2010 Haiti earthquake

Magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake October 2024 Goudougoudou ht 2010 Haiti earthquake Ruins of Haiti National Palace - Port au Prince 2012.jpg The heavily damaged National Palace of Haiti after the earthquake 2010-01-12 21:53:10 14226221 iscgem14226221 12 January 2010 $7.8 billion – 8.5 billionKimberly Amadeo 19 October 2019 Haiti's 2010 Earthquake Caused Lasting Damage https://www.thebalance.com/haiti-earthquake-facts-damage-effects-on-economy-3305660 The Balance 19 October 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191019080126/https://www.thebalance.com/haiti-earthquake-facts-damage-effects-on-economy-3305660 live 16:53:10 EST Haiti 275 The epicenter of the earthquake and the surrounding major cities in Haiti. 7.0 Mw Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone 13 km mi on 18.46 N 72.53 W type:event_region:HT inline,title dms Haiti, Dominican Republic 10H. Kit Miyamoto Amir S. J. Gilani Ken Wong Massive Damage Assessment Program and Repair and Reconstruction Strategy in the Aftermath of the 2010 Haiti Earthquake Earthquake Spectra 1 October 2011 27 1 219–237 10.1193/1.3631293 2011EarSp..27..219M 110899301 0.5 ghttps://latimes.com/news/local/la-me-quake-california-20110226,0,1231448.story New Zealand quake raises questions about L.A. buildings Lin Rong-Gong Allen Sam Los Angeles Times 26 February 2011 27 February 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110303174617/http://www.latimes.com/news/local/la-me-quake-california-20110226%2C0%2C1231448.story 3 March 2011 live 3 m ft 100,000–160,000 deadThe Haitian government estimated the death toll to range from 220,000Haiti quake death toll rises to 230,000 10 February 2010 BBC https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8507531.stm 10 February 2010 28 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161228181752/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8507531.stm live"A Call to Action: Haiti at 6 months" https://web.archive.org/web/20110311065525/http://www.worldvision.com.au/Issues/Emergencies/Current_Emergencies/HaitiEarthquake/ACallToAction_Haiti6Months.aspx 11 March 2011 , World Vision Australia (12 July 2010). Retrieved 13 January 2011 to 316,000,https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/most_destructive.php Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths 17 March 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130605122458/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/world/most_destructive.php 5 June 2013 United States Geological Survey, Earthquakes with 50,000 or More Deaths although these figures are from a government estimate widely charged with being deliberately inflated and a matter of some dispute. https://web.archive.org/web/20160130060859/http://www.cjr.org/behind_the_news/one_year_later_haitian_earthqu.php?page=all 30 January 2016 Columbia Journalism Review, "Two Years Later, Haitian Earthquake Death Toll in Dispute", 20 January 2012 A figure of about 160,000 is provided in a 2010 University of Michigan study.10.1080/13623699.2010.535279 21314081 26 4 Mortality, crime and access to basic needs before and after the Haiti earthquake: a random survey of Port-au-Prince households 2010 Medicine, Conflict and Survival 281–297 Kolbe Athena R. Hutson Royce A. Shannon Harry Trzcinski Eileen Miles Bart Levitz Naomi Puccio Marie James Leah Roger Noel Jean Muggah Robert 26000167 30 seconds A catastrophic magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake struck Haiti at 16:53 local time (21:53 UTC) on Tuesday, 12 January 2010. The epicenter was near the town of Léogâne, Ouest department, approximately 25 km west of Port-au-Prince, Haiti's capital. The earthquake is locally nicknamed ht Goudougoudou, an onomatopoeia for the sound of collapsing buildings.Ulysse Gina Athena 2011 Haiti’s Earthquake’s Nickname and Some Women’s Trauma https://muse.jhu.edu/verify?url=%2Fpub%2F3%2Farticle%2F464001%2Fpdf&r=2119808 Meridians: feminism, race, transnationalism 11 1 141-143 2026-09-22 Project MuseSchott Ben July 21, 2010 Goudou Goudou https://archive.nytimes.com/schott.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/07/21/goudou-goudou/ 2026-09-22 Schott’s Vocab Blog Schott's Vocab en By 24 January, at least 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater had been recorded. An estimated three million people were affected by the quake. Death toll estimates range from 100,000 to about 160,000; the Haitian government estimated the death toll to range from 220,000"A Call to Action: Haiti at 6 months" https://web.archive.org/web/20110311065525/http://www.worldvision.com.au/Issues/Emergencies/Current_Emergencies/HaitiEarthquake/ACallToAction_Haiti6Months.aspx 11 March 2011 , World Vision Australia (12 July 2010). Retrieved 13 January 2011 to 316,000, although these figures are a matter of some dispute. The earthquake is the deadliest natural disaster of the 21st century for a single country.January 2024 D. Tin etal Natural disasters: a comprehensive study using EMDAT database 1995–2022 255–260 10.1016/j.puhe.2023.11.017 Public Health 1476-5616 226 free 38091814 The government of Haiti estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings had collapsed or were severely damaged.Haitians angry over slow aid Clarens Renois The Age 5 February 2010 http://www.theage.com.au/world/haitians-angry-over-slow-aid-20100204-ng2g.html 5 February 2010 Melbourne https://web.archive.org/web/20100207005409/http://www.theage.com.au/world/haitians-angry-over-slow-aid-20100204-ng2g.html 7 February 2010 dead Haiti's history of national debt, prejudicial trade policies by other countries, and foreign intervention into national affairs contributed to the existing poverty and poor housing conditions that increased the death toll from the disaster.Bell Beverly 2013 Fault Lines: Views across Haiti's Divide Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press 32–40 978-0-8014-7769-0 The earthquake caused major damage in Port-au-Prince, Jacmel and other cities in the region. Notable landmark buildings were significantly damaged or destroyed, including the Presidential Palace, the National Assembly building, the Port-au-Prince Cathedral, and the main jail. Among those killed were Archbishop of Port-au-Prince Joseph Serge Miot and opposition leader Micha Gaillard. The headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH), located in the capital, collapsed, killing many, including the mission's chief, Hédi Annabi. Many countries responded to appeals for humanitarian aid, pledging funds and dispatching rescue and medical teams, engineers and support personnel. The most-watched telethon in history aired on 22 January, called Hope for Haiti Now, raising US$58 million by the next day.McAlister Elizabeth 2012 Soundscapes of Disaster and Humanitarianism: Survival Singing, Relief Telethons, and the Haiti Earthquake Small Axe: A Caribbean Journal of Criticism 16 3 39 22–38 10.1215/07990537-1894078 144995319 0799-0537 https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/div2facpubs/158 10 December 2019 6 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190106163204/https://wesscholar.wesleyan.edu/div2facpubs/158/ live Communication systems, air, land, and sea transport facilities, hospitals, and electrical networks had been damaged by the earthquake, which hampered rescue and aid efforts; confusion over who was in charge, air traffic congestion, and problems with prioritising flights further complicated early relief work. Port-au-Prince's morgues were overwhelmed with tens of thousands of bodies. These had to be buried in mass graves. As rescues tailed off, supplies, medical care and sanitation became priorities. Delays in aid distribution led to angry appeals from aid workers and survivors, and looting and sporadic violence were observed. On 22 January, the United Nations noted that the emergency phase of the relief operation was drawing to a close, and on the following day, the Haitian government officially called off the search for survivors. Background The island of Hispaniola, shared by Haiti and the Dominican Republic, is seismically active and has a history of destructive earthquakes. During Haiti's time as a French colony, earthquakes were recorded by French historian Moreau de Saint-Méry (1750–1819). He described damage done by an earthquake in 1751, writing that "only one masonry building had not collapsed" in Port-au-Prince; he also wrote that the "whole city collapsed" in the 1770 Port-au-Prince earthquake. Cap-Haïtien, other towns in the north of Haiti and the Dominican Republic, and the Sans-Souci Palace were destroyed during an earthquake on 7 May 1842. A magnitude 8.0 earthquake struck the Dominican Republic and shook Haiti on 4 August 1946, producing a tsunami that killed 1,790 people and injured many others. Haiti is the poorest country in the Western Hemisphere and is ranked 149th of 182 countries on the Human Development Index. The Australian government's travel advisory site had previously expressed concerns that Haitian emergency services would be unable to cope in the event of a major disaster, and the country is considered "economically vulnerable" by the Food and Agriculture Organization. Haiti has experienced a number of natural disasters. In addition to earthquakes, it has been struck frequently by tropical cyclones, which have caused flooding and widespread damage. The most recent cyclones to hit the island before the earthquake were Tropical Storm Fay and hurricanes Gustav, Hanna and Ike, all in the summer of 2008, causing nearly 800 deaths. Geology thumb|left|USGS intensity map thumb|Map showing regional tectonic setting of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone thumb|Tiny dots of white against the plant-covered landscape (red in this image) are possible landslides, a common occurrence in mountainous terrain after large earthquakes. The Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone runs along the two linear valleys at the top of the image. The magnitude 7.0 Mw earthquake occurred inland, on 12 January 2010 at 16:53 (UTC−05:00), approximately 25 km mi on WSW from Port-au-Prince at a depth of 13 km mi on on blind thrust faults associated with the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system and lasted less than 30 seconds. https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/earthquake-in-haiti-gone-in-30-seconds-1870284.html Earthquake in Haiti: Gone in 30 seconds Randall David 17 January 2010 The Independent 22 August 2019 22 August 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190822190507/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/americas/earthquake-in-haiti-gone-in-30-seconds-1870284.html live There is no evidence of surface rupture; based on seismological, geological and ground deformation data, it is also thought that the earthquake did not involve significant lateral slip on the main Enriquillo fault.Hayes G.P. Briggs R.W. 2010 Complex rupture during the 12 January 2010 Haiti earthquake Nature Geoscience 10.1038/ngeo977 3 11 800–805 2010NatGe...3..800H Sladen A. Fielding E. J. Prentice C. Hudnut K. Mann P. Taylor F. W. Crone A. J. Gold R. Ito T. Simons M. https://authors.library.caltech.edu/21200/2/ngeo977-s1.pdf 6 July 2019 2 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171202124109/https://authors.library.caltech.edu/21200/2/ngeo977-s1.pdf live Strong shaking associated with intensity IX on the Modified Mercalli scale (MM) was recorded in Port-au-Prince and its suburbs. It was also felt in several surrounding countries and regions, including Cuba (MM III in Guantánamo), Jamaica (MM II in Kingston), Venezuela (MM II in Caracas), Puerto Rico (MM II–III in San Juan), and the bordering Dominican Republic (MM III in Santo Domingo). According to estimates from the U.S. Geological Survey, approximately 3.5 million people lived in the area that experienced shaking intensity of MM VII to X, a range that can cause moderate to very heavy damage even to earthquake-resistant structures. Shaking damage was more severe than for other quakes of similar magnitude due to the quake's shallow depth.Bachelet Michelle More than 2 million affected by earthquake, Chile's president says CNN 27 February 2010 http://articles.cnn.com/2010-02-27/world/chile.quake_1_magnitude-haiti-quake-chilean-president-michelle-bachelet?_s=PM:WORLD 8 November 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120118025211/http://articles.cnn.com/2010-02-27/world/chile.quake_1_magnitude-haiti-quake-chilean-president-michelle-bachelet?_s=PM%3AWORLD 18 January 2012Frequently Asked Questions https://web.archive.org/web/20101203020426/http://www.crustal.ucsb.edu/outreach/faq.php 3 December 2010 Institute for Crustal Studies The quake occurred in the vicinity of the northern boundary where the Caribbean tectonic plate shifts eastwards by about 20 mm in on per year in relation to the North American plate. The strike-slip fault system in the region has two branches in Haiti, the Septentrional-Oriente fault in the north and the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault in the south; both its location and focal mechanism suggested that the January 2010 quake was caused by a rupture of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault, which had been locked for 250 years, gathering stress. However, a study published in May 2010 suggested that the rupture process may have involved slip on multiple blind thrust faults with only minor, deep, lateral slip along or near the main Enriquillo–Plantain Garden fault zone, suggesting that the event only partially relieved centuries of accumulated left-lateral strain on a small part of the plate-boundary system. The rupture was roughly 65 km mi on long with mean slip of 1.8 m. Preliminary analysis of the slip distribution found amplitudes of up to about 4 m on using ground motion records from all over the world. A 2007 earthquake hazard study by C. DeMets and M. Wiggins-Grandison noted that the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault zone could be at the end of its seismic cycle and concluded that a worst-case forecast would involve a 7.2 Mw earthquake, similar in size to the 1692 Jamaica earthquake. Paul Mann and a group including the 2006 study team presented a hazard assessment of the Enriquillo-Plantain Garden fault system to the 18th Caribbean Geologic Conference in March 2008, noting the large strain; the team recommended "high priority" historical geologic rupture studies, as the fault was fully locked and had recorded few earthquakes in the preceding 40 years. An article published in Haiti's Le Matin newspaper in September 2008 cited comments by geologist Patrick Charles to the effect that there was a high risk of major seismic activity in Port-au-Prince. Aftershocks thumb|History of the main shock and aftershocks with magnitudes larger