2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T

Standards for Ethernet over twisted-pair cables at multi-gigabit speeds IEEE 802.3bz, NBASE-T and MGBASE-T are standards released in 2016 for Ethernet over twisted pair at speeds of 2.5 and 5 Gbit/s. These use the same cabling as the ubiquitous Gigabit Ethernet, yet offer higher speeds. The resulting standards are named 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T.https://www.ieee802.org/3/bz/index.html IEEE P802.3bz 2.5G/5GBASE-T Task Force IEEE Standards Associationhttp://standards.ieee.org/news/2015/ieee_802.3bz.html New IEEE P802.3bz Project Achieves Significant Milestone Towards Enabling Higher Speeds Over Installed Base of Twisted Pair Cabling IEEE Standards Association 2015-11-22 2017-07-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20170708215319/http://standards.ieee.org/news/2015/ieee_802.3bz.html deadhttp://blog.planetechusa.com/2015/06/ieees-802-3bz-task-force-mediates-mgbase-t-and-nbase-t-alliances/ IEEE's 802.3BZ Task Force Mediates MGBASE-T and NBASE-T Alliances Planetech USA 2015-11-22 https://web.archive.org/web/20151122222700/http://blog.planetechusa.com/2015/06/ieees-802-3bz-task-force-mediates-mgbase-t-and-nbase-t-alliances/ 2015-11-22 dead NBASE-T refers to Ethernet equipment that supports speeds of at least 2.5 Gbit/s and sometimes 5 or 10 Gbit/s, and that can automatically use training to operate at the best speed supported by the cable quality."IEEE Standard for Ethernet," in IEEE Std 802.3-2022 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2018), p. 5020, 29 July 2022, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2022.9844436. Clause 126.1.3.1 Summary of Physical Coding Sublayer (PCS). Usually it also supports additional link speeds (10, 100 or 1000 Mbit/s) in connection with autonegotiation, depending on the capabilities of the equipment at the other end of the cable.February 2021 Technology These standards are specified in Clauses 125 and 126 of the IEEE 802.3 standard. The physical (PHY) layer transmission technology of IEEE 802.3bz is based on 10GBASE-T, but operates at a lower signaling rate. By reducing the original signal rate to 1 4 or 1 2, the link speed drops to 2.5 or 5 Gbit/s, respectively.https://www.ciscolive2015.com/connect/sessionDetail.ww?SESSION_ID=3700 Cisco Live BRKCRS-3900, slide 41, time 57:40 2016-01-15 https://web.archive.org/web/20160303200446/https://www.ciscolive2015.com/connect/sessionDetail.ww?SESSION_ID=3700 2016-03-03 dead The spectral bandwidth of the signal is reduced accordingly, lowering the requirements on the cabling, so that 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T can be deployed at a cable length of up to 100 m on Cat 5e or better cables."IEEE Standard for Ethernet," in IEEE Std 802.3-2022 (Revision of IEEE Std 802.3-2018), pp.5107-5112, 29 July 2022, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2022.9844436. Clause 126.7.2 Link segment transmission parameters.Next Generation Enterprise Access BASE-T PHY Objectives The NBASE-T effort also standardized how its switches can implement power over Ethernet according to the IEEE 802.3at and successor standards. This allows a single cable to provide both power and data for high-bandwidth wireless access points such as those that implement the IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) and IEEE 802.11be (Wi-Fi 7) standards.http://www.cisco.com/c/en/us/solutions/enterprise-networks/catalyst-multigigabit-switching/index.html Cisco Multigigabit Technology 2020-07-30 Prior to the release of 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T, manufacturers of wireless access points that wanted to support multi-gigabit uplink speed using standard gigabit Ethernet ports had to include multiple Ethernet ports on their access points. By bonding the connections