1 Samuel 23

First Book of Samuel chapter 1 Samuel 23 1 Samuel 22 chapter 22 1 Samuel 24 chapter 24 First book of Samuel Old Testament 9 Nevi'im 3 Former Prophets Leningrad-codex-08-samuel.pdf 250px The pages containing the Books of Samuel (1 & 2 Samuel) in Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Samuel 23 is the twenty-third chapter of the First Book of Samuel in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible or the first part of the Books of Samuel in the Hebrew Bible.Halley 1965 182 Jewish tradition attributes the book to the prophet Samuel, with later additions by the prophets Gad and Nathan;Hirsch Emil G. SAMUEL, BOOKS OF http://www.jewishencyclopedia.com/articles/13080-samuel-books-of www.jewishencyclopedia.com modern scholarship, however, regards it as a compilation of independent texts dated to 630–540 y.Knight 1995 62Jones 2007 197 This chapter contains the account of David's escape from Saul's repeated attempts to kill him.Jones 2007 209Coogan 2007 433 Hebrew Bible This is within a section comprising 1 Samuel 16 to 2 Samuel 5 which records the rise of David as the king of Israel.Jones 2007 207 Text This chapter was originally written in Biblical Hebrew, and it is divided into 29 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Biblical Hebrew are of the Masoretic Textual tradition, which includes the Codex Cairensis (895), Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Fragments containing parts of this chapter in Hebrew were found among the Dead Sea Scrolls including 4Q52 (4QSamb; 250 BCE) with extant verses 8–23.Ulrich 2010 282–283Dead sea scrolls - 1 SamuelFitzmyer 2008 354Q52 at the Leon Levy Dead Sea Scrolls Digital Library Extant ancient manuscripts of a translation into Koine Greek known as the Septuagint (originally composed made in the last few centuries BCE) include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century) and Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century).Würthwein 1995 73-74The whole book of 1 Samuel is missing from the extant Codex Sinaiticus.Codex Sinaiticus Places Israel 240 right Ancient Israel Places mentioned in this chapter Israel 31.703056 35.195556 Red_pog.svg 6 Bethlehem 100 right Israel 31.823333 35.231111 Blue_pog.svg 6 Gibeah 100 top Israel 31.616111 35.003056 Blue_pog.svg 6 Keilah 100 left Israel 31.45 35.383333 Blue_pog.svg 6 Engedi 100 left thumb|right|upright=1.15|David falls, Ein Gedi. Engedi Gibeah Hachilah Keilah David saved the city of Keilah (23:1–13) The narrative describes how David acted as a good king, protecting Israel's territory from a foreign aggressor even while on the run from the reigning king, Saul.1 Samuel 9:16 heEvans 2018 234–235 At this time, David was shown to have access to YHWH through an oracle (before the arrival of Abiathar and the ephod), so he inquired of YHWH twice—once on his own initiative and a second time to calm his men's uncertainty—because David received an encouraging response and an assurance of divine involvement (verse 5).Jones 2007 211 David's next inquiry to YHWH, through Abiathar and the ephod after liberating Keilah (verse 6), was twofold: "Will Saul come to Keilah?" and "Will the inhabitants betray him?"1 Samuel 23:11–12 he; set out more clearly in 4QSamb than in the Masoretic Text Both questions were asked with an affirmative reply in mind. David and his men immediately left the city, thwarting Saul's plan to capture David easily in a closed-in town such as Keilah.Jones 2007 211Evans 2018 235 (Saul delusionally believed that God had "given him" into his hand, following the Greek and Targum Jonathan, in preference to the Masoretic Text, which renders it "made a stranger of him".) Saul mustered a big army as he did before, but instead of directing it against foreign attackers,1 Samuel 11:7–8, 13:3–4 he yes he misused "the armies of the living God" (17:26) for his own purpose (i.e., to capture David).Evans 2018 235 However, it is clear in the narrative that David had an advantage over Saul: David had access to YHWH, whereas Saul did not (1 Samuel 14:37).Jones 2007 211Evans 2018 235 Verse 1 Then they told David, saying, "Look, the Philistines are fighting against Keilah, and they are robbing the threshing floors."1 Samuel 23:1 NKJV "Keilah": designated as a city of the Tribe of Judah in Joshua 15:44, it was not far from the Philistines' territory,"In the recesses of the Philistines" in verse 3 of the Septuagint instead of "against the armies of the Philistines" in the Christian New Revised Standard Version. so it was of interest to both the Israelites and the Philistines.Jones 2007 211 David in wilderness strongholds (23:14–29) right|thumb|240px|"Desert of the wanderings". Image from The Holy Land in Geography and in History [with maps and plans], by Maccoun, Townsend (1899) David left Keilah with six hundred soldiers (up from 400 people in 1 Samuel 22) to move from place to place, avoiding Saul's pursuit.Evans 2018 236 When David was in Ziph, which was on the edge of the Judaean Desert, Jonathan met him to reaffirm the pact between them that Jonathan was content with being second to David, so now David has the priesthood and the house of Saul behind him.Jones 2007 211 However, as verses 19–23 show, David was still in constant danger, as the local people where he stayed with (the Ziphites) were willing to deliver him into Saul's hands and provided the necessary information. Jones 2007 211 Although David was acknowledged by Saul as "cunning" in escaping, he was eventually cornered when reaching "the wilderness of Maon" (verse 24), southwards of Hebron, as Saul and his troops were "closing in" on him from both sides.Jones 2007 211 David was saved when Saul, informed of a Philistine attack he had to face as king of Israel, abandoned his plan to capture David.Evans 2018 241 Verse 28 Therefore Saul returned from pursuing David, and went against the Philistines; so they called that place the Rock of Escape.1 Samuel 23:28 NKJV "Rock of Escape" (hbo yes none סֶלַע הַמַּחְלְקוֹת selāʿ ha‑maḥlĕqōt rock [of] the separation): possibly denoting that Saul and David parted company at that place.Jones 2007 211Evans 2018 241 See also 22em Abiathar Ahimelech Ahitub Ephod Herder Jesse Jonathan Kohen Philistines Saul Tribe of Benjamin Related Bible parts: 1 Samuel 20, 1 Samuel 21, 1 Samuel 22 Notes References Sources Commentaries on Samuel Auld Graeme 1 & 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=2Vo-11umIZQC&pg=PA213 James D. G. Dunn and John William Rogerson Eerdmans Commentary on the Bible Eerdmans 2003 9780802837110 Bergen David T. 1, 2 Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=eGT6fWsajqcC B&H Publishing Group 1996 9780805401073 Chapman Stephen B. 1 Samuel as Christian Scripture: A Theological Commentary Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company 2016 978-1467445160 https://books.google.com/books?id=kS4XDAAAQBAJ Evans Paul 1-2 Samuel The Story of God Bible Commentary Tremper Longman Zondervan Academic 2018 978-0310490944 https://books.google.com/books?id=Uy8-DwAAQBAJ Gordon Robert I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=JMJ1ZAnswuUC&dq=I+%26+II+Samuel:+a+commentary+Gordon&pg=PA338 Paternoster Press 1986 9780310230229 Hertzberg Hans Wilhelm I & II Samuel, A Commentary https://books.google.com/books?id=friNN7IdjOIC&q=Saul+appointed+anointed+instituted&pg=PA19 Westminster John Knox Press 1964 trans. from German 2nd edition 1960 978-0664223182 19 Tsumura David Toshio The First Book of Samuel https://books.google.com/books?id=iLKAlhLDkMwC Eerdmans 2007 9780802823595 General Breytenbach Andries Past, Present, Future: the Deuteronomistic History and the Prophets Brill 2000 Who Is Behind The Samuel Narrative? https://books.google.com/books?id=uP22QHpnKq8C&dq=Breytenbach+Who+is+behind+the+Samuel+narrative&pg=PA50 Johannes Cornelis de Moor and H.F. Van Rooy 9789004118713 Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0195288810 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Fitzmyer Joseph A. Joseph Fitzmyer A Guide to the Dead Sea Scrolls and Related Literature William B. Eerdmans Publishing Company https://books.google.com/books?id=TILXeWJ2eNAC 2008 9780802862419 Grand Rapids, MI Halley Henry H. Henry Hampton Halley Halley's Bible Handbook: an abbreviated Bible commentary 24th (revised) Zondervan Publishing House 1965 https://archive.org/details/halleysbiblehand00henr registration 0-310-25720-4 Hayes Christine Introduction to the Bible Yale University Press 2015 https://books.google.com/books?id=SKbkXYHxvlAC 978-0300188271 Jones Gwilym H. 12. 1 and 2 Samuel The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 196–232 978-0199277186 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Klein R.W. Samuel, books of https://books.google.com/books?id=6OJvO2jMCr8C Bromiley, Geoffrey W The International Standard Bible Encyclopedia Eerdmans 2003 9780802837844 Knight Douglas A https://books.google.com/books?id=SNLN1nEEys0C&q=630+BCE&pg=PA62 James Luther Mays, David L. Petersen and Kent Harold Richards Chapter 4 Deuteronomy and the Deuteronomists Old Testament Interpretation T&T Clark 1995 9780567292896 Ulrich Eugene The Biblical Qumran Scrolls: Transcriptions and Textual Variants 2010 Brill https://archive.org/details/TheBiblicalQumranScrolls Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament Wm. B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Shmuel I - I Samuel - Chapter 23 (Judaica Press). Hebrew text and English translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) 1 Samuel chapter 23. Bible Gateway 23 Category:David