than 4.0, data from USGS The U.S. Geological Survey recorded eight aftershocks in the two hours after the main earthquake, with magnitudes between 4.3 and 5.9. Within the first nine hours, 32 aftershocks of magnitude 4.2 or greater were recorded, 12 of which measured magnitude 5.0 or greater; in addition, on 24 January, the US Geological Survey reported that there had been 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater since the main quake. On 20 January, at 06:03 local time (11:03 UTC), the strongest aftershock since the earthquake, measuring magnitude 5.9 Mw, struck Haiti. USGS reported its epicenter was about 56 km mi on WSW of Port-au-Prince, which would place it almost exactly under the coastal town of Petit-Goâve. A UN representative reported that the aftershock collapsed seven buildings in the town. According to staff of the International Committee of the Red Cross, which had reached Petit-Goâve for the first time the day before the aftershock, the town was estimated to have lost 15% of its buildings, and was suffering the same shortages of supplies and medical care as the capital.Haiti earthquake: reaching victims outside the capital https://web.archive.org/web/20210502113711/https://www.icrc.org/en 2 May 2021 , International Committee of the Red Cross, 19 January 2010 Workers from the charity Save the Children reported hearing "already weakened structures collapsing" in Port-au-Prince, but most sources reported no further significant damage to infrastructure in the city. Further casualties are thought to have been minimal since people had been sleeping in the open. There are concerns that the main earthquake could be the beginning of a new long-term sequence: "the whole region is fearful"; historical accounts, although not precise, suggest that there has been a sequence of quakes progressing westwards along the fault, starting with an earthquake in the Dominican Republic in 1751. Tsunami The Pacific Tsunami Warning Center issued a tsunami warning immediately after the initial quake, but quickly cancelled it.http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/caribe/2010/caribe.2010.01.12.233517.txt Tsunami Message Number 3 NOAA 12 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100115063820/http://www.prh.noaa.gov/ptwc/messages/caribe/2010/caribe.2010.01.12.233517.txt 15 January 2010 live Nearly two weeks later it was reported that the beach of the small fishing town of Petit Paradis was hit by a localised tsunami shortly after the earthquake, probably as a result of an underwater landslide, and this was later confirmed by researchers.Lessons to be learned from Haiti's tsunami https://web.archive.org/web/20260528021011/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/8536561.stm 28 May 2026 BBC News, 25 February 2010 At least three people were swept out to sea by the wave and were reported dead. Witnesses told reporters that the sea first retreated and a "very big wave" followed rapidly, crashing ashore and sweeping boats and debris into the ocean.Rich Phillips Senior Producer http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/22/haiti.paradise.lost/ In Petit Paradis, earthquake then tsunami CNN 20 January 2010 24 February 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100126123240/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/22/haiti.paradise.lost/ 26 January 2010 live The tsunami reached heights up to 3 m on.16 August 2021 Deadly Tsunami Hits Haiti After Quake National Geographic 23 February 2010 https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/100223-haiti-earthquake-tsunamis-swarm https://web.archive.org/web/20210816141312/https://www.nationalgeographic.com/science/article/100223-haiti-earthquake-tsunamis-swarm dead 16 August 2021 Damage to infrastructure Damage to infrastructure in the 2010 Haiti earthquake thumb|Damaged buildings in Port-au-Prince Essential services The quake affected the three Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders) medical facilities around Port-au-Prince, causing one to collapse completely. A hospital in Pétion-Ville, a wealthy suburb of Port-au-Prince, also collapsed, as did the St. Michel District Hospital in the southern town of Jacmel, which was the largest referral hospital in south-east Haiti. thumb|left|Damaged buildings in Jacmel The quake seriously damaged the control tower at Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport. Damage to the Port-au-Prince seaport rendered the harbor unusable for immediate rescue operations; its container crane subsided severely at an angle because of weak foundations. Gonaïves seaport in northern Haiti remained operational. Roads were blocked with road debris or the surfaces broken. The main road linking Port-au-Prince with Jacmel remained blocked ten days after the earthquake, hampering delivery of aid to Jacmel. When asked why the road had not been opened, Hazem el-Zein, head of the south-east division of the UN World Food Programme said that "We ask the same questions to the people in charge...They promise rapid response. To be honest, I don't know why it hasn't been done. I can only think that their priority must be somewhere else." There was considerable damage to communications infrastructure. The public telephone system was not available, and two of Haiti's largest cellular telephone providers, Digicel and Comcel Haiti, both reported that their services had been affected by the earthquake. Fibre-optic connectivity was also disrupted. According to Reporters Sans Frontières (RSF), Radio Lumière, which broadcasts out of Port-au-Prince and reaches 90% of Haiti, was initially knocked off the air, but it was able to resume broadcasting across most of its network within a week. According to RSF, some 20 of about 50 stations that were active in the capital region before the earthquake were back on air a week after the quake. General infrastructure thumb|left|Large portions of the National Palace collapsed In February 2010, Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive estimated that 250,000 residences and 30,000 commercial buildings were severely damaged and needed to be demolished. The deputy mayor of Léogâne reported that 90% of the town's buildings had been destroyed. Many government and public buildings were damaged or destroyed including the Palace of Justice, the National Assembly, the Supreme Court and Port-au-Prince Cathedral. The National Palace was severely damaged, though President René Préval and his wife Elisabeth Delatour Préval escaped without injury. The Prison Civile de Port-au-Prince was also destroyed, allowing around 4,000 inmates to escape. thumb|Léogâne, close to the earthquake epicenter Most of Port-au-Prince's municipal buildings were destroyed or heavily damaged, including the City Hall, which was described by The Washington Post as, "a skeletal hulk of concrete and stucco, sagging grotesquely to the left." Port-au-Prince had no municipal petrol reserves and few city officials had working mobile phones before the earthquake, making communications and transportation very difficult. Minister of Education Joel Jean-Pierre stated that the education system had "totally collapsed". About half the nation's schools and the three main universities in Port-au-Prince were affected. More than 1,300 schools and 50 health care facilities were destroyed.Ken Hackett Support is touching lives Florida Catholic Orlando, Florida A2 6–19 August 2010 The earthquake also destroyed a nursing school in the capital and severely damaged the country's primary midwifery school. The Haitian art world suffered great losses; artworks were destroyed, and museums and art galleries were extensively damaged, among them Port-au-Prince's main art museum, Centre d'Art school, College Saint Pierre and Holy Trinity Cathedral. The headquarters of the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti (MINUSTAH) at Christopher Hotel and offices of the World Bank were destroyed. The building housing the offices of Citibank in Port-au-Prince collapsed, killing five employees. The clothing industry, which accounts for two-thirds of Haiti's exports, reported structural damage at manufacturing facilities. The quake created a landslide dam on the Rivière de Grand Goâve. February 2010 the water level was low, but engineer Yves Gattereau believed the dam could collapse during the rainy season, which would flood Grand-Goâve 12 km on downstream. Conditions in the aftermath 2010 Haiti cholera outbreak thumb|Assistance camp set up by the Brazilian Army In the nights following the earthquake, many people in Haiti slept in the streets, on pavements, in their cars, or in makeshift shanty towns either because their houses had been destroyed, or they feared standing structures would not withstand aftershocks.Charles, Jacqueline, Clark, Lesley, Robles, Frances Supplies begin to arrive in Haiti as aftershocks shake stunned nation https://web.archive.org/web/20160304052548/http://www.palmbeachpost.com/news/news/state-regional/supplies-begin-to-arrive-in-haiti-as-aftershocks-s/nLxLy/ 4 March 2016 , The Miami Herald, 14 January 2010 Construction standards are low in Haiti; the country has no building codes. Engineers have stated that it is unlikely many buildings would have stood through any kind of disaster. Structures are often raised wherever they can fit; some buildings were built on slopes with insufficient foundations or steel supports.Watkins, Tom (13 January 2010) Problems with Haiti building standards outlined https://web.archive.org/web/20100120002802/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/13/haiti.construction/index.html?iref=allsearch 20 January 2010 CNN, 13 January 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2010. A representative of Catholic Relief Services has estimated that about two million Haitians lived as squatters on land they did not own. The country also suffered from shortages of fuel and potable water even before the disaster.Greene, Richard Aid workers heading to Haiti fear for their safety https://web.archive.org/web/20100116112143/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/14/haiti.aid.hurdles/index.html?hpt=T2 16 January 2010 , CNN, 14 January 2010. President Préval and government ministers used police headquarters near the Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport as their new base of operations, although their effectiveness was extremely limited; several parliamentarians were still trapped in the Presidential Palace, and offices and records had been destroyed.Romero, Simon, Lacey, Marc Government Struggles to Exhume Itself https://web.archive.org/web/20170314204954/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/16/world/americas/16preval.html 14 March 2017 , The New York Times, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. Some high-ranking government workers lost family members, or had to tend to wounded relatives. Although the president and his remaining cabinet met with UN planners each day, there remained confusion as to who was in charge and no single group had organized relief efforts as of 16 January.Robles, Frances, Charles, Jacqueline With Haiti's government in ruins, 'only God is in charge' https://web.archive.org/web/20140407102217/http://seattletimes.com/html/nationworld/2010808076_haiticontrol16.html 7 April 2014 , The Seattle Times, 15 January 2010 The government handed over control of the airport to the United States to hasten and ease flight operations, which had been hampered by the damage to the air traffic control tower.Update 1-US takes control of Haiti airport to speed aid https://web.archive.org/web/20201106160149/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1513622820100116?type=marketsNews 6 November 2020 , Reuters, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. thumb|Urban Search and Rescue specialists work at the Hôtel Montana. Almost immediately Port-au-Prince's morgue facilities were overwhelmed. By 14 January, a thousand bodies had been placed on the streets and pavements. Government crews collected thousands more by truck, burying them in mass graves.Charles, Jacqueline, Clark, Lesley, Robles, Frances, Trention, Daniel Haiti's desperation rises as swell of bodies grows https://web.archive.org/web/20160304061110/http://articles.philly.com/2010-01-15/news/24956170_1_bodies-morgue-rescue-workers 4 March 2016 , The Philadelphia Inquirer, 15 January 2010 In the heat and humidity, corpses buried in rubble began to decompose and smell. Mati Goldstein, head of the Israeli ZAKA International Rescue Unit delegation to Haiti, described the situation as "Shabbat from hell. Everywhere, the acrid smell of bodies hangs in the air. It's just like the stories we are told of the Holocaust – thousands of bodies everywhere. You have to understand that the situation is true madness, and the more time passes, there are more and more bodies, in numbers that cannot be grasped. It is beyond comprehension."Israeli medical, rescue workers help Haitians https://web.archive.org/web/20100119183624/http://jta.org/news/article/2010/01/17/1010200/israeli-medical-rescue-workers-help-haitians 19 January 2010 , JTA, 17 January 20108 saved during "Shabbat from hell" Israel 21c Innovation News Service, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20100119072338/http://www.israel21c.org/briefs/8-saved-during-qshabbat-from-hellq 19 January 2010 Mayor Jean-Yves Jason said that officials argued for hours about what to do with the volume of corpses. The government buried many in mass graves, some above-ground tombs were forced open so bodies could be stacked inside, and others were burned.Charles, Jacqueline, Pressoir, Jean-Cyril, Brecher, Elinor No chance to give the dead a proper burialFebruary 2011, The Miami Herald, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. Mass graves were dug in a large field outside the settlement of Titanyen, north of the capital; tens of thousands of bodies were reported as having been brought to the site by dump truck and buried in trenches dug by earth movers.Paul Haven By the thousands, Haiti returns dead to the earth 20 January 2010 Associated Press https://www.newsday.com/news/world/by-the-thousands-haiti-returns-dead-to-the-earth-s40371 Newsday 27 February 2019 28 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065701/https://www.newsday.com/news/world/by-the-thousands-haiti-returns-dead-to-the-earth-1.1715785 live Max Beauvoir, a Vodou priest, protested the lack of dignity in mass burials, stating, "... it is not in our culture to bury people in such a fashion, it is desecration".Haiti's voodoo priests object to mass burials https://web.archive.org/web/20101201223457/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60G2DF20100117 1 December 2010 , Reuters, 17 January 2010Cave, Damien As Haitians Flee, the Dead Go Uncounted https://web.archive.org/web/20160722081902/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/19/world/americas/19grave.html 