from multiple Ethernet ports via IEEE 802.3ad link aggregation or similar, manufacturers were able to achieve speeds close to 2 Gbit/s by using two ports that support gigabit speeds. This would require the wireless access point to be connected to the rest of the network with 2 Ethernet cables and require both the wireless access point and network hardware to support and be configured for link aggregation. Wireless access points that support 2.5GBASE-T or 5GBASE-T eliminate this complexity. +Comparison of twisted-pair-based Ethernet physical transport layers (TP-PHYs)Ethernet: The Definitive Guide 2nd Charles E. Spurgeon O'Reilly Media 2014 978-1-4493-6184-6 Name Standard Status Speed (Mbit/s) Pairs re quired Lanes per dir ec tion Spec tral ef fi cien cy (bits per hertz) Line code Symbol rate per lane (MBd) Band width (MHz) Max dis tance (m) Cable Cable rating (MHz) Usage 1000BASE‑T 802.3ab-1999 (CL40) current 1000 4 4 4 TCM 4D-PAM-5 125 62.5 100 Cat 5 100 LAN 2.5GBASE-T 802.3bz-2016 current 2500 4 4 6.25 64b66b PAM-16https://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/3/an/public/sep04/ungerboeck_2_0904.pdf 10GBASE--T Coding and Modulation:T Coding and Modulation: 128128--DSQ + LDPCDSQ + LDPC Gottfried Ungerboeck 27 September 2004Explains PAM-16 in detail so is a useful ref but it predates and can't be used to establish that it's used in 2.5GBASE-T September 2025 200 100 100 Cat 5e or Cat 6 100 LAN 5GBASE-T 802.3bz-2016 current 5000 4 4 6.25 64b66b PAM-16 128-DSQ 400 200 100 Cat 5e or Cat 6 250 LAN 10GBASE-T 802.3an-2006 current 10000 4 4 6.25 64b66b PAM-16 128-DSQ 800 400 100 Cat 6A 500 LAN, Data center History In 2013 with the release of IEEE 802.11ac (Wi-Fi 5), wireless access points for the first time could reach speeds of 2 Gbit/s or 4 Gbit/s, exceeding the 1 Gbit/s IEEE 802.3ab 1000BASE-T wired Ethernet uplink. While 10GBASE-T had already been standardized since 2006, this standard used a higher signaling frequency that would have substantially limited the maximum distance of Cat5e cable runs. Therefore, there was demand for an intermediate standard that could uplink the 2 Gbit/s and 4 Gbit/s speeds from wireless access points over existing Cat5e cable. The development of the 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T standards enabled wireless access points to reach their maximum speeds without being limited by the Ethernet uplink speeds over a single existing Cat5e cable, while also being compatible with newer Cat6 and Cat6a cabling.https://www.ieee802.org/3/bz/P802.3bz.pdf Project Authorization Request P802.3bz, amending 802.3-2012 2022-12-27 2022-11-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20221124063520/https://www.ieee802.org/3/bz/P802.3bz.pdf The 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T standards also serve as an interim solution for achieving lower-cost and lower power consumption multi-gigabit network speeds. As of Dec 2022, 10GBASE-T network equipment is still substantially more expensive than 1GBASE-T, 2.5GBASE-T, and 5GBASE-T network equipment. IEEE 802.3bz also supports power over Ethernet, which had previously not been available with IEEE 802.3an 10GBASE-T. As early as 2013, the Intel Avoton server processors integrated 2.5 Gbit/s Ethernet ports. Whilst Broadcom had announced a series of 2.5 Gbit/s transceiver ICs,http://investor.broadcom.