1259

February 2011 1259 1259 thumb|Portion of a fresco of the Boyana Church, completed this year.Year 1259 (MCCLIX) was a common year starting on Wednesday of the Julian calendar. Events By place Europe September – Epirote–Nicaean conflict,https://books.google.com/books?id=h5_tSnygvbIC&q=1259+Epirote%E2%80%93Nicaean+conflict&pg=PA283 A Global Chronology of Conflict: From the Ancient World to the Modern Middle East Tucker Spencer C. ABC-CLIO 2010 9781851096725 I: ca. 3000 BCE - 1499 CE Santa Barbara, CA, Denver, CO and Oxford 283 en Battle of Pelagonia: The Empire of Nicaea defeats the Principality of Achaea, ensuring the eventual reconquest of Constantinople in 1261.https://books.google.com/books?id=k5v3AgAAQBAJ&q=1259+battle+of+pelagonia&pg=PT30 Greece, the Hidden Centuries: Turkish Rule from the Fall of Constantinople to Greek David Brewer I.B.Tauris 2011 9780857730046 New York 17 en 2010https://books.google.com/books?id=2rayUr0j28wC&q=1259+battle+of+pelagonia&pg=PA106 Byzantium: Church, Society, and Civilization Seen Through Contemporary Eyes Geanakoplos Deno John University of Chicago Press 1984 9780226284606 Chicago and London 106 en December 4 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy), in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels.https://books.google.com/books?id=dpsEsPNHsOIC&q=1259+treaty+of+paris&pg=PA52 Events that Changed the World Through the Sixteenth Century Thackeray Frank W. Findling John E. Greenwood Publishing Group 2001 9780313290794 Westport, CT and London 52 en The famous frescoes of the Boyana Church in Bulgaria are completed (the church and its murals are now a UNESCO World Heritage Site).https://books.google.com/books?id=yQJ2DwAAQBAJ&q=1259+Boyana+Church&pg=PA167 Head and Neck: Morphology, Models and Function Marani Enrico Heida Ciska Springer 2018 9783319921051 Cham, Switzerland 167 en The German cities of Lübeck, Wismar, and Rostock enter into a pact to defend against pirates of the Baltic Sea, laying the groundwork for the Hanseatic League.https://books.google.com/books?id=sfhyBgAAQBAJ&q=1259+hanseatic+league&pg=PA56 A Companion to the Hanseatic League Hammel-Kiesow Rolf BRILL 2015 9789004284760 Harreld Donald J. Leiden and Boston 56 en The Early Hansas Nogai Khan leads the second Mongol Golden Horde attack against Lithuania, and Poland.https://books.google.com/books?id=4NYTCgAAQBAJ&q=1259+golden+horde+lithuania+poland&pg=PA379 East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000-1500 Sedlar Jean W. University of Washington Press 2013 9780295800646 Seattle and London 379 en 1994 Asia March – The Japanese Shōka era ends, and the Shōgen era begins (till April 1260).https://books.google.com/books?id=9Wu8BQAAQBAJ&q=1259+shoka+shogen&pg=PA613 The Mikado's Empire Griffis William Elliot Cambridge University Press 2014 9781108080507 Cambridge Library Collection Cambridge and New York 613 enhttps://books.google.com/books?id=kjT8_78YAwAC&q=1259+shoka+shogen&pg=PA398 The Gates of Power: Monks, Courtiers, and Warriors in Premodern Japan Adolphson Mikael S. University of Hawaii Press 2000 9780824823344 Honolulu, HI 398 en August 11 – While conducting a siege against the Song dynasty city known as Fishing Town in the province of Chongqing, China, the Mongol Great Khan, Möngke Khan, dies in the nearby hills. Persian, Chinese, and Mongol records have different accounts of how he died, including succumbing to an arrow wound received by a Chinese archer in the siege, dysentery, and even a cholera epidemic. His death sparks a succession crisis in the Mongol Empire, while his brothers Ariq Böke and Kublai soon convene their own kurultai to elect themselves as the next Khan of Khans, opening the path to a four–year-long Toluid Civil War from 1260 to 1264. In the end, Ariq Böke surrenders to