22 July 2016 , The New York Times, 18 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. thumb|right|The Haitian government began a programme to move homeless people out of Port-au-Prince on a ferry to Port Jeremie and in hired buses to temporary camps. Towns in the eastern Dominican Republic began preparing for tens of thousands of refugees, and by 16 January hospitals close to the border had been filled to capacity with Haitians. Some began reporting having expended stocks of critical medical supplies such as antibiotics by 17 January.Ian Rawson, managing director, Hôpital Albert Schweitzer, Deschapelles. Retrieved 17 January 2010 Hôpital Albert Schweitzer Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20110708041528/http://hashaiti.blogspot.com/2010/01/overnight-several-patients-have-died-of.html 8 July 2011 Blog, 17 January 2010 The border was reinforced by Dominican soldiers, and the government of the Dominican Republic asserted that all Haitians who crossed the border for medical assistance would be allowed to stay only temporarily. A local governor stated, "We have a great desire and we will do everything humanly possible to help Haitian families. But we have our limitations with respect to food and medicine. We need the helping hand of other countries in the area."Jacqueline Charles Trenton Daniel Frances Robles Daniel Chang Help begins to trickle in, but desperate populace needs widespread relief 15 January 2010 http://www.miamiherald.com/2010/01/15/v-fullstory/1426712_help-begins-to-trickle-in-but.html Miami Herald 1 February 2011February 2011Roth, Daniel Tension grows in the border with Dominican Republic as Haitians try to escape,February 2011 The Miami Herald, 16 January 2010 Slow distribution of resources in the days after the earthquake resulted in sporadic violence, with looting reported.Romero, Simon, Lacey, Marc Looting Flares as Authority Breaks Down https://web.archive.org/web/20160722081915/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/17/world/americas/17looting.html 22 July 2016 , The New York Times, 16 January 2010 There were also accounts of looters wounded or killed by vigilantes and neighbourhoods that had constructed their own roadblock barricades.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/17/retribution-lynching-haiti-looters Retribution swift and brutal for Haiti's looters The Guardian 17 January 2010 20 January 2010 London Ed Pilkington https://web.archive.org/web/20100120053903/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/17/retribution-lynching-haiti-looters 20 January 2010 livehttp://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6991555.ece Haiti quake: first British victim named as violence increases Jenny Booth The Times 17 January 2010 20 January 2010 London 29 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110429053016/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6991555.ece dead Dr Evan Lyon of Partners in Health, working at the General Hospital in Port-au-Prince, claimed that misinformation and overblown reports of violence had hampered the delivery of aid and medical services.http://www.democracynow.org/2010/1/19/doctor_misinformation_and_racism_have_frozen Doctor: Misinformation and Racism Have Frozen Recovery Effort at General Hospital in Port-au-Prince Democracy Now! 19 January 2010 20 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100121014240/http://www.democracynow.org/2010/1/19/doctor_misinformation_and_racism_have_frozen 21 January 2010 livehttps://www.theguardian.com/news/blog/2010/jan/19/haiti-earthquake-updates Haiti earthquake updates: live blog The Guardian 19 January 2010 20 January 2010 London Haroon Siddique Matthew Weaver https://web.archive.org/web/20100120221031/http://www.guardian.co.uk/news/blog/2010/jan/19/haiti-earthquake-updates 20 January 2010 live thumb|left|One of the first parachute air drops after the quake, 18 January Former US president Bill Clinton acknowledged the problems and said Americans should "not be deterred from supporting the relief effort" by upsetting scenes such as those of looting.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7005554/Haiti-earthquake-looting-and-gun-fights-break-out.html Haiti earthquake: looting and gun-fights break out Sherwell Philip Patrick Sawer 16 January 2010 The Daily Telegraph 17 January 2010 London https://web.archive.org/web/20100119194409/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7005554/Haiti-earthquake-looting-and-gun-fights-break-out.html 19 January 2010 liveLeonard Tom Haiti earthquake: law and order on a knife edge The Daily Telegraph 18 January 2010 https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7013417/Haiti-earthquake-law-and-order-on-a-knife-edge.html 18 January 2010 22 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100122110044/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/7013417/Haiti-earthquake-law-and-order-on-a-knife-edge.html live Lt. Gen. P.K. Keen, deputy commander of US Southern Command, however, announced that despite the stories of looting and violence, there was less violent crime in Port-au-Prince after the earthquake than before.Mackey, Robert Latest Updates on the Crisis in Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20100121172905/http://thelede.blogs.nytimes.com/2010/01/18/latest-updates-on-the-crisis-in-haiti/?hp 21 January 2010 , The New York Times, 18 January 2010 In many neighbourhoods, singing could be heard through the night and groups of men coordinated to act as security as groups of women attempted to take care of food and hygiene necessities.Charles, Jacqueline, Burch, Audra After losing all else, Haitians are keeping the faithFebruary 2011, The Miami Herald, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. During the days following the earthquake, hundreds were seen marching through the streets in peaceful processions, singing and clapping.Cooper, Anderson, Watson, Ivan Desperation grows: Mass grave found outside Port-au-Prince https://web.archive.org/web/20121108031744/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/15/haiti.earthquake/?hpt=T1&hpt=T1 8 November 2012 , CNN, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. The earthquake caused an urgent need for outside rescuers to communicate with Haitians whose main or only language is Haitian Creole. As a result, a mobile translation program to translate between English and Haitian Creole had to be written quickly. The generation of waste from relief operations was referred to as a "second disaster". The United States military reported that millions of water bottles and styrofoam food packages were distributed although there was no operational waste management system. Over 700,000 plastic tarpaulins and 100,000 tents were required for emergency shelters. The increase in plastic waste, combined with poor disposal practices, resulted in open drainage channels being blocked, increasing the risk of disease.Environment U. N. 21 October 2021 Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics http://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics 23 March 2022 UNEP – UN Environment Programme 21 March 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220321122658/https://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics live Casualties Casualties of the 2010 Haiti earthquake thumb|right|A Haitian boy receives treatment at a MINUSTAH logistics base. thumb|Israeli and U.S. medical personnel coordinate relief efforts. The earthquake struck in the most populated area of the country. The International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies estimated that as many as 3 million people had been affected by the quake. In mid February 2010, the Haitian government reported the death toll to have reached 230,000.Haiti quake death toll rises to 230,000 10 February 2010 BBC News https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8507531.stm 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110511074335/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8507531.stm 11 May 2011 live A report from the Inter-American Development Bank in February 2010 gave a range of 200,000 to 250,000 dead, stating that it was "the most destructive event a country has ever experienced when measured in terms of the number of people killed as a share of the country's population".https://publications.iadb.org/en/node/10117 Estimating the Direct Economic Damage of the Earthquake in Haiti Becerra Oscar Cavallo Eduardo A. Powell Andrew 2010-02-16 Inter-American Development Bank 10.18235/0010926 However, an investigation by Radio Netherlands has questioned the official death toll, reporting an estimate of 92,000 deaths as being a more realistic figure.Melissen Hans Jaap Haiti quake death toll well under 100,000 Radio Netherlands Worldwide 23 February 2010 http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/haiti-quake-death-toll-well-under-100000 28 February 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100330060926/http://www.rnw.nl/english/article/haiti-quake-death-toll-well-under-100000 30 March 2010 dead On the first anniversary of the earthquake, 12 January 2011, Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive said the death toll from the quake was more than 316,000, raising the figures from previous estimates.Haiti raises quake death toll on anniversary https://web.archive.org/web/20200625135103/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/haiti-raises-quake-death-toll-on-anniversary-1.1011363 25 June 2020 CBC News, 12 January 2011 Several experts have questioned the validity of the death toll numbers; Anthony Penna, professor emeritus in environmental history at Northeastern University, warned that casualty estimates could only be a "guesstimate",Fletcher Dan Are the Death Estimates Accurate? Time http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1953379_1953494_1954342,00.html 16 January 2010 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110604062357/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C1953379_1953494_1954342%2C00.html 4 June 2011 dead and Belgian disaster response expert Claude de Ville de Goyet noted that "round numbers are a sure sign that nobody knows."Simon Romero Simon Romero Neil MacFarquhar Neil MacFarquhar Haiti's Many Troubles Keep Bodies Uncounted https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/world/americas/21deathtoll.html The New York Times 20 January 2010 20 January 2010 21 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100121042124/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/world/americas/21deathtoll.html live Edmond Mulet, UN Assistant Secretary-General for Peacekeeping Operations, said, "I do not think we will ever know what the death toll is from this earthquake", while the director of the Haitian Red Cross, Jean-Pierre Guiteau, noted that his organization had not had the time to count bodies, as their focus had been on the treatment of survivors. While the vast majority of casualties were Haitian civilians, the dead included aid workers, embassy staff, foreign tourists—and a number of public figures, including Archbishop of Port-au-Prince Monsignor Joseph Serge Miot, aid worker Zilda Arns and officials in the Haitian government, including opposition leader Michel "Micha" Gaillard. Also killed were a number of well-known Haitian musicianshttp://www.clicanoo.com/index.php?id_article=233717&page=article Haïti: Un silence assourdissant fr 17 January 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100124012203/http://www.clicanoo.com/index.php?page=article&id_article=233717 24 January 2010 and sports figures, including thirty members of the Fédération Haïtienne de Football.Haitian Football Federation says 30 dead Sean A. Williams http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/sports/HAITI-VISIT_7336253 Jamaica Observer 19 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100125184926/http://www.jamaicaobserver.com/sports/HAITI-VISIT_7336253 25 January 2010 dead At least 85 United Nations personnel working with MINUSTAH were killed,Haiti recovery 'to take decades' https://web.archive.org/web/20251006005644/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8486991.stm 6 October 2025 BBC News, 29 January 2010 among them the Mission Chief, Hédi Annabi, his deputy, Luiz Carlos da Costa, and police commissioner Douglas Coates. Around 200 guests were killed in the collapse of the Hôtel Montana in Port-au-Prince.http://www.foxnews.com/story/0,2933,582937,00.html Florida College Scrambles for Information on Students in Haiti Fox News 13 January 2010 15 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100116160553/http://www.foxnews.com/story/0%2C2933%2C582937%2C00.html 16 January 2010 dead On 31 May 2011, an unreleased draft report based on a survey commissioned by the US Agency for International Development (USAID) challenged the Haiti earthquake death toll and several damage estimates. The unpublished report put the death toll between 46,000 and 85,000 and put the number of displaced persons at 895,000, of which only 375,000 remained in temporary shelters. The unreleased report, which compiled its figures from a door-to-door survey, was done by a Washington consulting firm, LTL Strategies. A US State Department spokesperson said the report had inconsistencies and would not be released until they were resolved.