1978 Costa Rican general election

none January 2024 Costa Rica state 1974 Costa Rican general election 1974 1982 Costa Rican general election 1982 5 February 1978 yes Presidential election presidential 1,058,455 81.27% ( 1.35pp) Rodrigo Carazo Odio.jpg Rodrigo Carazo Rodrigo Altmann José Miguel Alfaro Unity Coalition 419,824 50.51% Luis Alberto Monge Álvarez AL.jpg Luis Alberto Monge Alfonso Carro Juan Rafael Arias National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) 364,285 43.83% Elección Presidencial de Costa Rica (1978) (Distritos Administrativos).svg Results by districtCarazo: #60aefd 30-40% #579ee6 40-50% #4f8ecf 50-60% #467fb8 60-70%Monge: #509577 40–50% #457F66 50–60% #396A55 60–70% #2E5544 70-80% #172A22 90-100%Tie: #AA6EBB 40-50% President Daniel Oduber National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) Rodrigo Carazo Unity Coalition yes Legislative election All 57 seats in the Legislative Assembly 29 81.24% ( 1.35pp) Unity Coalition Rodrigo Carazo Odio 43.41 27 New National Liberation Party (Costa Rica) Luis Alberto Monge 38.86 25 27 United People (Costa Rica) Rodrigo Gutiérrez Sáenz 7.66 3 New Costa Rican Peoples' Front Rodolfo Cerdas Cruz 1.56 1 New Cartago Agrarian Union Party Martín Rolando Brenes 0.96 1 1 Elecciones legislativas de Costa Rica de 1978 - Diputados por Provincia.svg Results by province General elections were held in Costa Rica on 5 February 1978.Dieter Nohlen (2005) Elections in the Americas: A data handbook, Volume I, p 155 978-0-19-928357-6 Rodrigo Carazo Odio of the opposition Unity Coalition won the presidential election. His coalition also obtained the largest number of seats in the Legislative Assembly, but fell two seats short of a majority. Voter turnout was 81%.Nohlen, p 157 Carazo, a former congressman and former member of the National Liberation Party, widely regarded as the country’s dominant political force at the time, left the party in 1972 and founded his own political group, Democratic Renovation. A fragmented opposition in the 1974 election had facilitated a relatively easy victory for the PLN, which secured 43.4% of the vote. In response, leading figures of the non-Marxist opposition began negotiations to present a unified candidacy in subsequent elections.Casas-Zamora Kevin Paying for Democracy: Political Finance and State Funding for Parties 2005 ECPR Press 978-0-9547966-3-1 July 2019Elections and Events 1948-1986 1948 http://libraries.ucsd.edu/collections/about/collections-of-distinction/latin-american-elections-statistics/costa-rica/elections-and-events-19481986.html The Library 16 August 2016 Eventually, these negotiations proved successful, and the principal opposition parties to the right of the government reached an agreement to present a unified candidacy. A primary election was held to select the coalition’s nominee, in which Rodrigo Carazo Odio narrowly defeated the industrialist Miguel Barzuna. Although some leaders withdrew from the coalition following the primary (most notably Jorge González Martén of the National Independent Party and former president Mario Echandi Jiménez) the majority of the opposition leadership remained united.Lentz Harris M. Heads of States and Governments Since 1945 4 February 2014 Routledge 9781134264902 https://books.google.com/books?id=D6HKAgAAQBAJ&q=rodrigo+carazo+1978+costa+rican+election&pg=PA199 16 August 2016 The Unity Coalition was subsequently formed through the alliance of four parties: Carazo’s Democratic Renovation; the Partido Unión Popular (Costa Rica) People’s Union es led by former president José Joaquín Trejos Fernández; the Republican Party led by Rafael Ángel Calderón Fournier, son of former president Rafael Ángel Calderón Guardia; and the Christian Democratic Party headed by Jorge Arturo Monge, the smallest but the most ideologically cohesive group within the coalition.Lehoucq Fabrice The Politics of Modern Central America 27 August 2012 9780521515061 https://books.google.com/books?id=c_ESDXq_ibkC&q=rodrigo+carazo+1978+costa+rican+election&pg=PA61 16 August 2016 The left also made a coalition; the three main far-left parties at the left of the PLN; the People's Vanguard Party, the Costa Rican Socialist Party and Revolutionary People's Movement made the United People coalition,Ameringer Charles D. Political Parties of the Americas, 1980s to 1990s 1992 9780313274183 https://books.google.com/books?id=kD5qi3MyEHYC&q=unity+coalition+1978+costa+rican+election&pg=PA219 16 August 2016 nominating former PLN member and doctor Rodrigo