Kublai.https://books.google.com/books?id=tSRTAQAAQBAJ&q=Toluid+Civil+War&pg=PA235 The Mongols in Iran: Chingiz Khan to Uljaytu 1220–1309 Kolbas Judith Routledge 2013 9781136802898 New York and London 160 en While engaged in a war with the Mongols, the Song Chinese official Li Zengbo writes in his Kozhai Zagao, Xugaohou that the city of Qingzhou is manufacturing one to two thousand strong iron-cased gunpowder bomb shells a month, dispatching to Xiangyang and Yingzhou about ten to twenty thousand such bombs at a time.https://books.google.com/books?id=1jRJCgAAQBAJ&q=1259+Li+Zengbo&pg=PA48 The Gunpowder Age: China, Military Innovation, and the Rise of the West in World History Andrade Tonio Andrade Tonio Princeton University Press 2016 9781400874446 Princeton, NJ 48 en Lannathai, a kingdom in the north of Thailand, is founded by King Mangrai.https://books.google.com/books?id=zciIAAAAQBAJ&q=1259+Mangrai&pg=PA32 Thailand Condensed: 2,000 Years of History & Culture London Ellen Marshall Cavendish International Asia Pte Ltd 2008 9789812619761 Singapore 32 enhttps://books.google.com/books?id=voerPYsAB5wC&q=1259+Mangrai&pg=PA182 Asia and Oceania: International Dictionary of Historic Places Ring Trudy Watson Noelle Schellinger Paul Routledge 2012 9781136639791 5: Asia and Oceania New York and London 182 en 1996 The Goryeo Kingdom in Korea surrenders to invading Mongol forces.https://books.google.com/books?id=6F2XLmIVAaYC&q=1259+Goryeo+mongols&pg=PA169 Pre-Modern East Asia: A Cultural, Social, and Political History, Volume I: To 1800 Ebrey Patricia Buckley Walthall Anne Cengage Learning 2013 9781133606512 Boston, MA 169 en The Chinese era Kaiqing begins and ends, in the Southern Song dynasty of China (Emperor Lizong).https://books.google.com/books?id=ao0804AaiqUC&q=1259+Kaiqing&pg=PA83 "Dividing the Realm in Order to Govern": The Spatial Organization of the Song State (960-1276 CE) Mostern Ruth Harvard University Press 2011 9780674056022 Cambridge, MA and London 83 en Births February 25 – Infanta Branca of Portugal, daughter of King Afonso III of Portugal and Urraca of Castile (d. 1321)https://books.google.com/books?id=A7_Q7PpuQR0C&q=1259+Infanta+Branca+of+Portugal&pg=PA73 Historia de Portugal Carvalho e Araújo Alexandre Herculano de Casa de Viuva Bertrand e Flihos 1849 Lisbon, Portugal 73 pthttps://books.google.com/books?id=qMoDRKXP4QQC&q=1259+Branca+of+Portugal&pg=PA221 Portugal Antigo e Moderno: Diccionario Geographico, Estatistico, Chorographico, Heraldico, Archeologico, Historico, Biographico E Etymologico De Todas as Cidades, Villas E Freguezias De Portugal E De Grande Numero De Aldeias ... de Pinho Leal Augusto Soares de Azevedo Barbosa Mattos Moreira & Companhia 1876 Lisbon, Portugal 221 pt March 25 – Andronikos II Palaiologos, Byzantine emperor (d. 1332)https://books.google.com/books?id=gCwU8eqbxBoC&q=1259+Andronikos+II+Palaiologos&pg=PA159 Literature and Culture in Late Byzantine Thessalonica Russell Eugenia Bloosmbury 2013 9781441155849 London, New Delhi, New York, Sydney 159 en Pietro Cavallini, Italian painter (d. 1330)https://books.google.com/books?id=S8ujAwAAQBAJ&q=1259+Pietro+Cavallini&pg=PA118 Early Italian Painting Crowe Joseph Archer Cavalcaselle Giovanni Battista Jameson Anna Parkstone International 2014 9781783103928 Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 118 enhttps://books.google.com/books?id=EYkdBgAAQBAJ&q=1259+Pietro+Cavallini&pg=PA82 A Quick Look at Christian History Kurian George Thomas Harvest House Publishers 2015 9780736953788 Eugene, OR 82 en Demetre II of Georgia (d. 1289)https://books.google.com/books?id=JNNQCgAAQBAJ&q=1259+Demetre+II+Georgia&pg=PA20 Historical Dictionary of Georgia Mikaberidze Alexander Rowman & Littlefield 2015 9781442241466 Lanham, MA 260 enhttps://books.google.com/books?id=riW0kKzat2sC&q=1259+Demetre+II+Georgia&pg=PA41 The Making of the Georgian Nation