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13606720 Report challenges Haiti earthquake death toll 31 May 2011 BBC 31 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110601112733/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-13606720 1 June 2011 live As of January 2012, USAID has not released the report and states on its website that 1.5 million people were displaced, of which 550,000 remain without permanent shelter.http://haiti.usaid.gov/issues/docs/121911_shelter_fact_sheet.pdf Fast Facts on the U.S. Government's work in Haiti - Shelter - Archived copy 11 January 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20130123170010/http://haiti.usaid.gov/issues/docs/121911_shelter_fact_sheet.pdf 23 January 2013 The most reliable academic estimate of the number of earthquake casualties in Haiti (over 95% were in the immediate Port-au-Prince area) "within six weeks of the earthquake" appears to be the 160,000 estimate in a 2010 University of Michigan study. A 2013 preprint study placed the death toll at around 137,000.Daniell J. E. Khazai B. Wenzel F. 2013-05-01 Uncovering the 2010 Haiti earthquake death toll Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1 3 1913–1942 10.5194/nhessd-1-1913-2013 free 2013NHESD...1.1913D Early response Humanitarian response to the 2010 Haiti earthquake Humanitarian response by national governments to the 2010 Haiti earthquake Humanitarian response by non-governmental organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake Humanitarian response by for-profit organizations to the 2010 Haiti earthquake thumb|right|Heavy-lift helicopters ferry water from the offshore flotilla, 15 January. Appeals for humanitarian aid were issued by many aid organizations, the United Nationshttp://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/Haiti-Earthquake-Tensions-Mount-Over-Lack-Of-Aid-As-UN-Launches-Emergency-Appeal/Article/201001315525044?lpos=World_News_Top_Stories_Header_1&lid=ARTICLE_15525044_Haiti_Earthquake%3A_Tensions_Mount_Over_Lack_Of_Aid_As_UN_Launches_Emergency_Appeal_ Tensions Mount in Haiti Amid Plea For Aid Sky News 16 January 2010 16 January 2010 James Jordan Huw Borland 2 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210502113707/https://news.sky.com/?lpos=World_News_Top_Stories_Header_1&lid=ARTICLE_15525044_Haiti_Earthquake%3A_Tensions_Mount_Over_Lack_Of_Aid_As_UN_Launches_Emergency_Appeal_ live and president René Préval. Raymond Joseph, Haiti's ambassador to the United States,http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/13/haiti.earthquake.dominican.republic/index.html Dominican Republic aid to Haiti eases historic tensions CNN 14 January 2010 15 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100114065746/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/13/haiti.earthquake.dominican.republic/index.html 14 January 2010 live and his nephew, singer Wyclef Jean,"Appeals for aid after quake strikes Haiti" https://web.archive.org/web/20100116111403/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/12/haiti.aid/ 16 January 2010 CNN, 13 January 2010. Retrieved 13 January 2010. who was called upon by Préval to become a "roving ambassador" for Haiti,https://www.today.com/news/wyclef-jean-be-haiti-s-roving-ambassador-wbna16459449 Wyclef Jean to be Haiti's roving ambassador Reuters 3 January 2007 Today.com 13 January 2010 16 July 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170716080414/http://www.today.com/news/wyclef-jean-be-haiti-s-roving-ambassador-wbna16459449 live also pleaded for aid and donations. Images and testimonials circulating after the earthquake across the internet and through social media helped to intensify the reaction of global engagement.McCosker Anthony De-framing disaster: affective encounters with raw and autonomous media Continuum 2013 27 3 382 10.1080/10304312.2013.772109 1959.3/314720 143899755 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/26216201 free Many countries responded to the appeals and launched fund-raising efforts, as well as sending search and rescue teams. The neighbouring Dominican Republic was the first country to give aid to Haiti, sending water, food and heavy-lifting machinery.Rocio Diaz http://globalvoicesonline.org/2010/01/14/dominican-republic-helping-neighboring-haiti-after-earthquake/ Dominican Republic: Helping Neighboring Haiti After Earthquake Global Voices Online 15 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100119023006/http://globalvoicesonline.org/2010/01/14/dominican-republic-helping-neighboring-haiti-after-earthquake/ 19 January 2010 live 14 January 2010 The hospitals in the Dominican Republic were made available; a combined effort of the Airports Department (DA), together with the Dominican Naval Auxiliaries, the UN and other parties formed the Dominican-Haitian Aerial Support Bridge, making the main Dominican airports available for support operations to Haiti. The Dominican website FlyDominicanRepublic.comhttp://www.flydominicanrepublic.com/ flydominicanrepublic.com flydominicanrepublic.com 29 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110427064520/http://www.flydominicanrepublic.com/ 27 April 2011 dead made available to the internet, daily updates on airport information and news from the operations center on the Dominican side. The Dominican emergency team assisted more than 2,000 injured people, while the Dominican Institute of Telecommunications (Indotel) helped with the restoration of some telephone services. The Dominican Red Cross coordinated early medical relief in conjunction with the International Red Cross. The government sent eight mobile medical units along with 36 doctors including orthopaedic specialists, traumatologists, anaesthetists, and surgeons. In addition, 39 trucks carrying canned food were dispatched, along with 10 mobile kitchens and 110 cooks capable of producing 100,000 meals per day.http://www.europapress.es/latam/republicadominicana/noticia-haiti-republica-dominicana-envia-haiti-equipos-emergencia-ayudar-rescate-victimas-20100113162157.html República Dominicana envía a Haití equipos de emergencia para ayudar en el rescate de las víctimas Europa Press 18 September 2007 15 January 2010 es dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100406051436/http://www.europapress.es/latam/republicadominicana/noticia-haiti-republica-dominicana-envia-haiti-equipos-emergencia-ayudar-rescate-victimas-20100113162157.html 6 April 2010 thumb|left|Having lost their homes, many Haitians moved to live in precarious camps. Other nations from farther afield also sent personnel, medicines, materiel, and other aid to Haiti. The first team to arrive in Port-au-Prince was ICE-SAR from Iceland, landing within 24 hours of the earthquake.http://www.icesar.com/ The Icelandic urban SAR team has landed at Haiti 13 January 2010 ICESAR 23 January 2010 20 February 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210220052649/http://www.icesar.com/ live A 50-member Chinese team arrived early Thursday morning.Chinese Team Offers Aid in Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20100118085033/http://english.cri.cn/6909/2010/01/15/45s542729.htm 18 January 2010 CRIENGLISH.com, 15 January 2010 From the Middle East, the government of Qatar sent a strategic transport aircraft (C-17), loaded with 50 tonnes of urgent relief materials and 26 members from the Qatari armed forces, the internal security force (Lekhwiya), police force and the Hamad Medical Corporation, to set up a field hospital and provide assistance in Port-au-Prince and other affected areas in Haiti.http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=337312&version=1&template_id=57&parent_id=56 Qatar joins global relief effort in Haiti 15 January 2010 Gulf Times 15 January 2010 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100123070653/http://www.gulf-times.com/site/topics/article.asp?cu_no=2&item_no=337312&version=1&template_id=57&parent_id=56 23 January 2010 A rescue team sent by the Israel Defense Forces' Home Front Command established a field hospital near the United Nations building in Port-au-Prince with specialised facilities to treat children, the elderly, and women in labor. It was set up in eight hours and began operations on the evening of 16 January.he:האסון בהאיטי: אלפים נמלטים מעיר הבירה Disaster in Haiti: Thousands flee from the capital 16 January 2010 Walla News http://news.walla.co.il/?w=//1632772 17 January 2010 he 10 June 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110610125145/http://news.walla.co.il/?w=%2F%2F1632772 live A Korean International Disaster Relief Team한국국제구호대, 대장 박청웅 https://web.archive.org/web/20110208195750/http://www.rescue.go.kr/ 8 February 2011 Korea Search and Rescue Team of 40 rescuers, medical doctors, nurses and two police dogs was deployed to epicenters to assist mitigation efforts of Haitian Government. The American Red Cross announced on 13 January that it had run out of supplies in Haiti and appealed for public donations.http://readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=186329 American Red Cross says it has run out of medical supplies in Haiti Associated Press 13 January 2010 readingeagle.com 23 May 2011 26 September 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120926174053/http://readingeagle.com/article.aspx?id=186329 dead Giving Children Hope worked to get much-needed medicines and supplies on the ground.https://abc7.com/archive/7217433/ Eileen Frere Buena Park charity pack supplies for Haiti ABC Local 13 January 2010 15 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100116174404/http://abclocal.go.com/kabc/story?section=weather%2Fearthquake_center&id=7217433 16 January 2010 live Partners in Health (PIH), the largest health care provider in rural Haiti, was able to provide some emergency care from its ten hospitals and clinics, all of which were outside the capital and undamaged.Trip to Port-au-Prince reveals more of the tragedy 14 January 2010 Partners in Health http://pih.org/inforesources/news/Haiti_Earthquake.html 14 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100117071429/http://www.pih.org/inforesources/news/Haiti_Earthquake.html 17 January 2010 dead MINUSTAH had over 9,000 uniformed peacekeepers deployed to the area.https://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/minustah/facts.shtml Haiti – MINUSTAH – Facts and Figures United Nations 1 February 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110228150916/http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/missions/minustah/facts.shtml 28 February 2011 live Most of these workers were initially involved in the search for survivors at the organization's collapsed headquarters.http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/01/navy_vinson_haiti_update_011310w/ Carl Vinson, other ships headed to Haiti Bacon Lance M. 13 January 2010 Navy News 16 January 2010 thumb|left|upright|Haitian survivors were transferred to rescue ships for medical aid. The International Charter on Space and Major Disasters was activated, allowing satellite imagery of affected regions to be shared with rescue and aid organizations.Amos, Jonathan How satellites are being used in Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20200817232414/https://www.bbc.co.uk/blogs/thereporters/jonathanamos/2010/01/how-satellites-are-being-used.shtml 17 August 2020 , BBC News, 14 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Members of social networking sites such as Twitter and Facebook spread messages and pleas to send help.Twitter search for Haiti survivors https://web.archive.org/web/20100118091500/http://www.channel4.com/news/articles/science_technology/twitter+search+for+haiti+survivors+/3503342 18 January 2010 Channel 4, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. Facebook was overwhelmed by—and blocked—some users who were sending messages about updates.Facebook users in Haiti say some access has been blocked https://web.archive.org/web/20100117082152/http://miamiherald.typepad.com/poked/2010/01/facebook-users-in-haiti-say-theyre-being-blocke.html 17 January 2010 , The Miami Herald, 14 January 2010. Retrieved 14 January 2010. The American Red Cross set a record for mobile donations, raising US$7 million in 24 hours when they allowed people to send US$10 donations by text messages.Gross, Doug Social networks, texts boost fundraising https://web.archive.org/web/20100118221700/http://www.cnn.com/2010/TECH/01/15/online.donations.haiti/index.html?hpt=T2 18 January 2010 , CNN, 14 January 2010 The OpenStreetMap community responded to the disaster by greatly improving the level of mapping available for the area using post-earthquake satellite photography provided by GeoEye,http://blog.okfn.org/2010/01/15/open-street-map-community-responds-to-haiti-crisis/ Open Street Map community responds to Haiti crisis Open Knowledge Foundation 15 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100118183500/http://blog.okfn.org/2010/01/15/open-street-map-community-responds-to-haiti-crisis/ 18 January 2010 live 15 January 2010 and crowdmapping website Ushahidi coordinated messages from multiple sites to assist Haitians still trapped and to keep families of survivors informed.Hesse, Monica, Crisis mapping brings online tool to Haitian disaster relief effort https://web.archive.org/web/20161115030406/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/15/AR2010011502650.html 15 November 2016 The Washington Post, 16 January 2010 Some online poker sites hosted poker tournaments with tournament fees, prizes or both going to disaster relief charities.Stephen A. Murphy, Poker Sites Matching Players' Donations to Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20100119031950/http://www.cardplayer.com/poker-news/8320-poker-sites-matching-players-donations-to-haiti 19 January 2010 , Card Player Magazine, 14 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Google Earth updated its coverage of Port-au-Prince on 17 January, showing the earthquake-ravaged city. Easing refugee immigration into Canada was discussed by Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper,Canada considers fast-tracking Haitian immigration https://web.archive.org/web/20240920100705/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-may-fast-track-haitian-immigration-1.908560 20 September 2024 , CBC News, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 15 January 2010. and in the US Haitians were granted Temporary protected status, a measure that permits about 100,000 undocumented Haitians in the United States to stay legally for 18 months, and halts the deportations of 30,000 more, though it does not apply to Haitians outside the US.Stone, Rick 14 January 2010 https://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122567003 Miami's 'Little Haiti' Neighborhood Waits For News NPR 14 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100121174419/http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=122567003 21 January 2010 livePreston, Julia Haitians in U.S. Illegally Given Protected Status https://web.archive.org/web/20170314210348/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/16/world/americas/16immig.html 14 March 2017 , The New York Times, 15 January 2010 Local and state agencies in South Florida, together with the US government, began implementing a plan ("Operation Vigilant Sentry") for a mass migration from the Caribbean that had been laid out in 2003.McGrory, Kathleen Krome detention center readied for possible influx of Haitians, The Miami Herald, 17 January 2010 June 2016 medicmedic Several orphanages were destroyed in the earthquake. After the process for the adoption of 400 children by families in the US and the Netherlands was expedited,Haitian orphans rushed to new homes abroad https://web.archive.org/web/20100121105841/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/17/haiti.orphans/index.html?hpt=T1 21 January 2010 , CNN, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Unicef and SOS Children urged an immediate halt to adoptions from Haiti.US sends 4,000 more troops to Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20160307211716/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/20/haiti-aftershock-port-au-prince-orphans 7 March 2016 , The Guardian, 21 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010.http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/01/21/2010-01-21_groups_urge_adoption_freeze_fearing_kids_kin_may_be_alive.html