1868 San Fernando massacre

1868 massacre in Paraguay the 2010 San Fernando massacre, or the 2011 San Fernando massacre, which took place in Mexico the Paraguayan War San Fernando massacre Prisioneros de guerra y familias paraguayas torturadas por Lopez.jpg 300px Lithography depicting war prisoners and Paraguayan families captured and tortured in San Fernando Francisco Solano López San Fernando, Paraguay 21 December 1868 The San Fernando massacre (es Matanza de San Fernando) was an episode that took place on 21 December 1868, on the eve of the Battle of Lomas Valentinas, during the Pikysyry campaign in the Paraguayan War, which consisted of the summary trial and execution of hundreds of prisoners by order of Paraguayan president Francisco Solano López. Some prisoners were accused of plotting an alleged conspiracy to overthrow López. Among the dead was López's own brother, Benigno López. The massacre right 300 Le général Barrios, ministre de la guerre, beau-frère du président.jpg 300 S. Ém. Don M. Palacios, évêque du Paraguay.jpg 300 Benigno Lopez (executed by his brother, Dec. 27, 1868).jpg 300 † General Vicente Barrios, bishop Manuel Antonio Palacios and Benigno López, executed in December 1868 López left Humaitá with his troops in March 1868 and set camp in San Fernando, where he learned that many government officials were plotting to betray himBorga 2015 75 and negotiate peace with the allies, including his brother Benigno López, headed by the American Ambassador to Paraguay Charles Ames Washburn.Borga 2015 219 López then formed a council of war to try the conspirators, where hundreds were executed. For the task, López sent colonel Hilario Marcó on 21 December 1868, though eventually he formed 6 tribunals to try the accused (for whom no defense was allowed).Centurión 1897 201-203 Among the dead were: José Berges and Gumersindo Benítez, former ministers of Foreign Affairs of Paraguay, general José María Bruguez, general Vicente Barrios, former minister of War and Navy and brother-in-law of López, colonel Manuel Núñez, colonel Paulino Alén Benítez, sergeant major Vicente Mora, bishop of Paraguay Manuel Antonio Palacios, dean Eugenio Bogado, priest Vicente Bazán, priest Juan Bautista Zalduondo, Carlos Riveros, Saturnino Bedoya, also brother-in-law of López, Gaspar López, Juliana Insfrán de Martínez, wife of colonel Francisco Martínez, defender of Humaitá, shot in the back as a "traitor of the fatherland and the Supreme Government" after her husband had surrendered the fortress, Dolores Recalde, María de Jesús Egusquiza Quevedo, the Portuguese consul José Maria Leite Pereira, the leader of the Uruguayan Blanco Party Antonio de Las Carreras, the former secretary of the Uruguayan Legation Francisco Rodríguez Larrata, the Italian captain Simón Fidanza, among many others.February 2024 Historiography Juan Crisóstomo Centurión, a veteran Paraguayan army officer who had at times contributed with the tribunals of San Fernando, raised, in his memoirs, the possibility that some of the conspiracies confronted by them were real.Centurión 1897 370-378 Other sources of the time are more categorically negative on the existence of a threat to Solano López' power, such as George Thompson and George Frederick Masterman.Thompson 1869Masterman 1870 Overall the historiography on the San Fernando massacre tends to be either positive or negative depending on the author in question's view of López. References Citations Bibliography Borga Ricardo Nunes Questões do Prata - Guerra da Tríplice Aliança, o conflito que mudou a América do Sul Clube de Autores 2015 2 Rio de Janeiro pt Centurión Juan C. Memorias del coronel Juan Crisóstomo Centurión: ó sea Reminiscencias históricas sobre la guerra del Paraguay, Volumen 3 J. A. Barra 1897 Buenos Aires es Masterman George F. Siete años de aventuras en el Paraguay Imprenta Americana 1870 Buenos Aires es Thompson George La guerra del Paraguay: acompañada de un bosquejo histórico del país y con notas sobre la ingeniería militar de la guerra Imprenta Americana 1869 Buenos Aires es Paraguay Category:Paraguayan War Category:Massacres in 1868 Category:Massacres in Paraguay Category:December 1868 Category:19th-century murders in South America San Fernando massacre Category:1868 crimes in South America Category:1868 murders Category:War crimes Category:19th-century prisoner-of-war massacres