1883 Casamicciola earthquake

Earthquake in Italy March 2024 1883 Casamicciola earthquake yes yes 1883 07 28 20:25 CET Italy 40.7 13.9 4.2–5.5 w y 1 km on Italy Sommer, Casamicciola, dopo il terremoto del 1883.jpg Volcanic 11 2,313–3,100 dead, 762 injured The 1883 Casamicciola earthquake, also known as the Ischia earthquake occurred on 28 July at 20:25 local time (Central European Time) on the island of Ischia in the Gulf of Naples in Italy. Although the earthquake had an estimated moment magnitude (w y) of 4.2–5.5, considered moderate in size,Boschi E. Guidoboni E Emanuela Guidoboni Ferrari G. Valensise G. Gasperini P. Catalogo dei forti terremoti in Italia dal 461 a.C. al 1980 Ing-Sga 1997 2 644 https://emidius.mi.ingv.it/DBMI04/query_eq/ Catalog of strong earthquakes in Italy from 461 BC. to 1980 Bologna, Italy Italian it caused intense ground shaking that was assigned XI (Extreme) on the Modified Mercalli intensity scale. Between 2,313 and 3,100 people were killed, and there was severe damage in Casamicciola, with 80 percent of all homes destroyed.Significant Earthquake Information https://www.ngdc.noaa.gov/hazel/view/hazards/earthquake/event-more-info/2324 ngdc.noaa.gov NCEI 30 July 2021 ITALY: ISCHIA IS: CASAMICCIOLA, FORINO, LACCO AMENO This earthquake was exceptionally destructive for its magnitude mainly due to its shallow focal depth. Tectonic setting Ischia island is situated in the circular caldera which forms the Phlegraean Fields of volcanoes. The volcanic field itself is part of the greater Campanian volcanic arc. The island's highest point, Monte Epomeo, is not a volcanic cone. Instead, it is a geological horst, a block of volcanic material deposited by eruptions that have been uplifted by active faulting.Island of Ischia, Italy https://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/images/9087/island-of-ischia-italy NASA Earth Observatory 11 February 2022 20 June 2008 Destructive earthquakes affecting the island have been recorded since the mid-18th century. In 1762, architect Luigi Vanvitelli experienced two successive shocks on the morning of 12 July. An earthquake on 18 March 1796 destroyed 50 buildings and killed seven. At least 29 people died and about 50 were injured during an earthquake on February 2, 1828. Italian chemist Nicola Covelli was on the island when it struck. All buildings in upper Casamicciola were affected. Part of the Santa Maria Maddalena nave collapsed, crushing attendees of a religious service. Damage from the earthquake was surveyed by Charles Lyell. Earthquakes in 1841, 1852, 1863 and 1867 continued to damage Casamicciola. A 1917 memoir by Vilhelm Bergsøe documented the earthquake of 1867—it was also experienced by Norwegian playwright Henrik Ibsen.Ciuccarelli Cecilia Mariotti Dante I terremoti nella storia: 28 luglio 1883, la catastrofe di Casamicciola sull'isola d'Ischia https://ingvterremoti.com/2018/07/27/i-terremoti-nella-storia-28-luglio-1883-la-catastrofe-di-casamicciola-sullisola-dischia/ National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology 24 August 2022 it 27 July 2018 The last major earthquake prior to 1883 was on 4 March 1881. The earthquake was destructive in northern Ischia. An official report stated that 2,952 structures were heavily damaged and 290 collapsed. Of the 127 fatalities, 121 were recorded in Casamicciola, five in Fango and one in Lacco Ameno. About 300 families became homeless. Earthquake 200px|thumb|right|Episode after 1883 earthquake at Casamicciola (1884) by Rodolfo Morgari The earthquake occurred on the northern slopes of Mount Epomeo along a near-vertical fault with an estimated length of 2 km. This depth is also consistent with the maximum depth where earthquakes are recorded and the location of the brittle–ductile transition