Haiti earthquake: Groups urge adoption freeze, believing kids' kin may be alive Daily News New York 21 January 2010 22 January 2010 Rich Schapiro https://web.archive.org/web/20100124053907/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/01/21/2010-01-21_groups_urge_adoption_freeze_fearing_kids_kin_may_be_alive.html 24 January 2010 live Jasmine Whitbread, chief executive of Save the Children said: "The vast majority of the children currently on their own still have family members alive who will be desperate to be reunited with them and will be able to care for them with the right support. Taking children out of the country would permanently separate thousands of children from their families—a separation that would compound the acute trauma they are already suffering and inflict long-term damage on their chances of recovery." However, several organizations were planning an airlift of thousands of orphaned children to South Florida on humanitarian visas, modelled on a similar effort with Cuban refugees in the 1960s named "Pedro Pan".Chardy, Alphonso Bustos, Sergio 14 January 2010 http://www.miamiherald.com/news/breaking-news/story/1425090.html Church, immigrant groups plan to airlift Haitian orphans to S. Florida Miami Herald 14 January 2010June 2016 medicmedic On 29 January 2010, a group of ten American Baptist missionaries from Idaho attempted to cross the Haiti-Dominican Republic border with 33 Haitian children. The group, known as the New Life Children's Refuge, did not have proper authorization for transporting the children and were arrested on kidnapping charges.http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/02/04/haiti.arrests/index.html U.S. missionaries charged with kidnapping in Haiti CNN 5 February 2010 28 September 2020 4 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201004160359/http://www.cnn.com/2010/CRIME/02/04/haiti.arrests/index.html live The Canadian government worked to expedite around 100 adoption cases that were already underway when the earthquake struck, issuing temporary permits and waiving regular processing fees; the federal government also announced that it would cover adopted children's healthcare costs upon their arrival in Canada until they could be covered under provincially administered public healthcare plans.Canada hopes to 'fast-track' Haitian adoptions: Kenney https://web.archive.org/web/20250121011138/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-hopes-to-fast-track-haitian-adoptions-kenney-1.868145 21 January 2025 , Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, 20 January 2010. Retrieved 12 January 2011. Rescue and relief efforts Timeline of relief efforts after the 2010 Haiti earthquake Rescue efforts began in the immediate aftermath of the earthquake, with able-bodied survivors extricating the living and the dead from the rubble of the many buildings that had collapsed.Marrapodi, Eric, Lawrence, Chris, Hall, Rick, Phillips, Rich, Watson, Ivan and Candiotti, Susan Haitians dig themselves out as quake damage slows outside aid https://web.archive.org/web/20100117013310/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/14/haiti.earthquake/index.html 17 January 2010 , CNN, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Treatment of the injured was hampered by the lack of hospital and morgue facilities: the Argentine military field hospital, which had been serving MINUSTAH, was the only one available until 13 January.http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0,20797,26587037-5003402,00.html?from=public_rss Only one hospital open in Haiti's quake hit capital Courier Mail 13 January 2010 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20100201092351/http://www.news.com.au/couriermail/story/0%2C20797%2C26587037-5003402%2C00.html?from=public_rss 1 February 2010 dead Rescue work intensified only slightly with the arrival of doctors, police officers, military personnel and firefighters from various countries two days after the earthquake.Haiti Devastated https://web.archive.org/web/20100118071529/http://www.indianexpress.com/news/haiti-devastated/567556 18 January 2010 , The Indian Express, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. thumb|left|MINUSTAH troops meet a U.S. relief flight on 16 January. From 12 January, the International Committee of the Red Cross, which has been working in Haiti since 1994, focused on bringing emergency assistance to victims of the catastrophe. It worked with its partners within the International Red Cross and Red Crescent Movement, particularly the Haitian Red Cross and the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies.The ICRC in Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20100324110603/http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/haiti 24 March 2010 International Committee of the Red Cross. The American Red Cross also spearheaded a mobile donation initiative with Mobile Accord to raise over $2 million within the first 24 hours after the earthquake.https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/01/business/01text.html Nonprofits Rush to Solicit Donations via Text, but the System Is Flawed The New York Times 31 October 2010 Strom Stephanie live 22 April 2021 22 April 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210422161511/https://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/01/business/01text.html Médecins Sans Frontières (Doctors Without Borders; MSF) reported that the hospitals that had not been destroyed were overwhelmed by large numbers of seriously injured people. The hospitals had to perform many amputations.AFP Medics report mass amputations in Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20110426033612/http://www.heraldsun.com.au/news/breaking-news/medics-report-mass-amputations-in-haiti/story-e6frf7jx-1225820638646 26 April 2011 , Herald Sun, 17 January 2010Sheridan, Mary Beth Patients overwhelm medical teams at Haiti clinics https://web.archive.org/web/20170202070706/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/17/AR2010011701144.html 2 February 2017 , The Washington Post, 17 January 2010 Running short of medical supplies, some teams had to work with any available resources, constructing splints out of cardboard and reusing latex gloves. Other rescue units had to withdraw as night fell, amid security fears.https://montrealgazette.com/news/Fears+violence+Haitians+grow+desperate/2450845/story.html Fears of violence as Haitians grow desperate for water, food Edwards Steven Barrera, Jorge 17 January 2010 The Gazette 18 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100120081649/http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/Fears%2Bviolence%2BHaitians%2Bgrow%2Bdesperate/2450845/story.html 20 January 2010 dead Over 3,000 people had been treated by Médecins Sans Frontières as of 18 January.Charles, Jacqueline, Trenton, Daniel, Clark, Lesley More U.S. troops, relief supplies to arrive in Haiti today; rescue efforts continue as window narrows for survivors, The Miami Herald, 18 January 2010 June 2016 medicmedic Ophelia Dahl, director of Partners in Health, reported, "there are hundreds of thousands of injured people. I have heard the estimate that as many as 20,000 people will die each day that would have been saved by surgery."Disaster in Haiti, CBS, 18 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. thumb|right|UN forces took to patrolling the streets of Port-au-Prince. An MSF aircraft carrying a field hospital was repeatedly turned awayStrong aftershock shakes Haiti, week after earthquake 20 January 2010 https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8469800.stm BBC News 20 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100121031209/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8469800.stm 21 January 2010 liveTran, Mark Aid plane turned away from Haiti airport, says medical charity https://web.archive.org/web/20170202143146/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/17/haiti-quake-injured-hospitals 2 February 2017 , The Guardian, 17 January 2010 by US air traffic controllers, who had assumed control at Toussaint L'Ouverture International Airport.France and America bicker as Haiti aid fails to reach city https://web.archive.org/web/20110414115754/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/us_and_americas/article6992809.ece 14 April 2011 The Times, 18 January 2010 Four other MSF aircraft were also turned away. In a 19 January press release MSF said, "It is like working in a war situation. We don't have any more morphine to manage pain for our patients. We cannot accept that planes carrying lifesaving medical supplies and equipment continue to be turned away while our patients die. Priority must be given to medical supplies entering the country."Doctors Without Borders Plane with Lifesaving Medical Supplies Diverted Again from Landing in Haiti 19 January 2010 Doctors Without Borders http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/press/release.cfm?id=4176 20 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100123175040/http://www.doctorswithoutborders.org/press/release.cfm?id=4176 23 January 2010 dead First responders voiced frustration with the number of relief trucks sitting unused at the airport.http://www.albertalocalnews.com/reddeeradvocate/news/world/Canada_determining_how_and_where_to_direct_relief_to_Haitians_81939462.html Canada determining how and where to direct relief to Haitians Montpetit Jonathan 18 January 2010 The Canadian Press Alberta Local News 1 February 2011 https://archive.today/20120722035520/http://www.albertalocalnews.com/reddeeradvocate/news/world/Canada_determining_how_and_where_to_direct_relief_to_Haitians_81939462.html 22 July 2012 dead Aid workers blamed US-controlled airport operations for prioritising the transportation of security troops over rescuers and supplies; evacuation policies favouring citizens of certain nations were also criticised.Harvey Morris EU plays down talk of Haiti rift with US 17 January 2010 Financial Times London https://www.ft.com/content/558f15be-038b-11df-a601-00144feabdc0 18 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100314072224/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/558f15be-038b-11df-a601-00144feabdc0.html?nclick_check=1 14 March 2010 live thumb|A USAF pararescueman searching through demolished buildings in Port-au-Prince for survivors thumb|Helicopters transfer injured earthquake victims to hospital ship USNS Comfort off the coast of Haiti. The US military acknowledged the non-governmental organizations' complaints concerning flight-operations bias and promised improvement while noting that up to 17 January 600 emergency flights had landed and 50 were diverted; by the first weekend of disaster operations, diversions had been reduced to three on Saturday and two on Sunday.Anthony Boadle U.S. military says Haiti airport jam easing 17 January 2010 Reuters https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60H00020100118 18 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100121101508/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60H00020100118 21 January 2010 live The airport staff was strengthened in order to support 100 landings a day, compared to the 35 a day that the airport gets during normal operation. A spokesman for the joint task force running the airport confirmed that, though more flights were requesting landing slots, none was being turned away.Cave, Damien, Sontag, Deborah Rescues Beat Dimming Odds in Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20160722081929/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/18/world/americas/18quake.html 22 July 2016 , The New York Times, 17 January 2010 Brazilian Foreign Minister Celso Amorim and French Minister of State for Cooperation Alain Joyandet criticised the perceived preferential treatment for US aid arriving at the airport. A spokesman for the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs said that the French government had not protested officially with regard to the management of the airport.Fernandes, Adriana Brasil pedirá que ONU defina papéis (in Portuguese), O Estado de S. Paulo, 17 January 2010AFP La France critique la gestion de l'aéroport de Port-au-Prince https://web.archive.org/web/20100117234030/http://www.liberation.fr/monde/0101614140-la-france-citique-la-gestion-de-l-aeroport-de-port-au-prince 17 January 2010 (in French), Libération, 16 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. US officials acknowledged that coordination of the relief effort is central to Haitian recovery.Hampton, Olivia Beset by logistical challenges, Haiti relief presses on https://web.archive.org/web/20130401090922/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5hRdguNpGRmf2_yTNXr3IXsl898sg 1 April 2013 , Agence France-Presse, 16 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010 President Préval asked for calm coordination between assisting nations without mutual accusations.Scofield Jr., Gilberto Descoordenação atrapalha ajuda a vítimas do terremoto no Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20100120092222/http://oglobo.globo.com/mundo/mat/2010/01/16/descoordenacao-atrapalha-ajuda-vitimas-do-terremoto-no-haiti-915543121.asp 20 January 2010 (in Portuguese), O Globo, 17 January 2010Morris, Harvey Haiti airport delays blamed on US https://web.archive.org/web/20130917204438/http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/558f15be-038b-11df-a601-00144feabdc0.html 17 September 2013 , Financial Times, 17 January 2010 Based on US Air Force logs documenting activity at the airport, the Associated Press largely disproved the claim that the US held up aid in favor of military flights. The US military initially gave priority to military units in order to secure the airport, distribute aid, and provide security, but after that, incoming relief flights were cleared or rejected on a first-come, first-served basis. According to a US Air Force captain who had coordinated flight schedules, nearly all groups sending aid insisted their shipment was urgent. Those flights that were rejected were diverted to the Dominican Republic, and their cargoes were unloaded and taken to Haiti by land.August 2013 At the peak of the relief efforts, the airport was in a state of chaos. Normally, the airport, with a single runway and 10 spaces for large planes, handled 20 flights a day.Three paragraphs above, it says the airport handled 35 flights/day. January 2026 After the earthquake struck, hundreds of planes rushed to Haiti without designated landing times. On average, a plane would land or take off every two minutes. The situation was complicated by the lack of room on ramps for planes to unload their cargo, and some planes did not have enough fuel to leave. thumb|left|While international efforts received