2018-12-01 https://web.archive.org/web/20200228151725/https://poseidon01.ssrn.com/delivery.php?ID=623110115067019007065022016106114092051040069008061028095107014090008069077122027071123059021013106005121064000100072104082022105043041005072080103000117001016118096056082040090095091079095111003127100084010028075103003076024006004117077027020114001087&EXT=pdf dead 28 March 1919: Missouri – Women were granted the right to vote for presidential electors by the state legislature. The Governor signed the legislation on 5 April.Harper 1922 359 April 9 April 1919: British East Africa (now Kenya) — Legislators passed in the third reading a franchise bill, Legislative Council Ordinance No.16, giving equal adult suffrage for women and menRoss W. Mcgregor Kenya From Within: A Short Political History 1927 George Allen & Unwin Ltd. London, England 245718452 327 https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.64571 of "pure European descent",Ross 1927 325 who were English-speaking, literate British subjects and owned property. It specifically excluded AfricansLetete E. M. Mare S. Fedderke J. W. The Evolution and Measurement of Institutions and Instability in Kenya, 1880-2010: Is there Evidence of Persistence and Interdependence? 31 October 2011 Economic Research Southern Africa Cape Town, South Africa 25 https://econrsa.org/system/files/workshops/presentations/2011/letete-ersa-paper.pdf 16 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20140224151131/https://econrsa.org/system/files/workshops/presentations/2011/letete-ersa-paper.pdf 24 February 2014 and British subjects from India, or other locations outside of Europe.Sunderland David Uzoigwe Godfrey N. Economic Development of Africa, 1880–1939 https://books.google.com/books?id=H8k3DwAAQBAJ&pg=PT99 5: Labour and Other Aspects of Development 2016 Taylor & Francis New York, New York 978-1-351-22196-2 99 17 April 1919: New Brunswick, Canada — women were granted complete universal suffrage.Harper 1922 764 May 3 May 1919: Atlanta, Georgia — White women were granted the right to vote in municipal elections.Harper 1922 130, 138 8 May 1919: Luxembourg — The constitutional assembly extended the right to vote to all citizens over age 21, regardless of sex. The new constitution went into force on 15 May 1919.Rodriguez Ruiz Rubio-Marín 2012 161 9 May 1919: Belgium — Women, as proxies for heroic men who died in World War I, who were widows or single mothers of servicemen killed in action, who had been political prisoners held by the enemy, or who were themselves involved in the resistance movement were allowed to vote and be candidates.Rodriguez Ruiz Rubio-Marín 2012 411 12–17 May 1919: Zürich, Switzerland — The Second International Women's Congress for Peace and Freedom denounced the final terms of the Treaty of Versailles ending World War I and renamed the peace organization founded in 1915 as the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom.Adams Joshua All Aboard The Peace Train https://armingallsides.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/All-aboard-the-peace-train-with-references1.pdf Arming All Sides On the Record Community Interest Company 27 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190127164550/https://armingallsides.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/All-aboard-the-peace-train-with-references1.pdf 27 January 2019 London, England June 2014 15 May 1919: Isle of Jersey, (Channel Islands) — Single women over age 20 were given the right to vote in local elections.Le Claire P. V. F. States of Jersey: Public Elections—Reduction in Voting Age to 16 https://statesassembly.gov.je/assemblypropositions/2006/10195-17544-6122006.pdf statesassembly.gov.je States of Jersey 15 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181215235129/https://statesassembly.gov.je/assemblypropositions/2006/10195-17544-6122006.pdf 15 December 2018 Saint Helier, Jersey 7 5 December 2006 16 May 1919: Crown Colony of Jamaica, British West Indies — Women of twenty-five years or more, who earned £50 or more per year, or paid taxes of £2 annually became eligible to vote.History this week:Constitutional Developments in British