1984 Nicaraguan general election

Election in Nicaragua December 2021 Nicaragua 1974 Nicaraguan general election 1974 1984 11 04 y 1990 Nicaraguan general election 1990 yes Presidential election presidential 75.42% Felipe González comparece en rueda de prensa con el presidente de Nicaragua. Pool Moncloa. 26 de abril de 1989 (cropped).jpeg Daniel Ortega Sandinista National Liberation Front Sergio Ramírez 735,967 66.97% 3x4.svg Clemente Guido Democratic Conservative Party Merceditas Rodriguez de Chamorro 154,327 14.04% Elecciones presidenciales de Nicaragua de 1984 - Resultados por departamento.svg Results by department President Daniel Ortega Sandinista National Liberation Front Daniel Ortega Sandinista National Liberation Front yes Parliamentary election 90 of 96 seats in the National Assembly 46 Daniel Ortega Sandinista National Liberation Front New 61 66.78 Clemente Guido Democratic Conservative Party New 13 14.00 Virgilio Godoy Independent Liberal Party (Nicaragua) New 8 9.66 Mauricio Díaz Popular Social Christian Party New 5 5.63 Allan Zambrana Communist New 1 1.48 Domingo Sánchez PSN New 1 1.40 Isidro Téllez MAP-ML New 1 1.04 Elecciones legislativas de Nicaragua de 1984 - Resultados por circunscripción.svg Results by constituency President of the National Assembly Carlos Núñez Sandinista National Liberation Front General elections were held in Nicaragua on 4 November 1984, to elect a president and parliament. Approximately 1.2 million Nicaraguans voted,Williams, Philip J. "Elections and democratization in Nicaragua: the 1990 elections in perspective." Journal of Interamerican Studies 32, 4:13-34 (winter 1990). p15 representing a 75% turnout, with 94% of eligible voters registered. Three of the opposition parties in Nicaragua boycotted the election.Thaler Kai M. Mosinger Eric 2022 Nicaragua: Doubling Down on Dictatorship https://muse.jhu.edu/article/852750 Journal of Democracy 33 2 133–146 1086-3214 However, American and British observers concluded that the elections were generally free and fair."1984: Sandinistas claim election victory" BBC News, November 5, 1984"NICARAGUAN VOTE: 'FREE, FAIR, HOTLY CONTESTED'" The New York Times The election date, 4 November was selected so that Nicaragua would have a legitimate, elected government in place before the anticipated reelection of U.S. president Ronald Reagan on 6 November. "The Sandinistas hoped that a competitive election with heavy turnout would deter a U.S. military intervention and reassure the FSLN's defenders."Cornelius, Wayne A. "The Nicaraguan elections of 1984: a reassessment of their domestic and international significance." Drake, Paul W. and Eduardo Silva. 1986. Elections and democratization in Latin America, 1980-85. La Jolla: Center for Iberian and Latin American Studies, Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, Institute of the Americas, University of California, San Diego. Pp. 62. Between 1982 and 1984 the FSLN negotiated with the opposition on the proposed Political Parties Law and Electoral Law, and ultimately these were modified "in response to several of the opposition's most significant demands."Williams (1990:17-18) Similarly, multiple extensions of the deadline for candidate registration were granted whilst talks with the opposition continued.Williams (1990:18) Coordinadora Democrática participation The United States' policy towards Nicaragua played a key role in the election.Williams, Philip J. "Elections and democratization in Nicaragua: the 1990 elections in perspective." Journal of Interamerican Studies 32, 4:13-34 (winter 1990). p16 The Reagan administration was divided over whether or not the rightwing coalition Coordinadora Democrática Nicaragüense ("Democratic Coordinating Committee", CDN) should participate in the elections. The CDN was a coalition of right-wing parties including the Social Christians, Social Democrats, and the Constitutionalist Liberal Party. Hardliners in the CIA and NSC wanted a boycott, believing participation in the election would only serve to legitimize the Sandinista regime, while moderates in the US State Department thought that the opposition should enter the contest. This division