significant media coverage, much of the local rescue effort was conducted by Haitians. While the Port-au-Prince airport ramp has spaces for more than a dozen airliners, in the days following the quake, it sometimes served nearly 40 at once, creating serious delays.https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna34915151 U.S.: Haiti aid bottleneck is easing up – Haiti earthquake NBC News 18 January 2010 20 January 2010 3 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161203145220/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34915151/ liveBoadle Anthony U.S. military says Haiti airport jam easing Reuters Miami 17 January 2010 https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60H00020100118 18 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100121101508/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE60H00020100118 21 January 2010 live The supply backup at the airport was expected to ease as the apron management improved, and when the perceived need for heavy security diminished. Airport congestion was reduced on 18 January when the United Nations and US forces formally agreed to prioritise humanitarian flights over security reinforcement.U.S.: Haiti aid bottleneck is easing up 18 January 2010 NBC News https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna34915151 20 January 2010 3 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161203145220/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34915151/ live By 14 January, more than 20 countries had sent military personnel to the country, with Canada, the United States, and the Dominican Republic providing the largest contingents. The supercarrier Carl Vinson CVN-70 6 arrived at maximum possible speed on 15 January with 600,000 emergency food rations, 100,000 ten-litre water containers, and an enhanced wing of 19 helicopters; 130,000 litres of drinking water were transferred to shore on the first day.Dreazen, Yochi U.S. Carrier Carl Vinson Joins Relief Efforts https://web.archive.org/web/20170708092149/https://blogs.wsj.com/dispatch/2010/01/15/us-carrier-carl-vinson-joins-relief-efforts/ 8 July 2017 , The Wall Street Journal, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. The helicopter carrier Bataan LHD-5 6 sailed with three large dock landing ships and two survey/salvage vessels, to create a "sea base" for the rescue effort.Vinson Helicopters Perform Medical Evacuations; "Sea Base" On the Way 16 January 2010 United States Navy http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=50582 17 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100118233402/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=50582 18 January 2010 deadLance Bacon 3 amphibs leave Virginia for Haiti 15 January 2010 Navy Times http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/01/navy_bataanleave_011410w/ 17 January 2010http://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/01/navy_bataan_haiti_011510w/ Bataan heads for Haiti Farlan Mark M. 16 January 2010 Navy Times 16 January 2010 They were joined by the French Navy vessel French landing ship Francis Garnier 2 on 16 January,Haïti: un navire français en route https://web.archive.org/web/20100118073346/http://www.lefigaro.fr/flash-actu/2010/01/15/01011-20100115FILWWW00732-haiti-un-navire-francais-en-route.php 18 January 2010 (in French), Le Figaro, 15 January 2010. Retrieved 16 January 2010. the same day the hospital ship Comfort T-AH-20 6 and guided-missile cruiser Bunker Hill CG-52 6 left for Haiti.http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=57565 Garamone, Jim American Forces Press Service Top Navy Doc Predicts Long USNS Comfort Deployment 16 January 2010 16 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100301104035/http://www.defense.gov/news/newsarticle.aspx?id=57565 1 March 2010 deadhttp://www.navytimes.com/news/2010/01/navy_bunkerhill_011610/ Bunker Hill en route to help Haiti mission Fuentes Gidget 16 January 2010 Navy Times 16 January 2010 Another large French vessel was later ordered to Haiti, the amphibious transport dock Siroco.http://tcd.siroco.free.fr/ Bienvenue sur le site consacré au TCD Siroco – Page d'accueil TCD Siroco 20 January 2010 12 November 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20081112165658/http://tcd.siroco.free.fr/ live thumb|right|A woman is rescued alive from rubble several days after the initial quake. International rescue efforts were restricted by traffic congestion and blocked roads.At Haiti roadblock, a lesson in power dynamics https://web.archive.org/web/20100212142658/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation-and-world/la-fg-haiti-roadblock17-2010jan17,0,1993795.story 12 February 2010 Los Angeles Times, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 17 January 2010. Although US Secretary of Defense Robert Gates had previously ruled out dropping food and water by air as too dangerous, by 16 January, US helicopters were distributing aid by drops to areas impossible to reach by land.http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,1953379_1953494,00.html With the Military in Haiti: Breaking the Supply Logjam Padgett Tim 17 January 2010 Time 17 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100117174008/http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0%2C28804%2C1953379_1953494%2C00.html 17 January 2010 dead In Jacmel, a city of 50,000, the mayor claimed that 70 percent of the homes had been damaged and that the quake had killed 300 to 500 people and left some 4,000 injured.AFP, "In Haiti, the Jacmel cathedral clock stopped at 5:37 pm" https://web.archive.org/web/20110511085653/http://www.mysinchew.com/node/34251 11 May 2011 My Sinchew, 20 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. The small airstrip suffered damage rendering it unusable for supply flights until 20 January.Canadian Forces head to port town of Jacmel CBC News 18 January 2010 https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/canadian-forces-head-to-port-town-of-jacmel-1.950329 18 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100121050326/https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/canadian-forces-head-to-port-town-of-jacmel-1.950329 21 January 2010 live The Canadian navy vessel HMCS Halifax was deployed to the area on 18 January; the Canadians joined Colombian rescue workers, Chilean doctors, a French mobile clinic, and Sri Lankan relief workers who had already responded to calls for aid."O'Brien: Haiti's cultural core suffers, too" https://web.archive.org/web/20110501083254/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/19/obrien.haiti.jacmel/ 1 May 2011 , CNN, 20 January 2010. Retrieved 20 January 2010. About 64,000 people living in the three adjacent agricultural communities of Durissy, Morne a Chandelle, and Les Palmes were relatively unharmed because most of the people were working in the fields when the quakes struck. All their churches, chapels, and at least 8,000 homes were destroyed."Symbol of Hope rescued from rubble in Haitian church" https://web.archive.org/web/20110513033918/http://www.mydigitalpublication.com/publication/index.php?i=33552&m=&l=&p=3&pre=&ver=swf 13 May 2011 , Senior Life, Brevard County Florida, March 2010, page 3 On 17 January 2010, British search and rescue teams were the first to reach Léogane, the town at the epicenter of the quake.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/devon/8465916.stm Haiti quake victims' bodies 'piled up by roads' BBC News 18 January 2010 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110511094741/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/uk_news/england/devon/8465916.stm 11 May 2011 live The Canadian ship HMCS Athabaskan reached the area on 19 January,HMCS Athabaskan, Halifax to be in Haiti early Tuesday The Chronicle Herald 18 January 2010 http://thechronicleherald.ca/Front/9014860.html 19 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100122060434/http://thechronicleherald.ca/Front/9014860.html 22 January 2010 live and by 20 January some 250–300 Canadian personnel were assisting relief efforts in the town.https://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/haiti/canadas-big-task-in-haiti-starts-on-small-airstrip/article1436995/ Canada's big task in Haiti starts on small airstrip Gloria Galloway The Globe and Mail 20 January 2010 Toronto 26 April 2011 25 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100125174454/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/haiti/canadas-big-task-in-haiti-starts-on-small-airstrip/article1436995/ live By 19 January, staff of the International Red Cross had also managed to reach the town, which they described as "severely damaged ... the people there urgently need assistance."http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/haiti-earthquake-update-190110 Haiti earthquake: reaching victims outside the capital ICRC News 19 January 2010 12 August 2010 2 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210502113711/https://www.icrc.org/en dead By 20 January they had reached Petit-Goâve as well, where they set up two first-aid posts and distributed first-aid kits.Haiti earthquake: ICRC expands relief effortJuly 2026 InternetArchiveBot , ICRC News, 20 January 2010 thumb|upright|A Haitian child is treated aboard a hospital ship. Over the first weekend 130,000 food packets and 70,000 water containers were distributed to Haitians, as safe landing areas and distribution centers such as golf courses were secured.Evening News Online CBS News (video), 17 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Nearly 2,000 rescuers had arrived from 43 different groups, with 161 search dogs; the airport had handled 250 tons of relief supplies by the end of the weekend.https://archive.today/20120111123517/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/01/17/world/main6107038.shtml?tag=cbsnewsLeadStoriesArea U.N.: Over 70 Rescued From Haitian Rubble CBS News, 17 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Reports from Sunday showed a record-breaking number of successful rescues, with at least 12 survivors pulled from Port-au-Prince's rubble, bringing the total number of rescues to 110.Taiwanese search team rescues two survivors in Haiti 19 January 2010 Taiwan News http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1158691&lang=eng_news&cate_img=49.jpg&cate_rss=news_Society_TAIWAN 20 January 2010 29 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110429030953/http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=1158691&lang=eng_news&cate_img=49.jpg&cate_rss=news_Society_TAIWAN live The buoy tender USCG Oak and Grasp T-ARS-51 were on scene by 18 January to assess damage to the port and work to reopen it,Schept, Susan CG continues evacuations, clears port, Navy Times, 19 January 2010USNS Grasp, Divers Arrive in Port-au-Prince, Begin Port Assessments https://web.archive.org/web/20110629192810/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=50601 29 June 2011 , United States Navy, 18 January 2010. Retrieved 19 January 2010. and by 21 January one pier at the Port-au-Prince seaport was functional, offloading humanitarian aid, and a road had been repaired to make transport into the city easier.Haiti pier opens, road laid into Port-au-Prince https://web.archive.org/web/20100124094123/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/21/haiti.earthquake/index.html?hpt=T2 24 January 2010 , CNN, 21 January 2010. Retrieved 21 January 2010. In an interview on 21 January, Leo Merores, Haiti's ambassador to the UN, said that he expected the port to be fully functional again within two weeks. The US Navy listed its resources in the area as "17 ships, 48 helicopters and 12 fixed-wing aircraft" in addition to 10,000 sailors and Marines.U.S. Fleet Forces Public Affairs http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=50631 U.S. Fleet Forces Commander Provides Update on Navy Contributions to Haiti Relief Efforts United States Navy 12 January 2010 20 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100201141430/http://www.navy.mil//search//display.asp?story_id=50631 1 February 2010 dead The Navy had conducted 336 air deliveries, delivered 32400 usgal L of water, 532,440 bottles of water, 111,082 meals and 9000 lb on of medical supplies by 20 January. Hospital ship Comfort began operations on 20 January, completing the arrival of the first group of sea-base vessels; this came as a new flotilla of USN ships were assigned to Haiti, including survey vessels, ferries, elements of the maritime prepositioning and underway replenishment fleets, and a further three amphibious operations ships, including another helicopter carrier, Nassau LHA-4.http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=50696 Maritime Force Serves as Cornerstone of Relief Operations in Haiti 20 January 2010 United States Navy 25 January 2010 27 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100127043232/http://www.navy.mil/search/display.asp?story_id=50696 dead thumb|left|Landing ships move supplies onshore from the rescue fleet. On 22 January the UN and United States formalised the coordination of relief efforts by signing an agreement giving the US responsibility for the ports, airports and roads, and making the UN and Haitian authorities responsible for law and order. The UN stated that it had resisted formalising the organization of the relief effort to allow as much leeway as possible for those wishing to assist in the relief effort, but with the new agreement "we're leaving that emergency phase behind". The UN also urged organizations to coordinate aid efforts through its mission in Haiti to allow for better scheduling of the arrival of supplies.Chris Dolmetsch http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-01-22/un-urges-haiti-relief-coordination-as-supplies-flood-airport.html UN Urges Haiti Coordination as Supplies Flood Airport Bloomberg News 22 January 2010 22 January 2010 25 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110425150342/http://www.businessweek.com/news/2010-01-22/un-urges-haiti-relief-coordination-as-supplies-flood-airport.html dead On 23 January the Haitian government officially called off the search for survivors, and most search and rescue teams began to prepare to leave the country.Haiti quake victim rescue operation declared over https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8476474.stm BBC News 23 January 2010 23 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100126103049/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8476474.stm 26 January 2010 live However, as late as 8 February 2010, survivors were still being discovered, as in the case of Evan Muncie, 28, found in the rubble of a grocery store.Haiti supermarket rescues called off https://web.archive.org/web/20100213201724/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/02/10/haiti.rescue.ends/index.html 