Guiana and Jamaica between 1890 and 1945 (Part 3) https://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/features/05/13/history-this-weekconstitutional-developments-in-british-guiana-and-jamaica-between-1890-and-1945-part-3/ 16 February 2019 Stabroek News 13 May 2010 https://archive.today/20130824053927/http://www.stabroeknews.com/2010/features/05/13/history-this-weekconstitutional-developments-in-british-guiana-and-jamaica-between-1890-and-1945-part-3/ 24 August 2013 Georgetown, Guyana Continuation of the Session of the Honourable Legislative Council https://newspaperarchive.com/politics-clipping-may-17-1919-1045268/ 16 February 2019 The Gleaner 17 May 1919 Kingston, Jamaica 6 Newspaperarchive.com 20 May 1919: France — The Chamber of Deputies passed a bill to grant equal suffrage to women with 377 deputies in favor and 97 against.Oldfield 2003 119 The measure did not pass the Senate, delaying women's voting rights until 1944. 24 May 1919: Sweden — Women were granted the right to vote.https://www.thelocal.se/20180905/how-swedish-women-won-the-right-to-vote How Swedish women won the right to vote Martinez, Victoria The Local 3 September 2018 30 November 2018 June 5 June 1919: The National Suffrage Amendment, the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, passed by Congress.https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/congress-passes-the-19th-amendment 1919: Congress passes the 19th Amendment History 30 November 2018 10 June 1919: Illinois,Harper 1922 164 Wisconsin and Michigan, in that order, became the first three states to ratify the National Suffrage Amendment.https://housedems.com/article/100th-anniversary-women%E2%80%99s-suffrage-michigan 100th Anniversary of Women's Suffrage in Michigan Michigan House: Democrats 10 April 2018 30 November 2018 30 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181130202259/https://housedems.com/article/100th-anniversary-women%E2%80%99s-suffrage-michigan deadTwo States Ratify Votes for Women https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26296631/two_states_ratify_votes_for_women_the/ 17 December 2018 The Ottawa Herald 10 June 1919 Ottawa, Kansas 1 Newspapers.com Wisconsin O.K.'s Suffrage; Illinois First https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26296679/the_capital_times/ 17 December 2018 The Capital Times 10 June 1919 Madison, Wisconsin 1 Newspapers.com Michigan Third to Put O.K. on Suffrage Act https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26296916/detroit_free_press/ 17 December 2018 The Detroit Free Press 10 June 1919 Detroit, Michigan 1 Newspapers.com 15 June 1919: Czechoslovakia — Women and men in the Czech areas first voted under equal suffrage for municipal candidates.Rodriguez Ruiz Rubio-Marín 2012 216 16 June 1919: Kansas, Ohio, and New York, in that order, ratified 19th Amendment.Suffrage is Ratified https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304314/suffrage_is_ratified_the_independence/ 17 December 2018 The Independence Daily Reporter 16 June 1919 Independence, Kansas 1 Newspapers.com Assembly to O. K. Suffrage with Dispatch https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304891/assembly_to_o_k_suffrage_with/ 17 December 2018 The Dayton Daily News 16 June 1919 Dayton, Ohio 9 Newspapers.com Ohio Legislature Favors Suffrage https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304946/ohio_legislature_favors_suffrage_the/ 17 December 2018 The Fremont Daily Messenger 17 June 1919 Fremont, Ohio 1 Newspapers.com Women Suffrage Amendment Wins in Legislature (pt. 1) https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304458/the_new_york_times/ 17 December 2018 The New York Times 17 June 1919 New York, New York 1 Newspapers.com and Women Suffrage Amendment Wins in Legislature (pt. 2) https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26304613/the_new_york_times/ 17 December 2018 The New York Times 17 June 1919 New York, New York 9 Newspapers.com 17 June 1919: Illinois — Because of a minor error in the text of the initial introduction to the resolution to ratify the 19th Amendment, both the State Senate and House reconfirmed ratification