1888–89 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 September 2016 1888–89 United States Senate elections United States 1877 legislative no 1886–87 United States Senate elections 1886 & 1887 1890–91 United States Senate elections 1890 & 1891 Class 2 1882–83 United States Senate elections 1882 & 1883 1894–95 United States Senate elections 1894 & 1895 26 of the 76 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 39 Dates vary by state Seats up Races won x180px Republican Party (US) George F. Edmunds as Republican Conference Chair George F. Edmunds - Brady-Handy.jpg March 4, 1885 Vermont 38 38 12 12 Democratic Party (US) James B. Beck as Democratic Caucus Chair James B. Beck - Brady-Handy.jpg March 4, 1885 Kentucky 37 37 13 13 Readjuster Party Harrison H. Riddleberger as the leader of Readjuster Party(retired) Harrison_H._Riddleberger_-_Brady-Handy.jpg March 4, 1887 Virginia 1 0 1 1 0 Majority Party Republicancaucus The Readjusters caucused with the Republicans. Republicancaucus 370px Results of the elections:#0671B0 Democratic gain #92C5DE Democratic hold#CA0120 Republican gain #F48882 Republican hold#000000 Legislature failed to elect The 1888–89 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with Benjamin Harrison's victory over incumbent President Grover Cleveland. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1888 and 1889, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 2. Both parties were unchanged in the regular elections, but later special elections would give Republicans an eightseat majority, mostly from newly admitted states. Results summary Senate party division, 51st Congress (1889–1891) Majority party: Republican (39 to 51) Minority party: Democratic (37 to 35) Other parties: (0) Total seats: 76 to 88 Change in Senate composition Before the elections D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D28Ran D27Ran D26Ran D25Ran D24 D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D29Ran D30Ran D31Ran D32Ran D33Ran D34Ran D35Ran D36Ran D37Ran RA1Retired Majority with Readjuster in caucus → R38Retired R29Ran R30Ran R31Ran R32Ran R33Ran R34Ran R35Ran R36Unknown R37Unknown R28Ran R27Ran R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 After the elections D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D28Re-elected D27Re-elected D26Re-elected D25Re-elected D24 D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D29Re-elected D30Re-elected D31Re-elected D32Re-elected D33Re-elected D34Re-elected D35Re-elected D36Re-elected D37Gain V1R Loss Majority due to vacancy → R38Gain R29Re-elected R30Re-elected R31Re-elected R32Re-elected R33Re-elected R39Re-elected R35Hold R36Hold R37Hold R28Re-elected R27Re-elected R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 Beginning of the next Congress D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D1 D9 D10 D11 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 D23 D22 D21 D20 D19 D29 D30 D31 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36 D37 R39Gain Majority → R29 R30 R31 R32 R33 R34 R35 R36 R37 R38 R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R21 R20 R19 R9 R10 R11 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 End of 1889 D1 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D5 D4 D3 D2 D12 D13 D14 D15 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D31 D30 D29 D28 D27 D26 D25 D24 D23 D22 D32 D33 D34 D35 D36 D37 R45New state R44New state R43New state R42New state Majority → R32 R33Hold R34Hold R35 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40New state R41New state R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R25 R24 R23 R22 R12 R13 R14 R15 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R5 R4 R3 R2 R1 Key: D# Democratic RA# Readjuster R# Republican V# Vacant Race summaries Special elections during the 50th Congress There were no special elections during 1888 or in 1889 before March 4. Races leading to the 51st Congress In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1889; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 2 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Alabama John T. Morgan Democratic 18761882 Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Democratic Party (US) John T. Morgan (Democratic) February 2020 Arkansas James H. Berry Democratic 1885 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Democratic Party (US) James H. Berry (Democratic) February 2020 Colorado Thomas M. Bowen Republican 1882–83 Incumbent retired or lost re-election.New senator elected in 1889.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Edward O. Wolcott (Republican) February 2020 Delaware Eli Saulsbury Democratic 187018761883 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1888 or 1889.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Anthony C. Higgins (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Eli Saulsbury (Democratic) February 2020 Georgia Alfred H. Colquitt Democratic 1883 Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Democratic Party (US) Alfred H. Colquitt (Democratic) February 2020 Illinois Shelby M. Cullom Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Republican Party (US) Shelby M. Cullom (Republican) February 2020 Iowa James F. Wilson Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected January 25, 1888. Republican Party (US) James F. Wilson (Republican) Clark 214 Democratic Party (US)Thomas J. Anderson (Democratic) UnknownDaniel Campbell (Unknown)Clark215 Campbell, Reed, Hull, and Wallace each received between one and three votes. Clark 215 UnknownJ. R. Reed (Unknown)Clark215 Republican Party (US)John A. T. Hull (Republican)Clark215 Republican Party (US)Henry C. Wallace (Republican)Clark215 Kansas Preston B. Plumb Republican 18771883 Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Republican Party (US) Preston B. Plumb (Republican) February 2020 Kentucky James B. Beck Democratic 18761881 Incumbent re-elected January 10, 1888. Democratic Party (US) James B. Beck (Democratic) 94 Republican Party (US) William O. Bradley (Republican) 31 Union Labor Party A. H. Cardin (Labor) 1 Louisiana Randall L. Gibson Democratic 1882 Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Democratic Party (US) Randall L. Gibson (Democratic) February 2020 Maine William P. Frye Republican 1881 (special)1883 Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Republican Party (US) William P. Frye (Republican) February 2020 Massachusetts George F. Hoar Republican 18771883 Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Republican Party (US) George F. Hoar (Republican) February 2020 Michigan Thomas W. Palmer Republican 1882–83 Incumbent retired.New senator elected in 1889.