1923 in science

none 1923 science 1923 The year 1923 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Aeronautics January 17 (or 9) – First stable flight of the first rotorcraft, Juan de la Cierva's Cierva C.4 autogyro, in Spain. Astronomy and space science June – Hermann Oberth publishes Die Rakete zu den Planetenräumen ("By Rocket into Planetary Space"). October 21 – First official public showing of a planetarium projector, a Zeiss model at the Deutsches Museum in Munich.Chartrand Mark September 1973 A Fifty Year Anniversary of a Two Thousand Year Dream (The History of the Planetarium) The Planetarian International Planetarium Society 2 3 http://www.ips-planetarium.org/planetarian/articles/twothousandyr_dream.html 0090-3213 2009-02-26 https://web.archive.org/web/20090420022543/http://www.ips-planetarium.org/planetarian/articles/twothousandyr_dream.html 2009-04-20 dead Biology March 23 – The governor of Oklahoma signs House Bill 197 with the Montgomery amendment outlawing the theory of evolution in public school textbooks purchased by the state, the first anti-Darwinian legislation passed in the United States.http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AN011.html Anti-Evolution Movement Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History & Culture Oklahoma Historical Society Larry O'Dell 2010-09-13 https://web.archive.org/web/20101018195600/http://digital.library.okstate.edu/encyclopedia/entries/A/AN011.html 2010-10-18 live Karl von Frisch publishes "Über die 'Sprache' der Bienen. Eine tierpsychologische Untersuchung" ("On the 'language' of bees: an examination of animal psychology").Zoologische Jahrbücher (Physiologie) 40: pp. 1–186. Chemistry Dirk Coster and George de Hevesy publish their discovery of the transition metal element hafnium (72Hf) in zirconium ore, working in Copenhagen (Latin: Hafnia).Nature 111 79 20 January 1923 10.1038/111079a0 On the Missing Element of Atomic Number 72 D. Coster Hevesy G. 2777 1923Natur.111...79C freeThe Discovery and Properties of Hafnium G. Hevesy Chemical Reviews 1925 2 1 10.1021/cr60005a001 Niels Bohr and Dirk Coster, working in Copenhagen, produce a paper on X-ray spectroscopy and the periodic system of the elements.Bohr N. Coster D. December 1923 Röntgenspektren und periodisches System der Elemente Zeitschrift für Physik A 12 1 342–374 10.1007/BF01328104 1923ZPhy...12..342B 120877752 Gilbert N. Lewis and Merle Randall's textbook Thermodynamics and the Free Energy of Chemical Reactions is influential in the replacement of the concept of chemical affinity by free energy.According to chemistry historian Henry M. Leicester. Cryptography Enigma machine first produced commercially.Singh Simon Simon Singh 1999 The Code Book: the Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography London Fourth Estate 1-85702-879-1 Electronics Otto Julius Zobel of Bell Labs describes the type of signal processing filter sections based on the image impedance design principle which will become known as Zobel networks.Zobel O. J. Theory and Design of Uniform and Composite Electric Wave Filters Bell System Technical Journal 2 1923 1–46 10.1002/j.1538-7305.1923.tb00001.x December 29 – Vladimir K. Zworykin files his first patent (in the United States) for "television systems". Exploration Tanager Expedition. Medicine February – The Maudsley Hospital, established jointly by the London County Council and Henry Maudsley, admits its first psychiatric patients. Capgras delusion, a delusional misidentification syndrome, is first described by Joseph Capgras.Capgras Joseph Reboul-Lachaux Jean Illusion des "sosies" dans un délire systématisé chronique Bulletin de la Société Clinique de Médicine Mentale 2 6–16 1923 https://www.biusante.parisdescartes.fr/histoire/medica/resultats/index.php?do=page&cote=epo1250&p=1 Illusion of "doubles" First diphtheria vaccine by Gaston Ramon, Emil von Behring and Kitasato Shibasaburō. Paleontology July 13 – An American Museum of Natural History