1956 United States Senate election in New York

none February 2026 September 2023 1956 United States Senate election in New York New York Flag of New York (1909–2020).svg presidential no 1950 United States Senate election in New York 1950 1962 United States Senate election in New York 1962 November 6, 1956 150x150px Jacob Javits 1954 (cropped).jpg Jacob Javits Republican Party (United States) 3,723,933 53.27% RobertFWagner.png Robert F. Wagner Jr. Democratic Party (United States) Liberal Party of New York 3,265,159 46.71% 1956 United States Senate election in New York results map by county.svg 300px County resultsJavits: #e27f7f 50–60% #d75d5d 60–70% #d72f30 70–80%Wagner: #7996e2 50–60% #6674de 60–70% U.S. Senator Herbert H. Lehman Democratic Party (US) Jacob Javits Republican Party (US) The United States Senate election of 1956 in New York was held on November 6, 1956. Incumbent Senator Herbert H. Lehman retired after one full term in the Senate. Republican Attorney General of New York Jacob K. Javits defeated Mayor of New York City Robert F. Wagner Jr. to win the open seat. The major parties met on September 10 in Albany and nominated Javits and Wagner unanimously, though not without some pre-convention campaigning. Background Incumbent Senator Herbert H. Lehman decided against seeking re-election at the age of 78.Quotes from the news... The Columbus Telegram (Neb.) https://www.newspapers.com/image/429170887 22 Aug 1956 5 Democratic nomination Candidates Emanuel Celler, U.S. Representative from Brooklyn Robert F. Wagner Jr., Mayor of New York City Campaign Several candidates put their name forward for the Democratic nomination. Representative Emanuel Celler expressed his willingness to "make the ascent," citing his long service in the House as a "stepping stone." Eventually, the party was able to persuade Robert F. Wagner Jr. to run, and the field was cleared for him.Elmira Advertiser https://www.newspapers.com/image/277319670 NYC Mayor Selected by Acclamation 11 Sep 1956 23 Aug 2022 1 Leader Henry Convention The Democratic state convention met on September 10 at Albany and nominated Mayor of New York City Robert F. Wagner Jr. by acclamation.Wagner's Address Accepting Democratic Senatorial Nomination in NYT on September 11, 1956 (subscription required) Republican nomination Candidates Jacob Javits, Attorney General of New York and former U.S. Representative from Washington Heights J. Raymond McGovern, former Comptroller of New York and State Senator from New Rochelle Declined Dean Alfange, American Labor Party nominee for Governor in 1942 Thomas E. Dewey, former Governor of New York and nominee for president in 1944 and 1948 Douglas MacArthur, former General of the United States Army Campaign Jacob Javits began his campaign for the Republican nomination as early as 1954, almost immediately upon taking office as Attorney General.Javits' Gamble Pays Off Hill Kermit Elmira Star-Gazette 11 Sep 1956 https://www.newspapers.com/image/277340014 2 23 Aug 2022 He openly solicited support from key leaders around the state, going around his party to do so. In essence, he was able to wall off the nomination before another strong candidate could challenge him. During the pre-convention campaign, Javits was criticized by fellow Republicans for being soft on communism, particularly during his time in Congress. He voted against the Mundt-Nixon Bill, which would have required registration of Communist Party members, and was one of only 10 Representatives to vote against a wiretap bill sponsored by his New York colleague Kenneth Keating.Javits' Record in House Lowest for GOP 'Unity' https://www.newspapers.com/image/253580538 7 Sep 1956 Binghamton Press and Sun-Bulletin Martin Paul 23 Aug 2022 In September, he testified before the Senate Internal Security Subcommittee to "clear his name" regarding rumors linking him personally to the Communist Party, including ex-communist Bella Dodd's testimony that she had guided Javits's early political career. He testified that he had "no connections" to Communists and that his House record was "effectively anti-Communist." Though he admitted he had met with Dodd in 1946, he said he had not known she was a Communist Party activist.Javits Wasn't Asked $64 Question Martin Paul 6 Sep 1956 Binghamton Press and Sun-Bulletin 23 Aug 2022 https://www.newspapers.com/image/253580446 He had in fact voted for a number of measures opposed by communists, primarily on international affairs and national security, including the Marshall