zone, where rocks are able to fracture and cause earthquakes.Carlino Stefano Pino Nicola Alessandro Tramelli Anna Novellis Vincenzo De Convertito Vincenzo A common source for the destructive earthquakes in the volcanic island of Ischia (Southern Italy): insights from historical and recent seismicity Natural Hazards 2021 108 177–201 10.1007/s11069-021-04675-z free 11581/487195 free An east-west or east-northeast–west-southwest fault structure was suggested as the cause of the earthquake.E. Cubellis G. Luongo Il terremoto del 28 luglio 1883 a Casamicciola nell'isola d'Ischia 1998 Istituto Poligrafico dello StatoS. Carlino E. Cubellis A. Marturano The catastrophic 1883 earthquake at the island of Ischia (southern Italy): macroseismic data and the role of geological conditions Natural Hazards 2010 52 231 231–247 10.1007/s11069-009-9367-2 2010NatHa..52..231C 10.1007/s11069-009-9387-y 140602189 free The earthquake's moment magnitude was estimated at between 4.6 and 5.2. Based on the documented observations, an east-west striking fault plane, measuring 2.5 by 3.4 km2, was obtained and plausibly represent the source of the rupture. Earthquakes on Ischia have been relatively small in magnitude (≤ 5.5 w), although damage and losses have been high. Prior to 1883, two earthquakes in 1828 and 1881 also caused major destruction. Another earthquake in 2017 measuring 3.9 w caused two deaths and significant damage. Most earthquakes on the island are limited to the first 2–3 km depth of the crust which is seismogenic as at deeper depth, volcanic heat prevents brittle failure required to sustain earthquakes.Jacopo Selva Raffaele Azzaro Matteo Taroni Anna Tramelli Giuliana Alessio Mario Castellano Cecilia Ciuccarelli Elena Cubellis Domenico Lo Bascio Sabina Porfido Patrizia Ricciolino Andrea Rovida Gaspar-Escribano Jorge M. The Seismicity of Ischia Island, Italy: An Integrated Earthquake Catalogue From 8th Century BC to 2019 and Its Statistical Properties Frontiers in Earth Science 2021 9 629736 203 10.3389/feart.2021.629736 2021FrEaS...9..203S free Impact The quake was felt with a maximum intensity of XI around a 3 km2 area, or 1.5 km from the epicenter, in the northern part of Ischia. Unrepaired structures that were previously damaged by the 1881 earthquake were totally destroyed.Kozák Jan Čermák Vladimír The Illustrated History of Natural Disasters Two Earthquakes in Italy: Ischia 1881 and Casamicciola 1883 2010 Springer, Dordrecht 978-90-481-3325-3 155–156 https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_34.pdf 10.1007/978-90-481-3325-3_34 The earthquake was most devastating in the northern part of the city of Casamicciola, collapsing or seriously damaging many homes. Private buildings, hotels, churches, and country houses were among the many infrastructures destroyed by the earthquake. Damage was reported in every part of the island, with only a handful of buildings left untouched by the quake.F. Bramerini S. Castenetto E. Cubellis M. G. Martini M. Rebuffat P. Soddu Earthquake, GIS and multimedia. The 1883 Casamicciola earthquake Annals of Geophysics 1995 38 5–6 10.4401/ag-4085 free There were at least 2,313 fatalities with the majority in Casamicciola, standing at 1,784. The population of Casamicciola at the time was 4,300, and all homes, with the exception of one, were damaged or destroyed. In Lacco Ameno, 146 residents died. An additional 345 deaths was recorded in Forio. Ten fatalities occurred in Barano d'Ischia, while there was another 28 in Serrara Fontana. In addition to the deaths, 762 were injured.National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology Il terremoto del 28 luglio 1883 a Casamicciola nell'isola d'Ischia la cronaca, il contesto fisico, storico e sociale, i soccorsi, la ricostruzione e le