Gutierrez. Although Gutiérrez was not considered a leading contender for the presidency, the coalition contributed to an increase in left-wing electoral support and enabled the parties to secure a more substantial representation in the Legislative Assembly. For many historians, this election is considered the beginning of Costa Rica’s two-party system, which would dominate national politics for more than two decades, lasting until the 2002 general election.White Stephen Webb Paul Party Politics in New Democracies 20 September 2007 Oxford University Press 9780199289653 https://books.google.com/books?id=-tYSDAAAQBAJ&q=unity+coalition+1978+costa+rican+election&pg=PA311 16 August 2016 Results President Rodrigo Carazo Odio Unity Coalition 419824 Luis Alberto Monge National Liberation Party 364285 Rodrigo Alberto Gutiérrez Sáenz es United People 22740 Guillermo Villalobos Arce es National Unification Party 13666 Gerardo Villalobos Garita Independent Party (Costa Rica) es Partido Independiente (Costa Rica) Independent Party 3822 Jorge González Martén es National Independent Party 3323 Carlos Coronado Vargas Workers' Socialist Organization Party es Partido Organización Socialista de los Trabajadores 1868 #5C0909 Rodrigo Cordero Víquez Democratic Party 1613 23691 5374 1058455 Election Resources By province Province Carazo % Monge % Gutiérrez % Villalobos % Villalobos % González % Coronado % Cordero% San José 52.1 42.4 2.9 1.4 0.4 0.4 0.2 0.1 Alajuela 50.6 45.7 1.6 1.2 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.1 Cartago 47.1 47.3 2.0 1.9 0.6 0.6 0.2 0.3 Heredia 51.2 44.2 2.9 0.9 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 Puntarenas 48.0 42.8 4.6 2.8 0.6 0.6 0.3 0.3 Limón 49.9 38.3 5.9 3.7 0.7 0.7 0.4 0.4 Guanacaste 49.3 46.2 1.4 1.7 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.3 Total 50.5 43.8 2.7 1.6 0.5 0.4 0.2 0.2 Legislative Assembly File:Costa Rica Legislative Assembly 1978.svg Unity Coalition 356215 27 New National Liberation Party 318904 25 –2 United People 62865 3 New National Unification Party 25824 0 –16 Costa Rican Peoples' Front es Frente Popular Costarricense 12834 1 +1 Republican Union Party 8215 0 New Cartago Agrarian Union Party 7887 1 0 National Independent Party 6673 0 –6 Independent Party (Costa Rica) es Partido Independiente (Costa Rica) Independent Party 5774 0 0 Workers' Socialist Organization Party es Partido Organización Socialista de los Trabajadores 4059 0 New #5C0909 Democratic Party 3083 0 –1 Authentic Limonense Party 2954 0 New Costa Rican Concord Party 2542 0 New Authentic Puntarenense Party 1729 0 New National Labour Party 1002 0 New #F10C32 25731 13597 0 1058455 Election Resources By province Province CU PLN PU PUN FPCR PUR PNI PI POST PD Others % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S % S San José 44.610 36.98 9.32 2.10 3.11 0.80 0.50 0.70 1.20 0.4 0 0.3 0 Alajuela 46.25 42.85 4.20 4.30 -- 1.00 0.80 0.70 0.50 0.4 0 1.2 0 Cartago 36.72 39.23 5.60 3.50 -- 1.90 1.30 1.10 -- 0.6 0 10.1 1 Heredia 44.72 40.52 9.50 2.20 -- 0.50 0.70 0.70 -- 0.2 0 1.0 0 Puntarenas 39.73 38.33 8.91 4.30 3.00 1.20 1.00 0.90 -- 0.4 0 2.3 0 Limón 38.72 30.32 12.00 4.50 -- 2.10 3.20 0.90 -- 0.5 0 7.8 0 Guanacaste 45.53 43.02 4.20 4.10 -- 1.30 0.70 0.60 -- 0.3 0 0.2 0 Total 43.427 38.925 7.73 3.10 1.61 1.00 0.80 0.70 0.40 0.40 2.00 Local governments Alderpeople +/– Municipalsyndics +/– Unity Coalition 365902 230 New 228 New National Liberation Party 328009 213 –12 177 –173 United People 52707 23 New 0 New National Unification Party 29598 4 –146 0 –37 Costa Rican Peoples' Front es Frente Popular Costarricense 10153 1 +1 0 0 Republican Union Party 10005 0 New 0 New National Independent Party 7623 0 –48 0 –2 Independent Party (Costa Rica) es Partido Independiente (Costa Rica) Independent Party 3726 1 +1 1 +1 Democratic Party of the People 2254 0 New 0 New #A58B00 Authentic Puntarenense Party 2207 1 New 0 New Desamparadenean Alliance Party 2062 1 New 0 New #8572A5 Authentic Limonense Party 2008 1 New 0 New Costa Rican Concord Party 1705 0 New 0 New Worker-Peasant Party 1104 1 New 0 New Democratic Party 568 0 0 0 0 Workers' Socialist Organization Party es Partido Organización Socialista de los Trabajadores 461 0 New 0 New #5C0909 +9 +16 39909 1058445 TSEhttp://atlaselectoral.tse.go.cr/regiduria/1978/area Elecciones Regidurías 1978 Spanish tse.go.cr Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones 21 May 2020 References Costa General Category:Parliamentary elections in Costa Rica Category:Presidential elections in Costa Rica