among the administration "only complicated the efforts of the Coordinadora to develop a coherent electoral strategy." Eventually, pressure from the hardliners and public statements from President Ronald Reagan dismissing the elections as "farcical" gave those in favor of a boycott the upper hand. However, while members of the CDN sought to gain leverage and increase their bargaining power with the Sandinistas, the Reagan administration was not motivated by an interest in helping the opposition, but rather a desire to bolster the contras by undermining the election and to justify their own military pressure against the Sandinista government. Ultimately, though the CDN decided to abstain, a total of seven political parties took part in the November elections. Of those, three were ideologically to the right of the Sandinistas – the Democratic Conservative Party, the Independent Liberal Party, and the Popular Social Christian Party – and three were to their left – the Communist Party, the Socialist Party, and the Marxist–Lennist Popular Action Movement.Smith, Hazel. Nicaragua: self-determination and survival. London : Pluto Press. 1993. Pp. 149. Results President Daniel Ortega Sandinista National Liberation Front 735967 Clemente Guido Chavez Democratic Conservative Party 154327 Virgilio Godoy Reyes Independent Liberal Party  105560 Mauricio Díaz Dávila Popular Social Christian Party 61199 Allan Zambrana Salmerón Communist Party of Nicaragua 16034 Domingo Sánchez Salgado Nicaraguan Socialist Party 14494 Isidro Téllez Toruño Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement 11352 71209 1551597 Nohlen National Assembly All parties except the FSLN were awarded an additional seat for the party's unsuccessful presidential candidate. File:Asamblea Nacional de Nicaragua 1985.svg Sandinista National Liberation Front 729159 61 Democratic Conservative Party 152883 14 Independent Liberal Party 105497 9 Popular Social Christian Party 61525 6 Communist Party of Nicaragua 16165 2 Nicaraguan Socialist Party 15306 2 Marxist–Leninist Popular Action Movement 11343 2 78224 1551597 Nohlen Aftermath Although assessments from external observers such as Baron Chitnis, the Latin American Studies Association,https://lasa-4.lasa.pitt.edu/members/reports/ElectoralProcessNicaragua.pdf "THE ELECTORAL PROCESS IN NICARAGUA: DOMESTIC AND INTERNATIONAL INFLUENCES" 2015-12-01 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208164406/https://lasa-4.lasa.pitt.edu/members/reports/ElectoralProcessNicaragua.pdf 2015-12-08 dead and the international press were in widely shared agreement that Nicaragua's 1984 election had been free and fair, the Reagan administration denounced the vote as a "Soviet-style sham". The U.S. escalated its diplomatic and propaganda campaign against the Sandinista government and increased military aid to the Contras. "This undercut the new regime's legitimacy abroad and frustrated its hopes that the 1984 vote might smooth the way at home."Booth, John A. "Electoral observation and democratic transition in Nicaragua." Electoral observation and democratic transitions in Latin America. 1998. La Jolla: Center for U.S.-Mexican Studies, University of California, San Diego. Pp. 189. May 1985 saw a trade embargo imposed by the US, followed by $27 million of "non-lethal" aid to the Contras, supplemented by $37 million of secret "lethal" aid.Williams (1990:19) This led to the October 1985 reimposition of a State of Emergency in Nicaragua. References Bibliography Alcántara Sáez, Manuel. Sistemas políticos de América Latina. Madrid: Tecnos. Two volumes. Volume two is "México. Los países del Caribe y de América Central." 1989. Alcántara Sáez, Manuel. 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Journal of Interamerican Studies 32, 4:13-34 (winter 1990). Williams, Philip J. "Dual transitions from authoritarian rule: popular and electoral democracy in Nicaragua." Comparative politics 26, 2:169-185 (January 1994). Category:Nicaraguan Revolution Category:Elections in Nicaragua General Nicaragua Category:Presidential elections in Nicaragua Category:Foreign electoral intervention Category:Nicaragua–United States relations