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) James McMillan (Republican) February 2020 Minnesota Dwight M. Sabin Republican 1883 Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected in 1888.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) W. D. Washburn (Republican) February 2020 Mississippi Edward C. Walthall Democratic 1885 (appointed)1886 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Democratic Party (US) Edward C. Walthall (Democratic) February 2020 Nebraska Charles F. Manderson Republican 1883 Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Republican Party (US) Charles F. Manderson (Republican) February 2020 New Hampshire William E. Chandler Republican 1887 (special) Unknown if incumbent retired or lost re-election.Legislature failed to elect.Republican loss.Gilman Marston (R) was appointed to start the next term and Chandler was later elected to finish the term; see below. February 2020 New Jersey John R. McPherson Democratic 18771883 Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Democratic Party (US) John R. McPherson (Democratic) 43 Republican Party (US) William J. Sewell (Republican) 38 North Carolina Matt W. Ransom Democratic 1872 (special)18761883 Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Democratic Party (US) Matt W. Ransom (Democratic) February 2020 Oregon Joseph N. Dolph Republican 1882 Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Republican Party (US) Joseph N. Dolph (Republican) February 2020 Rhode Island Jonathan Chace Republican 1885 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Republican Party (US) Jonathan Chace (Republican) February 2020 South Carolina Matthew Butler Democratic 18761882 Incumbent re-elected in 1888. Democratic Party (US) Matthew Butler (Democratic) February 2020 Tennessee Isham G. Harris Democratic 18771883 Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Democratic Party (US) Isham G. Harris (Democratic) February 2020 Texas Richard Coke Democratic 18761883 Incumbent re-elected January 23, 1889. Democratic Party (US) Richard Coke (Democratic) 128https://lrl.texas.gov/scanned/SenateJournals/12/02221870_12_34.pdf Journal of the Senate of the State of Texas: Regular Session of 1889. January 24, 1889 Austin, Texas 52–53 Thirteenth Day Virginia Harrison H. Riddleberger Readjuster 1881 Incumbent retired.New senator elected early December 20, 1887.John S. Barbour Jr. at Encyclopedia VirginiaDemocratic gain. Democratic Party (US) John S. Barbour Jr. (Democratic) February 2020 West Virginia John E. Kenna Democratic 1883 Incumbent re-elected in 1889. Democratic Party (US) John E. Kenna (Democratic) February 2020 Elections during the 51st Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1889 after March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Rhode Island(Class 2) Jonathan Chace Republican 1885 (special)1888 Incumbent resigned April 9, 1889.New senator elected April 10, 1889.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) Nathan F. Dixon III (Republican) February 2020 New Hampshire(Class 2) Gilman Marston Republican 1889 (Appointed) Interim appointee retired or lost election to finish the term.New senator elected June 18, 1889.Republican hold. Republican Party (US) William E. Chandler (Republican) February 2020 South Dakota(Class 2) None (new state) South Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889.First senators elected October 16, 1889, in advance of statehood.Journal of the House of Representatives..., p. 11Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Richard F. Pettigrew (Republican) 108 Democratic Party (US)Bartlett Tripp (Democratic) 14 Absent/not voting 2 South Dakota(Class 3) South Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889.First senators elected October 16, 1889, in advance of statehood.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Gideon C. Moody (Republican) 107 Democratic Party (US)Merritt H. Day (Democratic) 14 Washington(Class 1) None (new state) Washington admitted to the Union November 11, 1889.First senators elected November 20, 1889.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) John B. Allen (Republican) February 2020 Washington(Class 3) Washington admitted to the Union November 11, 1889.First senators elected November 20, 1889.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Watson C. Squire (Republican) February 2020 North Dakota(Class 1) None (new state) North Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889.First senators elected November 25, 1889.Journal of the House of the First Legislative Assembly..., p. 63-64Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Lyman R. Casey (Republican) 62 Republican Party (US)Martin N. Johnson (Republican) 26 Democratic Party (US)Daniel W. Maratta (Democratic) 4 North Dakota(Class 3) North Dakota admitted to the Union November 2, 1889.First senators elected November 25, 1889.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Gilbert A. Pierce (Republican) 56 Democratic Party (US)Michael L. McCormack (Democratic) 6 See also 1888 United States elections 1888 United States presidential election 1888 United States House of Representatives elections 50th United States Congress 51st United States Congress References Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov Dan Elbert Clark https://archive.org/details/historyofsenator00clar History of Senatorial Elections in Iowa State Historical Society of Iowa Iowa City, Iowa 1912 Clark Journal of the House of the First Legislative Assembly begun and held at the Capitol at Bismarck, November 19, 1889 to March 18, 1890 Tribune, Printers and Binders 1890 https://books.google.com/books?id=94mLUzgik_4C https://books.google.com/books?id=TwobAQAAIAAJ Journal of the House of Representatives of the Special Session of the South Dakota Legislature. Free Press Company 1889