Suny Ronald Grigor Indiana University Press 1994 9780253209153 Bloomington, IN and Indianapolis 41 en 1988 Richard Óg de Burgh, 2nd Earl of Ulster (d. 1326)https://books.google.com/books?id=rKAKXWXIa9gC&q=1259+Richard+Og+de+Burgh&pg=PA59 The Legacy of the de Lacy, Lacey, Lacy Family, 1066-1994 Lacey Gerry Mashue Printing 1994 Midland, MI 59 en Deaths January – Matilda II of Boulogne, ruler of Boulogne, queen consort of Portugal (b. 1202)https://books.google.com/books?id=HxyDDwAAQBAJ&q=1259+Matilda+Boulogne&pg=PA304 Medieval Elite Women and the Exercise of Power, 1100--1400: Moving Beyond the Exceptionalist Debate Tanner Heather J. Springer 2019 9783030013462 The New Middle Ages Columbus, OH and Cham, Switzerland 304 en February 7 – Thomas, Count of Flandershttps://archive.org/details/dictionarybiogr00philgoog 1259 thomas flanders. The Dictionary of Biographical Reference: Containing One Hundred Thousand Names, Together with a Classed Index of the Biographical Literature of Europe and America Phillips Lawrence Barnett S. Low, Son, & Marston 1871 London 903 enhttps://books.google.com/books?id=fMk5AAAAcAAJ&q=1259+thomas+flanders&pg=PA385 The Biographical Dictionary of the Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge Society for the Diffusion of Useful Knowledge Longman, Brown 1843 II London 385 en May 29 – King Christopher I of Denmark (b. 1219)https://books.google.com/books?id=EIsBAAAAYAAJ&q=1259+Christopher+I+denmark&pg=PA223 History of Denmark, Sweden, and Norway Dunham Samuel Astley Longman, Orme, Brown, Green & Longmans and John Taylor 1839 II London 223 enhttps://books.google.com/books?id=os4yAQAAIAAJ&q=1259+Christopher+I+denmark&pg=PA178 An Index of Dates: Comprehending the Principal Facts in the Chronology and History of the World, from the Earliest to the Present Time Rosse J. Willoughby G. Bell and Sons 1877 I: A - J London 178 en July 21 – Gojong of Goryeohttps://books.google.com/books?id=pRZQBwAAQBAJ&q=1259+Gojong+of+Goryeo&pg=PR12 Under the Microscope: The Secrets of the Tripitaka Koreana Woodblocks Park Sang-jin Cambridge Scholars Publishing 2014 9781443867320 xii en Kim Ji-hyun Philippa August 11 – Möngke Khan of the Mongol Empirehttps://books.google.com/books?id=u6gwDwAAQBAJ&q=1259+M%C3%B6ngke+Khan+dies Khubilai Khan: His Life and Times Rossabi Morris University of California Press 2009 9780520261327 Berkeley, Los Angeles, London 96–97 en October 7 – Ezzelino III da Romano, Italian rulerhttps://books.google.com/books?id=bclfdU_2lesC&q=1259+Ezzelino+III+da+Romano&pg=PA460 The New Cambridge Medieval History McKitterick Rosamond Abulafia David Fouracre Paul Reuter Timothy Allmand C. T. Luscombe David Edward Jones Michael Riley-Smith Jonathan Cambridge University Press 1995 9780521362894 V: c. 1198 - c.1300 Cambridge and New York 460 en November 18 – Adam Marsh, English scholar and theologianhttps://books.google.com/books?id=W6y8DgAAQBAJ&q=1259+Adam+Marsh&pg=PA36 The English Province of the Franciscans (1224-c.1350) Power Amanda BRILL 2017 9789004331624 Robson Michael J. P. Leiden and Boston 36 en The Friars in Secular and Ecclesiastical Governance, 1224–c. 1259https://books.google.com/books?id=MkBiDwAAQBAJ&q=1259+Adam+Marsh&pg=PA46 Historical Dictionary of Medieval Philosophy and Theology Brown Stephen F. Flores Juan Carlos Rowman & Littlefield 2018 9781538114315 Lanham, Boulder, New York, London 46 en date unknown – Matthew Paris, English chroniclerhttps://books.google.com/books?id=07Ie_O-Oa7AC&q=1259+Matthew+Paris&pg=PA69 Care and Conservation of Manuscripts 9: Proceedings of the Ninth International Seminar Held at the University of Copenhagen 14th-15th April 2005 Jefferson Melvin Museum Tusculanum Press 2006 9788763505543 Fellows-Jensen Gillian Copenhagen 69 en The Conservation of Parker MSS 16 and 26 "The Chronica Majora" Springborg Peter References