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=887615 Broadcom Announces New High-Performance Multi-Rate Gigabit PHYs 2015-05-28 2015-05-29 https://web.archive.org/web/20150529041139/http://investor.broadcom.com/releasedetail.cfm?releaseid=887615 dead 2.5 Gbit/s switch hardware was not widely commercially available at that point. Many early 10GBASE-T switches, particularly those with SFP+ interfaces, do not support the intermediate speeds. In October 2014, the NBASE-T Alliance was founded,http://www.nbaset.org/industry-leaders-form-nbase-t-alliance-promote-multi-gigabit-ethernet-technology-enterprise-wired-wireless-access-networks/ https://web.archive.org/web/20141104120415/http://www.nbaset.org/industry-leaders-form-nbase-t-alliance-promote-multi-gigabit-ethernet-technology-enterprise-wired-wireless-access-networks/ usurped November 4, 2014 Industry Leaders Form NBASE-T Alliance to Promote Multi-Gigabit Ethernet Technology for Enterprise Wired and Wireless Access Networks 2014-10-28 2020-07-30The NBASE-T Alliance https://archive.nbaset.ethernetalliance.org/alliance/ 2024-03-11 NBASE-T Alliance, Inc initially comprising Cisco, Aquantia, Freescale, and Xilinx. By December 2015, it contained more than 45 companies, and aimed to have its specification compatible with 802.3bz.Oh What a Year! https://archive.nbaset.ethernetalliance.org/oh-what-a-year/ NBASE-T Alliance, Inc 2021-02-04 2015-12-17 The competing MGBASE-T Alliance, stating the same faster Gigabit Ethernet objectives, was founded in December 2014.http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/open-industry-alliance-and-ieee-to-bring-25g-and-5g-ethernet-speeds-to-enterprise-access-points-300001812.html Open Industry Alliance and IEEE to Bring 2.5G and 5G Ethernet Speeds to Enterprise Access Points 2020-07-30 In contrast to NBASE-T, the MGBASE-T said that their specifications would be open source.http://www.excitingip.com/5183/want-2-5g5g-base-t-connections-theyre-coming/ Want 2.5G/5G BASE-T Connections? They're coming. 2020-07-30 IEEE 802.3's 2.5G/5GBASE-T Task Force started working on the 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T standards in March 2015.IEEE 802.3bz Project PAR http://www.ieee802.org/3/bz/P802.3bz.pdf 2015-09-22 IEEE 802.3bz Task Force The two NBASE-T and MGBASE-T Alliances ended up collaborating.IEEE's 802.3BZ Task Force Mediates MGBASE-T and NBASE-T Alliances http://blog.planetechusa.com/2015/06/ieees-802-3bz-task-force-mediates-mgbase-t-and-nbase-t-alliances/ dead https://web.archive.org/web/20151122222700/http://blog.planetechusa.com/2015/06/ieees-802-3bz-task-force-mediates-mgbase-t-and-nbase-t-alliances/ 2015-11-22 2015-11-22 with the forming of the IEEE 802.3bz Task Force under the patronage of the Ethernet Alliance in June 2015. On September 23, 2016, the IEEE-SA Standards Board approved IEEE Std 802.3bz-2016.[802.3_NGBASET] FW: Approval of IEEE Std 802.3bz 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T IEEE P802.3bz Task Force http://www.ieee802.org/3/NGBASET/email/msg00996.html 2016-09-24 Automotive Ethernet standards The IEEE 802.3ch-2020 2.5GBASE-T1, 5GBASE-T1, and 10GBASE-T1 standards are derived from the IEEE 802.3bp-2016 1000BASE-T1 Ethernet over single twisted pair standard, and share very little in common with the similarly named 2.5GBASE-T and 5GBASE-T standards at the PHY layer. 2.5GBASE-T1, 5GBASE-T1, and 10GBASE-T1 can run over a single twisted pair up to 15 meters in length, use PAM8 modulation (compared to PAM3 modulation in 1000BASE-T1 or PAM-16 + 128DSQ in 2.5GBASE-T/5GBASE-T), and are standardized in 802.3ch-2020. IEEE Std 802.3ch-2020: Multi-Gig Automotive Ethernet PHY https://blog.siemon.com/standards/ieee-p802-3ch-multi-gig-automotive-ethernet-phy https://web.archive.org/web/20210811133418/https://blog.siemon.com/standards/ieee-p802-3ch-multi-gig-automotive-ethernet-phy dead August 11, 2021 Valerie Maguire 2020-06-04 Their primary use is in embedded automotive applications, and are commonly referred to as part of the Automotive Ethernet family of standards, along with 100BASE-T1 and 1000BASE-T1. See also Industrial Ethernet References External links IEEE P802.3bz 2.5G/5GBASE-T Task Force NBASE-T Alliance https://web.archive.org/web/20171105072800/http://www.mgbasetalliance.org/ MGBASE-T Alliance Category:Ethernet standards