Plan, aid to Greece, Turkey, and Korea, extension of the draft, and appropriations for national defense. Javits also faced criticism for his liberalism more generally, especially on those occasions when he opposed the Eisenhower administration. In the 81st Congress, he voted with his party only 27 percent of the time. During the 82nd Congress, when Republicans were returned to the minority, he voted the Republican line only 15 percent of the time versus 80 percent for the average Republican. He voted in favor of public housing, expansion of the Tennessee Valley Authority, state ownership of the Niagara power plant, and federal consumer and industrial regulations. He voted against the Taft-Hartley Act and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1952. Because of Javits's tendency to break from the party, some Republicans hoped to engineer the nomination of former Governor Thomas E. Dewey or Herbert Brownell instead. Most, however, feared that nominating a less popular candidate would harm President Eisenhower's chances in New York. Most of the criticism of Javits came from upstate New York and eventually settled on J. Raymond McGovern, the former state Comptroller, as its standard-bearer.Elmira Advertiser https://www.newspapers.com/image/277319670 Ranks Closed Behind Javits 11 Sep 1956 23 Aug 2022 1 O'Brien Emmett N.Elmira Advertiser https://www.newspapers.com/image/277319670 Upstaters Couldn't Halt Javits 11 Sep 1956 23 Aug 2022 1 O'Brien Emmett N. Two far stronger candidates, Governor Dewey and Douglas MacArthur, declined to back movements to draft them as candidates, though Dewey's denial was far more emphatic. A third candidate, Dean Alfange, withdrew after finding little support among delegates. Convention By the time the convention arrived on September 10, Javits had withstood most of the criticism against him and an alternative had failed to emerge. In a crucial private meeting before the convention, the executive committee of the party endorsed Javits by a vote of 17 to 8 for McGovern. Failed attempts were made to present Dewey or MacArthur as alternatives. Discussion of Javits's alleged ties to communists were discussed, but the committee members agreed that Javits had acquitted himself well before the Senate subcommittee. Supporters on the committee argued that any losses upstate would be made up by gains in New York City. The vote was then made formally unanimous, with the dissenters agreeing not to publicly criticize Javits or allow their names to be used. Javits appeared before the committee to accept the nomination. The convention met on September 10 and nominated Javits unanimously.G.O.P. UNANIMOUS; ...JAVITS IS NAMED FOR SENATE RACE in NYT on September 11, 1956 (subscription required) McGovern gave the nominating speech for Javits, having bowed out upon realization that he could not win. Liberal nomination The Liberal Party endorsed Wagner, the Democratic nominee, for Senate.STEVENSON PUTS RACIAL 'CLIMATE' UP TO PRESIDENT; ...Wins Liberal Nomination, With Mayor Wagner Party Nominates Slate in NYT on September 12, 1956 (subscription required) General election Campaign With two New York City candidates, the campaign was expected to center on the city, with upstate New York taking a back seat. On October 1, a movement was launched to vote for General of the Army Douglas MacArthur as a write-in candidate.WRITE-IN STATE VOTE FOR M'ARTHUR URGED in NYT on October 2, 1956 (subscription required) On October 2, MacArthur disavowed the campaign and stated that he was not a candidate.M'ARTHUR DISAVOWS BID; General Repeats He Is Not Candidate for Senate in NYT on October 3, 1956 (subscription required) Results 1956 United States Senate election in New Yorkhttps://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=36432 NY US Senate Our Campaigns 11 March 2020 Republican Party (United States) Jacob K. Javits 3,723,933 53.27% Democratic Party (United States) Robert F. Wagner Jr. 2,964,511 42.42% Liberal Party of New York Robert F. Wagner Jr. 300,648 4.30% Total Robert F. Wagner, Jr. 3,265,159 46.71% Write-in Douglas MacArthur 1,312 0.02% 6,990,404 100.00% Sources Official result: STATE ELECTORS TO VOTE MONDAY; But Harriman Will Not Hold Reception for Republicans; Final Tally Listed; Dewey Held Receptions; 4.3 Million for Eisenhower in NYT on December 11, 1956 (subscription required) Notes See also New York state elections 1956 United States presidential election 1956 United States Senate elections 1956 New York United States Senate