of women's suffrage. After submitting a brief to explain the legality of the amendment itself had not been in jeopardy and the second vote was merely a legal formality, Illinois was acknowledged by the U.S. Secretary of State as the first state to ratify the federal amendment.Harper 1922 164 19 June 1919: Pennsylvania — The State Senate ratified the 19th Amendment.Harper 1922 563Pennsylvania Ratifies https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26330756/pennsylvania_ratifies_the_brookville/ 18 December 2018 The Brookville American 26 June 1919 Brookville, Pennsylvania 1 Newspapers.com 21 June 1919: Armenia — The first elections under universal suffrage were held.https://chai-khana.org/en/womens-suffrage-the-armenian-formula Women's Suffrage: The Armenian Formula Badalyan, Lena Chai Khana 5 December 2018 30 November 2018 1 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181201005054/https://chai-khana.org/en/womens-suffrage-the-armenian-formula dead Three women were elected Perchuhi Partizpanyan-Barseghyan, Varvara Sahakyan and Katarine Zalyan-Manukyan, who served until the government collapsed in 1920.Harutyunyan Anahit Առաջին խորհրդարանի (1919-1920) երեք կին պատգամավորները https://www.aniarc.am/2018/03/08/women-1919-1920-mp/ ANI Armenian Research Center Armenian Research Center for Anteriology 11 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20180504044633/https://www.aniarc.am/2018/03/08/women-1919-1920-mp/ 4 May 2018 Yerevan hy 8 March 2018 Three female deputies of the first parliament (1919-1920) 24 June 1919: Pennsylvania — The State House ratified the 19th Amendment, making the state the 7th to endorse the federal amendment. 25 June 1919: Massachusetts — The State House ratified the 19th Amendment by a vote of 185 in favor and 47 against and the State Senate by 34 for and 5 against, making the state the 8th to ratify the federal amendment.Harper 1922 301-302 28 June 1919: Texas — The State legislature ratified the 19th Amendment, making the state the 9th to approve the federal amendment.Harper 1922 643 28–29 June 1919: Canton of Neuchâtel, Switzerland — Voters rejected granting women the right to vote.Harper 1922 797 July thumb|right|200px|Conservative Nancy Astor, first female member of the British parliament. 2 July 1919: Iowa — In a special session of the legislature called by the governor, both the State House and Senate approved ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.Harper 1922 354 3 July 1919: Missouri — Both the State Senate and State House ratified the 19th Amendment.Harper 1922 192 4 July 1919: British Rhodesia — The Women's Enfranchisement Ordinance gained the assent of the High Commissioner allowing women of age 21 or older to vote and serve as members of the Legislative Council, provided they met the occupational and salary qualifications. Married women automatically had the same rights as their husbands, as long as the couple lived together in a non-polygamous relationship and he met the income requirements.Oldfield Sybil International Woman Suffrage https://books.google.com/books?id=qvAZ8MIP4VcC&pg=PA195 4: October 1918 — September 1920 2003 Taylor & Francis New York, New York 978-0-415-25740-4 195 12 July 1919: Isle of Jersey, (Channel Islands) — The passage of the Loi sur les Droits Electoraux gave the vote to married women whose husbands were ratepayers and women over 30 who paid rent of £10 or more per annum. 15 July 1919: The Vatican — Pope Benedict XV issued a declaration in support of women's political rights.Sharp Ingrid Stibbe Matthew Aftermaths of War: Women's movements and female activists, 1918-1923 2011 63 Brill Publishers Leiden, The Netherlands 978-90-04-19172-3 200 https://epdf.tips/aftermaths-of-war-womens-movements-and-female-activists-1918-1923-history-of-war.html 17 July 1919: Alabama — State Senate rejects ratification of the 19th Amendment with a vote of 19 against and 13 in favor.Harper Ida Husted History of Woman Suffrage 1922 6: 1900-1920 J. J. Little & Ives Company for the National Woman Suffrage Association Rochester, New York 963795738 8 https://archive.org/details/historyofwomansu06stanuoft 21 July 1919: Azerbaijan — Women were granted the right to vote.http://www.today.az/news/vdiaspora/87899.html History of Azerbaijani and US women's rights to vote discussed at US Congress Library Today.Az 2012-10-31http://azerbaijan.travel/en/blog/single/26-women-s-right-to-vote-for-the-first-time-on-the-east Women's right to vote – for the first time on the East Azerbaijan 30 November 2018 24 July 1919: Georgia — Both the State Senate and House rejected the ratification of the 19th Amendment to the US Constitution.Harper 1922 141 28 July 1919: Arkansas — After a State Senate vote of 29 in favor and 2 against and House vote of 75 for and 17 against, Arkansas became the 12th state to ratify the 19th Amendment.Harper 1922 21Suffrage is Ratified by Legislature https://www.newspapers.com/clip/13479577/1919729_arkansas_gazette_suffrage_is/ 17 December 2018 239 99 The Arkansas Gazette 29 July 1919 Little Rock, Arkansas 1 Newspapers.com 31 July 1919: Montana — The State Senate ratified the 19th Amendment approving women's suffrage.Lawmakers Wrestle with Problems for Relief for Farmers https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26323950/the_anaconda_standard/ 18 December 2018 The Anaconda Standard 31 July 1919 Anaconda, Montana 5 Newspapers.com House Unanimous in Its Approval (pt. 1) https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26324108/lincoln_journal_star/ 18 December 2018 The Evening State Journal 2 August 1919 Lincoln, Nebraska 1 Newspapers.com and House Unanimous in Its Approval (pt. 2) https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26324136/lincoln_journal_star/ 18 December 2018 The Evening State Journal 2 August 1919 Lincoln, Nebraska 4 Newspapers.com August 2 August 1919: Montana and Nebraska — The Montana State House ratified the 19th Amendment to which the governor immediately affixed his signatureSpeaker Belden Signs Suffrage Amendment https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26323224/speaker_belden_signs_suffrage/ 18 December 2018 The Butte Miner 3 August 1919 Butte, Montana 11 Newspapers.com Governor Signs Bills and Payday Is Here Other Bills Signed https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26323281/the_independentrecord/ 18 December 2018 The Helena Daily Independent 3 August 1919 Helena, Montana 4 Newspapers.com and the Nebraska State legislature unanimously ratified the federal amendment the same day.Nebraska's Legislature Votes to Ratify Suffrage https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26324804/newyork_tribune/ 18 December 2018 The New York Tribune 2 August 1919 New York, New York 11 11 August 1919: Germany — Under the Weimar Constitution, Germany granted women the right to vote.Grolier http://teacher.scholastic.com/activities/suffrage/history.htm History of Women's Suffrage | Scholastic.com Teacher.scholastic.com 1920-08-26 2012-10-31https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/weimar-constitution-adopted-in-germany Weimar Constitution adopted in Germany History 30 November 2018 September September 1919: Luxembourg — Women voted for the first time on a referendum concerning retaining the monarchy.Rodriguez Ruiz Rubio-Marín 2012 1611 8 September 1919: Minnesota — The State House and State Senate ratified the Nineteenth Amendment with votes of 120 to 6 and 60 to 5, respectively.Harper 1922 323 10 September 1919: New Hampshire — The State Senate followed suit with the State House which had ratified the Nineteenth Amendment the previous day and passed the suffrage amendment with a vote of 14 for and 10 against.Harper 1922 409-410 17 September 1919: Alabama — State House rejects ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment with a vote of 60 against and 31 in favor.Harper 1922 8Anthony Amend. in Alabama Is Refused—Settled for next 4 Years https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26294482/the_selma_timesjournal/ 17 December 2018 The Selma Journal 17 September 1919 Selma, Alabama 1 Newspapers.com Alabama would not ratify the amendment until 8 September 1953.Adam's Rib in Alabama https://www.newspapers.com/clip/25170006/the_montgomery_advertiser/ 17 December 2018 The Montgomery