13 February 2010 CNN, 10 February 2010 On 5 February, ten Baptist missionaries from Idaho led by Laura Silsby were charged with criminal association and kidnapping for trying to smuggle 33 children out of Haiti. The missionaries claimed they were rescuing orphaned children but investigations revealed that more than 20 of the children had been taken from their parents after they were told the children would have a better life in America. In an interview, Kenneth Merten, the United States Ambassador to Haiti, stated that the US justice system would not interfere and that "the Haitian justice system will do what it has to do."http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/americans_charged_with_kidnapping_wMQSWOz5mQfjWjTe3nrPhN 10 Americans charged with kidnapping in Haiti 5 February 2010 Agence France-Presse 27 April 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100421121356/http://www.nypost.com/p/news/international/americans_charged_with_kidnapping_wMQSWOz5mQfjWjTe3nrPhN 21 April 2010 live By 9 March 2010, all but Silsby were deported and she remained incarcerated.Freed from Haiti, missionary returns 'with mixed emotions' https://web.archive.org/web/20100413085124/http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/03/09/haiti.americans.detained/ 13 April 2010 CNN, 10 March 2010 Social networking organizations such as Crisis Camp Haiti were developed to aid in the structure and coordination of relief efforts in Haiti and future catastrophic events as well.https://huffingtonpost.com/chrissie-brodigan/apps-of-kindness-crisis-c_b_457792.html Apps of Kindness: Crisis Camp Launches 3 New Web Apps for Haiti 17 February 2010 22 March 2010 HuffPost https://web.archive.org/web/20100301060839/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/chrissie-brodigan/apps-of-kindness-crisis-c_b_457792.html 1 March 2010 live Chrissie Brodiganhttp://www.france24.com/en/20100202-new-haiti-project-website-pedre-leroux-reconstructing-earthquake-radio-internet Home grown website to help Haitians rebuild 2 February 2010 France 24 22 March 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100428073342/http://www.france24.com/en/20100202-new-haiti-project-website-pedre-leroux-reconstructing-earthquake-radio-internet 28 April 2010 deadhttp://haitirewired.wired.com/profiles/blogs/haiti-rewireds-mission How Can Technology Help Haiti? Introducing Haiti Rewired 22 January 2010 1 February 2011 Haiti Rewired dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110512232128/http://haitirewired.wired.com/profiles/blogs/haiti-rewireds-mission 12 May 2011 By 4 March, the American Red Cross, in conjunction with Mobile Accord's mGive platform, had raised a total of $50 million for victims of the Haiti earthquake. James Eberhard of Mobile Accord stated that $32.5 million of the donations came from text giving.https://ssir.org/articles/entry/five-digit_giving# Five-Digit Giving 2010 Stanford Review Straus Tamara 22 April 2021 22 April 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210422162823/https://ssir.org/articles/entry/five-digit_giving live On 10 April, due to the potential threat of mudslides and flooding from the upcoming rainy season, the Haitian government began operations to move thousands of refugees to a more secure location north of the capital.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8614278.stm Haiti begins relocating quake victims ahead of rains 13 April 2010 BBC News 11 April 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100412053939/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8614278.stm 12 April 2010 live Recovery thumb|Haitians await the opening of a supply depot, 16 January. US President Barack Obama announced that former presidents Bill Clinton, who was the UN special envoy to Haiti at the time, and George W. Bush would coordinate efforts to raise funds for Haiti's recovery. Secretary of State Hillary Clinton visited Haiti on 16 January to survey the damage and stated that US$48 million had been raised already in the US to help Haiti recover.Presidents Clinton, Bush lead effort to raise funds for Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20100117111932/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/16/haiti.earthquake/index.html?hpt=T1 17 January 2010 , CNN, 16 January 2010 Following the meeting with Secretary Clinton, President Préval stated that the highest priorities in Haiti's recovery were establishing a working government, clearing roads, and ensuring the streets were cleared of bodies to improve sanitary conditions.Hillary Clinton meets with Haiti leader after arrival https://web.archive.org/web/20100117111932/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/16/haiti.earthquake/index.html?hpt=T1 17 January 2010 , CNN, 16 January 2010 US Vice President Joe Biden stated on 16 January that President Obama "does not view this as a humanitarian mission with a life cycle of a month. This will still be on our radar screen long after it's off the crawler at CNN. This is going to be a long slog."Reinhard, Beth Biden meets with Haitian-American leaders in Miami https://web.archive.org/web/20110724211649/http://www.7zz.org/2010/01/biden-meets-with-haitian-american-leaders-in-miami-miamiherald-com/ 24 July 2011 , The Miami Herald, 16 January 2010 thumb|left|Planes loaded with aid supplies crowd the tarmac at Port-au-Prince airport, waiting to be unloaded, 18 January. A remake of the song "Wavin' Flag" by Somalian-Canadian singer K'naan became a charity single in Canada, reaching number 1 on the "Canadian Hot 100" chart. The song was later chosen as Coca-Cola's promotional anthem for the 2010 FIFA World Cup hosted by South Africa. Trade and Industry Minister Josseline Colimon Fethiere estimated that the earthquake's toll on the Haitian economy would be massive, with one in five jobs lost.Interview-Quake cost one in five Haitian jobs- minister Patricia Zengerle Reuters ReliefWeb 25 January 2010 http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/SNAA-8234A3?OpenDocument&query=killed%20haiti&emid=EQ-2010-000009-HTI 24 March 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110324005952/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/SNAA-8234A3?OpenDocument&query=killed%20haiti&emid=EQ-2010-000009-HTI live In response to the earthquake, foreign governments offered badly needed financial aid. The European Union promised €330 million for emergency and long-term aid. Brazil announced R$375 million for long-term recovery aid, R$25 million of which was in immediate funds.Terra Notícias Governo quer indenizar famílias de militares mortos no Haiti https://web.archive.org/web/20100615021401/http://noticias.terra.com.br/mundo/noticias/0,,OI4219282-EI14687,00-Governo+quer+indenizar+familias+de+militares+mortos+no+Haiti.html 15 June 2010 (in Portuguese), Terra, 21 January 2010 The United Kingdom's Secretary of State for International Development Douglas Alexander called the result of the earthquake an "almost unprecedented level of devastation", and committed the UK to £20 million in aid, while France promised €10 million. Italy announced it would waive repayment of the €40 million it had loaned to Haiti, and the World Bank waived the country's debt repayments for five years.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8479166.stm Haiti 'can lead quake recovery', Canada summit told BBC News 26 January 2010 26 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100128101325/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8479166.stm 28 January 2010 live On 14 January, the US government announced it would give US$100 million to the aid effort and pledged that the people of Haiti "will not be forgotten".https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jan/14/haiti-quake-obama-us-aid Haiti quake: Obama announces $100 m US aid package The Guardian 15 January 2010 15 January 2010 London James Sturcke https://web.archive.org/web/20100116153518/http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2010/jan/14/haiti-quake-obama-us-aid 16 January 2010 live thumb|The UN Development Programme employed hundreds of Haitians to clear roads and to make fuel pellets in a cash-for-work scheme. In the aftermath of the earthquake, the government of Canada announced that it would match the donations of Canadians up to a total of C$50 million.http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=3063 Donate to Haiti relief Office of the Prime Minister 14 January 2010 22 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100121153911/http://www.pm.gc.ca/eng/media.asp?id=3063 21 January 2010 dead Canadians were able to donate through the Humanitarian Coalition which distributed funds to partner organizations working in the field. During this time the Humanitarian Coalition raised over C$15 Million.Haiti Appeal http://humanitariancoalition.ca/our-appeals/haiti-earthquake-2010 5 December 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121230184855/http://humanitariancoalition.ca/our-appeals/haiti-earthquake-2010 30 December 2012 dead After a United Nations call for help for the people affected by the earthquake, Canada pledged an additional C$60 million in aid on 19 January 2010, bringing Canada's total contribution to C$135 million.https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h2IptHeJr8BF8LMxPPiqfrMla3Qg Canada pledges 60 million Canadian dollars for Haiti aid Agence France-Presse 19 January 2010 22 January 2010 23 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110423164019/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5h2IptHeJr8BF8LMxPPiqfrMla3Qg dead By 8 February 2010, the federal International Co-operation Department, through the Canadian International Development Agency (CIDA), had already provided about C$85 million in humanitarian aid through UN agencies, the International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies and to organizations such as CARE, Médecins du Monde, Save the Children, Oxfam Quebec, the Centre for International Studies and co-operation, and World Vision.http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-matches-haiti-donations-with-113m-1.905752 Canada matches Haiti donations with $113M Canadian Broadcasting Corporation 8 February 2010 12 January 2011 7 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407145938/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/canada-matches-haiti-donations-with-113m-1.905752 live On 23 January 2010, Canadian Prime Minister Stephen Harper announced that the federal government had lifted the limit on the amount of money allocated for matching individual donations to relief efforts,http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/pm-lifts-cap-for-matching-haiti-donations-1.865328 PM lifts cap for matching Haiti donations CBC News 23 January 2010 12 January 2011 7 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407151501/http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/pm-lifts-cap-for-matching-haiti-donations-1.865328 live and that the federal government would continue to match individual donations until 12 February 2010; by the deadline, Canadians had privately raised C$220 million.https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/canada-pledges-400m-more-for-haiti-1.870408 Canada pledges $400M more for Haiti CBC News 31 March 2010 12 January 2011 8 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140408003504/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/canada-pledges-400m-more-for-haiti-1.870408 live On top of matching donations, International Co-operation Minister Bev Oda pledged an additional C$290 million in long-term relief to be spent between 2010 and 2012, including C$8 million in debt relief to Haiti, part of a broader cancellation of the country's overall World Bank debt. The government's commitment to provide C$550 million in aid and debt relief and Canadians' individual donations amount to a total of C$770 million.https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/haiti-raises-quake-death-toll-on-anniversary-1.1011363 Haiti raises quake death toll on anniversary CBC News 31 March 2010 12 January 2011 4 July 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150704110258/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/haiti-raises-quake-death-toll-on-anniversary-1.1011363 live thumb|South Korea's National Rescue Services team In addition to Canada's federal government, the governments of several of the provinces and territories of Canada also announced that they would provide immediate emergency aid to Haiti.http://www.gov.ns.ca/news/details.asp?id=20100118003 Nova Scotia Responds to Disaster in Haiti Emergency Management Office, Government of Nova Scotia 15 January 2010 12 January 2011 29 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110429213038/http://www.gov.ns.ca/news/details.asp?id=20100118003 livehttps://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-promises-500k-for-haiti-recovery-1.947208 https://web.archive.org/web/20200812051134/https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/calgary/alberta-promises-500k-for-haiti-recovery-1.947208 dead 12 August 2020 Alberta promises $500K for Haiti recovery CBC News 17 January 2010 12 January 2011http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=68c339cf-e29d-4a28-8e28-e89b6ff80f03 Province of Saskatchewan Provides $250,000 in Aid to Haiti Government of Saskatchewan 17 January 2010 12 January 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110501041318/http://www.gov.sk.ca/news?newsId=68c339cf-e29d-4a28-8e28-e89b6ff80f03 1 May 2011 On 18 January 2010, the province of Quebec, whose largest city – Montreal – houses the country's largest Haitian diaspora, pledged C$3 million in emergency aid.https://montrealgazette.com/Quebec+hands+emergency+Haiti/2453273/story.html Quebec hands out C$3M in emergency aid to Haiti The Gazette Montreal 18 January 2010 12 January 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100126041540/http://www.montrealgazette.com/Quebec%2Bhands%2Bemergency%2BHaiti/2453273/story.html 26 January 2010 Both the provincial government of Quebec and the Canadian federal government reaffirmed their commitment to rebuilding Haiti at the 2010 Francophonie Summit; Prime Minister Harper used his opening speech to "tell the head of the Haitian delegation to keep up their spirits" and to urge other nations to continue to support recovery efforts.http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20101023/canada-haiti-cholera-101023/ Francophonie Summit rallies around Haiti crisis CTV News 23 October 2010 12 January 2011 26 October 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20101026005647/http://www.ctv.ca/CTVNews/TopStories/20101023/canada-haiti-cholera-101023 dead President Abdoulaye Wade of Senegal offered interested Haitians free land in Senegal;https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/14/senegal-haiti-earthquake-student-refugees Senegal takes in Haitian student refugees Sheriff Jr. Bojang 14 October 2010 The Guardian 9 December 2019 9 December 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191209170404/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/oct/14/senegal-haiti-earthquake-student-refugees live depending on how many respond to the offer, this could include up to an entire region.