fonti documentarie del primo grande terremoto dopo l'unità d'Italia 1998 Istituto Poligrafico dello Stato 8824037321 it In popular culture The metaphors Qui succede Casamicciola (literally meaning "Casamicciola happens here") and Faccio una Casamicciola (literally meaning "I make a Casamicciola") were derived from effects of the earthquake. These metaphors are used to describe a state of calamity, grief, chaos and helplessness.I proverbi ischitani The proverbs of Ischia https://www.ischia.campania.it/index.php/i-proverbi-ischitani/ it Isola d'Ischia Guide 23 August 2022Prisco Francesco "Ccà pare Casamicciola". Perché a Napoli di fronte a un disastro si evoca Ischia https://www.ilsole24ore.com/art/cca-pare-casamicciola-perche-napoli-fronte-un-disastro-si-evoca-ischia-AEv3A5FC?refresh_ce=1 Il Sole 24 Ore 23 August 2022 it 22 August 2017 During a dialogue in the 1960 film Chi si ferma è perduto, the grandfather of a character was said to have landed in Messina on the day of the earthquake.Cundari Ugo Un anno fa il terremoto di Amatrice e il sisma del 1883 che rase al suolo tutta Casamicciola https://www.ilmattino.it/primopiano/cronaca/il_sisma_del_1883_che_rase_al_suolo_tutta_casamicciola-2629064.html?refresh_ce Il Mattino 23 August 2022 it 22 August 2017 Italian philosopher Benedetto Croce was vacationing on the island at the time of the earthquake. Both his parents and only sister were killed while he was trapped under rubble. He was rescued from the rubble after two nights, suffering a broken leg and arm. According to his daughter, he experienced nightmares about the events and did not return to Ischia. The ancestors of American television presenter Jimmy Kimmel were residents of Ischia.Raicaldo Pasquale Ischia, l'appello di Jimmy Kimmel: "Cerco i miei parenti" https://napoli.repubblica.it/cronaca/2015/06/23/news/ischia_l_appello_di_jimmy_kimmel_cerco_i_miei_parenti_-117523888/ la Repubblica 24 August 2022 it 23 June 2015 According to Kimmel, only two family members survived and later emigrated from the island to the United States.Extra Redazione Jimmy Kimmel, GQ e Ischia https://www.ildispariquotidiano.it/it/jimmy-kimmel-gq-e-ischia/ 24 August 2022 Il Dispari Quotidiano 26 January 2018 it A work by painter Rodolfo Morgari titled Episode after 1883 earthquake at Casamicciola, was exhibited at Turin in 1884.Dizionario degli Artisti Italiani Viventi: pittori, scultori, e Architetti., by Angelo de Gubernatis. Tipe dei Successori Le Monnier, 1889, page 314. Gallery See also List of earthquakes in Italy References Further reading Contribution to knowledge regarding the sources of earthquakes on the island of Ischia (Southern Italy) Natural Hazards https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11069-019-03833-8 Cubellis Elena 2020-01-23 100 955–994 Luongo Giuseppe Springer 10.1007/s11069-019-03833-8 Obrizzo Francesco Sepe Vincenzo Tammaro Umberto 3 2020NatHa.100..955C 210870411 subscription Il Terremoto di Casamicciola del 1883: una ricostruzione mancata Luongo Giuseppe 2006 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/235779017 Carlino Stefano Cubellis Elena Delizia Ilia Iannuzzi Raffaello Obrizzo Francesco Alfa Tipografia Napoli it Nappi, R.; Porfido, S.; Paganini, E.; Vezzoli, L.; Ferrario, M.F.; Gaudiosi, G.; Alessio, G.; Michetti, A.M. The 2017, MD = 4.0, Casamicciola Earthquake: ESI-07 Scale Evaluation and Implications for the Source Model. Geosciences 2021, 11, 44. 10.3390/geosciences11020044 free Category:July 1883 in Europe 1883 Casamicciola earthquake Category:1883 earthquakes Category:1883 in Italy Category:1880s disasters in Europe Category:19th-century disasters in Italy Category:1883 natural disasters Category:Volcano tectonic earthquakes Category:Ischia Category:19th-century volcanic events