Advertiser 9 September 1953 Montgomery, Alabama 4 Newspapers.com 18 September 1919: Netherlands — The Netherlands granted women the right to vote. The right to stand in election had previously been granted in 1917.http://www.db-decision.de/CoRe/Netherlands.htm European Database: Women in Decision-making Country Report Netherlands 2012-10-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20150210081236/http://www.db-decision.de/CoRe/Netherlands.htm 2015-02-10 dead https://dutchreview.com/culture/history/womens-suffrage-in-the-netherlands/ The Fight for Women's Suffrage in the Netherlands Nwanazia, Chuka Dutch Review 30 October 2018 30 November 2018 29–30 September 1919: Utah — At a special legislative session, the State Senate ratified the Nineteenth Amendment on the 29th and the following day the State House followed suit.Harper 1922 649Utah Ratifies the Suffrage Amendment https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26332255/utah_ratifies_the_suffrage_amendment/ 18 December 2018 The Ogden Standard 30 September 1919 Ogden, Utah 6 Newspapers.com October October 1919: Italy — The Chamber of Deputies passed a bill giving literate women 21 and older and illiterate women 30 years and older, who were not criminals, deaf, lunatic, mute, paupers or prostitutes equal rights with male voters effective in 1920 for local elections. Parliament was later dissolved without the Senate voting on the measure.Oldfield 2003 186-187 26 October 1919: Luxembourg — Women participated for the first time in the parliamentary electionsRodriguez Ruiz Rubio-Marín 2012 161http://luxembourg.public.lu/en/le-grand-duche-se-presente/systeme-politique/systeme-electoral/droit-vote/index.html Right to vote Le Gouvernement du Grand-Duché de Luxembourg 30 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181208133753/http://luxembourg.public.lu/en/le-grand-duche-se-presente/systeme-politique/systeme-electoral/droit-vote/index.html 8 December 2018 dead and Marguerite Thomas-Clement was elected, as the first woman parliamentarian.http://www.db-decision.de/CoRe/Luxembourg.htm European Database: Women in Decision-making Country Report Luxembourg 2012-10-31 https://web.archive.org/web/20150923212939/http://www.db-decision.de/CoRe/Luxembourg.htm 2015-09-23 dead 28 October - 6 November 1919: Washington, D. C. — The International Congress of Working Women brought together over 200 women to discuss women's labor issues and present recommendations to the International Labour Organization.Lara Vapnek The 1919 International Congress of Working Women: Transnational Debates on the "Woman Worker" Journal of Women's History Spring 2014 26 1 160–184 https://muse.jhu.edu/article/540504 27 January 2019 Johns Hopkins University Press 1042-7961 subscription Project MUSE 29 October 1919: New Zealand — Women were allowed to stand for election into parliament. Rosetta Baume, Aileen Cooke, and Ellen Melville ran as the first female candidates, though none was elected.http://www.elections.org.nz/study/education-centre/history/votes-for-women.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20121023171127/http://www.elections.org.nz/study/education-centre/history/votes-for-women.html 2012-10-23 Votes for Women Elections New Zealand 2005-04-13 2012-10-31https://nzhistory.govt.nz/page/women-can-stand-parliament Women can stand for Parliament: 29 October 1919 NZ History 30 November 2018 November 1 November 1919: California — In a special legislative session, the State Senate unanimously voted in favor of the Nineteenth Amendment and the State House approved it with a vote of 73 for and 2 against,Harper 1922 58 becoming the 18th state to ratify the federal amendment.Suffrage https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26307178/suffrage_the_nebraska_state_journal/ 17 December 2018 The Nebraska State Journal 5 November 1919 Lincoln, Nebraska 6 Newspapers.com 4 November 1919: Maine – The State Senate ratified the Nineteenth Amendment.Harper 1922 246 5 November 1919: Maine – The State House ratified the Nineteenth Amendment,Harper 1922 246 making Maine the 19th state to approve ratification. 