expedition to Mongolia under Roy Chapman Andrews is the first in the world to discover fossil dinosaur eggs. Initially thought to belong to the ceratopsian Protoceratops, they are determined in 1995 actually to belong to the theropod Oviraptor.David Fastovsky http://www.gso.uri.edu/maritimes/Back_Issues/00%20Summer/Text(htm)/protoceratops.htm Life and Death in a 70 Million-Year-Old Sand Sea 2011-02-14 On August 11 Peter Kaisen recovers the first Velociraptor fossil known.AMNH 6515. Osborn Henry F. Henry Fairfield Osborn 1924 Three new Theropoda, Protoceratops zone, central Mongolia American Museum Novitates 144 1–12 2246/3223 Physics Arthur Eddington publishes the textbook The Mathematical Theory of Relativity in Cambridge. Technology Herbert Grove Dorsey invents the first practical fathometer. Awards Nobel Prizes Physics: Robert Andrews Millikan Chemistry: Fritz Pregl Medicine: Frederick Banting and John Macleod Copley Medal: Horace Lamb Wollaston Medal for Geology: William Whitaker Births January 1 – Daniel Gorenstein (died 1992), American mathematician. January 11 – Robert J. Gorlin (died 2006), American pathologist. February 13 – Chuck Yeager (died 2020), American pilot. February 14 – Doris Calloway, née Howes (died 2001), American nutritionist. February 20 – Helen Murray Free (died 2021), American medical chemist. March 4 – Patrick Moore (died 2012), English astronomer. March 9 – Walter Kohn (died 2016), Viennese-born physicist. March 10 – Val Logsdon Fitch (died 2015), American nuclear physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics. April 1 – Brigitte Askonas (died 2013), Viennese-born British immunologist. April 2 – G. Spencer-Brown (died 2016), English mathematician. April 16 – Stewart Adams (died 2019), English pharmaceutical chemist. April 21 – Albert (Ab) C. Perdeck (died 2009), Dutch ornithologist. April 23 – Walter Pitts (died 1969), American logician and cognitive psychologist. July 5 – Ivo Pitanguy (died 2016), Brazilian plastic surgeon. July 12 – René Favaloro (died 2000), Argentine cardiac surgeon. July 23 – Ulf Grenander (died 2016), Swedish-born mathematician. July 28 – Xia Peisu (died 2014), Chinese computer scientist. July 31 – Stephanie Kwolek (died 2014), American polymer chemist. August 19 – Edgar F. Codd (died 2003), English-born computer scientist. September 9 – Daniel Carleton Gajdusek (died 2008), American virologist. September 13 – Miroslav Holub (died 1998), Czech immunologist and poet. September 26 – John Ertle Oliver (died 2011), American geophysicist. October 29 – Carl Djerassi (died 2015), Viennese-born chemist. November 8 – Jack Kilby (died 2005), American electrical engineer, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics. November 18 – Alan Shepard (died 1998), American astronaut. December 13 – Philip Warren Anderson (died 2020), American physicist, recipient of the Nobel Prize in Physics. December 15 – Freeman Dyson (died 2020), English-born theoretical physicist. Deaths February 10 – Wilhelm Röntgen (born 1845), German physicist, discoverer of X-rays, Nobel laureate. February 24 – Edward Morley (born 1838), American chemist. March 8 – Johannes Diderik van der Waals (born 1837), Dutch physicist. March 27 – James Dewar (born 1842), Scottish-born chemist. April 11 – Mary Treat (born 1830), American naturalist. July 16 – Sydney Mary Thompson (born 1847), Irish-born geologist and botanist. August 23 – Hertha Ayrton (born 1854), English electrical engineer.Catharine M. C. Haines International Women in Science: A Biographical Dictionary to 1950 Santa Barbara ABC-CLIO 2001 978-1-57607-090-1 12 October 3 – Kadambini Ganguly (born 1861), Indian physician. December 2 – Henry Haversham Godwin-Austen (born 1834), English surveyor, geologist and naturalist. December 7 – Sir Frederick Treves (born 1853), English-born surgeon. December 27 – Gustave Eiffel (born 1832), French structural engineer. References Category:20th century in science Category:1920s in science