20 November 1919: Lithuania – The Council of Lithuania passed the Law on Elections legalizing universal suffrage to all citizens over the age of 21,Sharp Stibbe 2011 298 which had been outlined in the Provisional Constitution of 1918.Birmontienė Toma Jurėnienė Virginija Development of Women's Rights in Lithuania: Recognition of Women's Political Rights Jurisprudencija 2009 2 116 33 https://www.mruni.eu/upload/iblock/10f/birmontiene.pdf 25 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181112054949/https://www.mruni.eu/upload/iblock/10f/birmontiene.pdf 12 November 2018 1392-6195 26 November 1919: North Dakota – The State Senate ratified the 19th Amendment.Legislature Takes Recess Thanksgiving https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26327025/jamestown_weekly_alert/ 18 December 2018 The Jamestown Weekly Alert 4 December 1919 Jamestown, North Dakota 3 Newspapers.com December 1 December 1919: England — Nancy Astor became the first woman to take her seat in the House of Commons.http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/1910.shtml BBC Radio 4 – Woman's Hour – Women's History Timeline: 1910 – 1919 Bbc.co.uk 2012-11-07https://www.thehistorypress.co.uk/articles/nancy-astor-the-first-lady-of-british-politics/ Nancy Astor: The first lady of British politics The History Press 30 November 2018 1 December 1919: North Dakota — The State House ratified the 19th Amendment,(untitled) https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26327205/untitled_the_weekly_timesrecord/ 18 December 2018 The Weekly Times-Record 4 December 1919 Valley City, North Dakota 2 Newspapers.com becoming the 20th state to approve the federal amendment.North Dakota Ratifies https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26327545/north_dakota_ratifies_the_manhattan/ 18 December 2018 The Manhattan Mercury 2 December 1919 Manhattan, Kansas 3 Newspapers.com 3–4 December 1919: South Dakota — On the 3rd, the State House adopted the federal suffrage amendment followed on the 4th by the State Senate's ratification of the Nineteenth Amendment.South Dakota Has Given Women Vote https://www.newspapers.com/clip/26327892/south_dakota_has_given_women_vote_the/ 18 December 2018 The Bismarck Tribune 4 December 1919 Bismarck, North Dakota 1 Newspapers.com 12 December 1919: Colorado — In a special legislative session, both the State Senate and House unanimously ratified the Nineteenth Amendment. The governor signed the legislation three days later.Harper 1922 65-66 21 December 1919: United States — Anarchist Emma Goldman was deported from the United States to Soviet Russia.https://jwa.org/thisweek/dec/21/1919/emma-goldman Deportation of Emma Goldman as a radical "alien" Jewish Women's Archive 30 November 2018 22 December 1919: Australia — Grace Benny became the first Australian woman to sit on a local council.FitzHerbert Margaret Liberal Women: Federation - 1949 https://books.google.com/books?id=DUCCAxmw4yMC&pg=PA104 2004 Federation Press Annandale, NSW, Australia 978-1-86287-460-2 104 23 December 1919: United Kingdom — The Sex Disqualification Act became law, enabling women to join the professions. In a broad opening statement it specified that, "[a] person shall not be disqualified by sex or marriage from the exercise of any public function, or from being appointed to or holding any civil or judicial office or post, or from entering or assuming or carrying on any civil profession or vocation". The Act did provide employment opportunities for individual women and many were appointed as magistrates, but in practice it fell far short of the expectations of the women's movement. Senior positions in the civil service were still closed to women and they could be excluded from juries if evidence was likely to be too "sensitive".http://www.historyextra.com/feature/women-first 6 trailblazing women in history BBC History Magazine June Hannam 2012-03-08 2012-10-31https://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/04/2009_52_wed.shtml Sex Disqualification (Removal) Act, 1919 BBC Woman's hour 30 December 2009 30 November 2018 See also Timeline of women's suffrage References Category:Women's suffrage Category:History of women's rights