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/8463921.stm Senegal offers land to Haitians BBC News 17 January 2010 6 February 2011 2 March 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170302002357/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/8463921.stm live Around 2,000 Haitians applied for this offer.https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/205330/Haitians-start-new-life-in-Senegal Haitians start new life in Senegal 14 October 2010 Daily Express 9 December 2019 9 December 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191209170648/https://www.express.co.uk/news/world/205330/Haitians-start-new-life-in-Senegal live In October 2010, 163 of these applicants arrived in Senegal.https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/10/14/haitians-take-up-senegals-offer/ Haitians take up Senegal's offer Joshua Keating 9 December 2019 9 December 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191209170406/https://foreignpolicy.com/2010/10/14/haitians-take-up-senegals-offer/ live They are Haitian students who were selected to continue their education in Senegal.https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-163-haitian-students-receive-welcome-in-senegal-2010oct14-story.html 163 Haitian students receive welcome in Senegal 14 October 2010 The San Diego Union-Tribune 9 December 2019 9 December 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191209170406/https://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/sdut-163-haitian-students-receive-welcome-in-senegal-2010oct14-story.html live thumb|left|A US mobile air traffic control tower is moved to Haiti by a Russian Antonov An-124 Ruslan. Prime Minister Bellerive announced that from 20 January, people would be helped to relocate outside the zone of devastation, to areas where they may be able to rely on relatives or better fend for themselves; people who have been made homeless would be relocated to the makeshift camps created by residents within the city, where a more focused delivery of aid and sanitation could be achieved. Port-au-Prince, according to an international studies professor at the University of Miami, was ill-equipped before the disaster to sustain the number of people who had migrated there from the countryside over the past ten years to find work.Cave, Damien Exodus to Countryside Reverses Long Trend https://web.archive.org/web/20160722081940/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/world/americas/21scene.html 22 July 2016 , The New York Times, 21 January 2010 After the earthquake, thousands of Port-au-Prince residents began returning to the rural towns they came from.Boyle, Christina Haiti earthquake: Thousands flee ravaged Port-au-Prince following powerful aftershock https://web.archive.org/web/20100123000005/http://www.nydailynews.com/news/world/2010/01/21/2010-01-21_looking_for_any_way_out_thousands_flee_ravaged_capital.html 23 January 2010 , Daily News, 21 January 2010 On 25 January a one-day conference was held in Montreal to assess the relief effort and discuss further plans. Prime Minister Bellerive told delegates from 20 countries that Haiti would need "massive support" for its recovery from the international community. A donors' conference was expected to be held at the UN headquarters in New York in March, however, took more than three months to hold the UN conference. The 26-member international Interim Haiti Reconstruction Commission, headed by Bill Clinton and Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive, convened in June 2010.Haiti earthquake: six months on https://web.archive.org/web/20161104231801/https://www.theguardian.com/world/2010/jul/10/haiti-earthquake-aid-survivors 4 November 2016 The Observer, 10 July 2010 That committee is overseeing the US$5.3 billion pledged internationally for the first two years of Haiti's reconstruction.Leaders look to end dispute over Haiti earthquake aid The Miami Herald, 3 August 2010 The commission was critiqued by Haitian groups for lacking Haitian civil society representation and accountability mechanisms. Half the representation on the commission was given to foreigners who effectively bought their seats by pledging certain amounts of money. An international development consultant contracted by the commission was quoted as saying, "Look, you have to realize the IHRC [commission] was not intended to work as a structure or entity for Haiti or Haitians. It was simply designed as a vehicle for donors to funnel multinationals' and NGOs' project contracts."Bell Beverly 2013 Fault Lines: Views across Haiti's Divide Ithaca, NY Cornell University Press 82 978-0-8014-7769-0 The Netherlands sponsored a project, called Radio555. The Dutch radio channels 3FM, Radio 538 and Radio Veronica all broadcast under the name of Radio555, funded by a contribution of €80 million.Donderdag omroepactie voor Haïti https://web.archive.org/web/20110423112310/http://nos.nl/artikel/129857-donderdag-omroepactie-voor-haiti.html 23 April 2011 , NOS Nieuws, 17 January 2010Fights over land stall Haiti quake recovery https://www.cbsnews.com/news/fights-over-land-stall-haiti-quake-recovery/ CBS News 11 July 2010 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110430155957/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/07/11/world/main6668155.shtml 30 April 2011 live Several organizations of the US building industry and government, such as the Department of Homeland Security and the International Code Council, among others, reported that they were compiling a "Haiti Toolkit" coordinated by the National Institute of Building Sciences. The toolkit would comprise building technology resources and best practices for consideration by the Haitian government with the goal of creating a more resilient infrastructure to prevent future losses of life.Colker Ryan Haiti Toolkit Factsheet http://www.nibs.org/client/assets/files/nibs/FactSheets/HaitiToolkitFactsheet.pdf National Institute of Building Sciences 31 March 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110429214143/http://www.nibs.org/client/assets/files/nibs/FactSheets/HaitiToolkitFactsheet.pdf 29 April 2011 dead Immediately following the earthquake, Real Medicine Foundation began providing medical staffing, in-kind medical supplies and strategic coordination to help meet the surging needs of the health crisis on the ground. Working in close partnership with other relief organizations, Real Medicine organized deployments of volunteer medical specialists to meet the needs of partner hospitals and clinics at the Haiti–Dominican Republic border and in Port-au-Prince, provided direct funding, medical supplies and pharmaceuticals to local health facilities and partner hospitals, provided advisory services and coordination to local health facilities, including physical therapy support, and coordinated mobile health outreaches, field clinics and food supplies to outlying villages overlooked in the relief effort.Haiti Earthquake Relief Projects https://web.archive.org/web/20110104091402/http://www.realmedicinefoundation.org/initiative/haiti-earthquake-relief-projects 4 January 2011 Real Medicine Foundation On 15 January 2011, the Catholic Relief Services announced a US$200 million, five-year relief and reconstruction program that covers shelter, health, livelihoods, and child protection among its program areas.One year later, local efforts to help Haiti rebuild continue http://www.catholicnewworld.com/cnwonline/2011/0116/3.aspx 1 February 2011 16 January 2011 Catholic New World 29 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110429031005/http://www.catholicnewworld.com/cnwonline/2011/0116/3.aspx live Status of the recovery Six months after the quake as much as 98% of the rubble remained uncleared. An estimated 26 million cubic yards (20 million cubic meters) remained, making most of the capital impassable, and thousands of bodies remained in the rubble. The number of people in relief camps of tents and tarps since the quake was 1.6 million, and almost no transitional housing had been built. Most of the camps had no electricity, running water, or sewage disposal, and the tents were beginning to fall apart. Crime in the camps was widespread, especially against women and girls. Between 23 major charities, US$1.1 billion had been collected for Haiti for relief efforts, but only two percent of the money had been released.http://abclocal.go.com/wabc/story?section=news/national_world&id=7549631 ABC Local ABC 12 July 2010 12 August 2010July 2024 medicmedichttps://abcnews.go.com/WN/haiti-earthquake-months-things-stand/story?id=11120059 Haiti Six Months Later: Where Do Things Stand? ABC News United States 8 July 2010 12 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100715055921/http://abcnews.go.com/WN/haiti-earthquake-months-things-stand/story?id=11120059 15 July 2010 live According to a CBS report, US$3.1 billion had been pledged for humanitarian aid and was used to pay for field hospitals, plastic tarps, bandages, and food, plus salaries, transportation and upkeep of relief workers. By May 2010, enough aid had been raised internationally to give each displaced family a cheque for US$37,000.https://www.cbsnews.com/news/haiti-recovery-bogged-down-6-months-after-quake/ Haiti Recovery Bogged Down 6 Months after Quake CBS News 12 July 2010 12 August 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100802003548/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/07/12/world/main6670281.shtml 2 August 2010 live In July 2010, CNN returned to Port-au-Prince and reported, "It looks like the quake just happened yesterday", and Imogen Wall, spokeswoman for the United Nations office of humanitarian affairs in Haiti, said that "six months from that time it may still look the same".http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/07/12/haiti.six.months.later/index.html Six months after quake, Haiti still suffers CNN 12 July 2010 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20100826040451/http://www.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/07/12/haiti.six.months.later/index.html 26 August 2010 live thumb|Remnants of the Cathedral of Our Lady of the Assumption after its collapse. In 2020, the building is still in ruins.Sautreuil Pierre 12 January 2020 Notre-Dame de Port-au-Prince, cathédrale martyre de Haïti https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/notre-dame-de-port-au-prince-cathedrale-martyre-de-haiti-20200112 Le Figaro fr 28 September 2020 18 October 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201018222910/https://www.lefigaro.fr/international/notre-dame-de-port-au-prince-cathedrale-martyre-de-haiti-20200112 live Haitian grassroots groups advocated for the government to fulfill the right to housing as designated in the Haitian constitution, and for donor governments to support this as well. They also worked to push the international community to recognize the wave of evictions from camps that started as early as three months after the earthquake and to put protections in place, but little was done in response.Bell Beverly https://archive.org/details/faultlinesviewsa0000bell/page/135/mode/2up Fault Lines: Views across Haiti's Divide 2013 Cornell University Press 978-0-8014-7769-0 Ithaca, NY 135 registration In September 2010 there were over one million refugees still living in tents, and the humanitarian situation was characterized as still being in the emergency phase, according to the Apostolic Nuncio to Haiti, Archbishop Bernard Auza. He went on to say that the number was rising instead of diminishing, and reported that the state had decided to first rebuild downtown Port-au-Prince and a new government center, but reconstruction had not yet begun.http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=27454&lan=eng Nuncio to Haiti 21 September 2010 Agencia Fides 23 September 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100924011119/http://www.fides.org/aree/news/newsdet.php?idnews=27454&lan=eng 24 September 2010 dead In October 2010, Refugees International characterized the aid agencies as dysfunctional and inexperienced saying,"The people of Haiti are still living in a state of emergency, with a humanitarian response that appears paralyzed". It was reported that gang leaders and land owners were intimidating the displaced and that sexual, domestic, and gang violence in and around the camps was rising.Report: Haiti recovery 'paralysed' https://web.archive.org/web/20101008050313/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/10/20101081122418306.html 8 October 2010 Al Jazeera, 8 October 2010 They claimed that rape of Haitian women and girls who had been living in camps since the January earthquake was increasing, in part, because the United Nations wasn't doing enough to protect them.Group: Haiti Earthquake Camps Expose Women to Sex Violence https://web.archive.org/web/20140806051245/http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2010-10-07/haiti-earthquake-camps-expose-women-to-sexual-violence-refugee-group-says.html 6 August 2014 Bloomberg News, 7 October 2010 In October, a cholera epidemic broke out, probably introduced by United Nations peacekeepers. Cholera most often affects poor countries with limited access to clean water and proper sanitation. By the end of 2010, more than 3,333 had died at a rate of about 50 deaths a day.Haiti's cholera deaths increase https://web.archive.org/web/20110103145653/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/americas/2010/12/2010123144850233194.html 3 January 2011 Al Jazeera, 31 December 2010 2011 In January 2011, one year after the quake, Oxfam published a report on the status of the recovery. According to the report, relief and recovery were at a standstill due to government inaction and indecision on the part of the donor countries. The report stated: "One year on, only five percent of the rubble has been cleared and only 15 percent of the required basic and temporary houses have been built. House building on a large scale cannot be started before the enormous amount of rubble is cleared. The government and donors must prioritize this most basic step toward helping people return home".A year of indecision leaves Haiti's recovery at a standstill https://web.archive.org/web/20110116065502/http://www.oxfam.org/en/pressroom/pressrelease/2011-01-06/year-indecision-leaves-haiti-recovery-standstill 16 January 2011 Oxfam International, 6 January 2011 Robert Fox, executive director of Oxfam Canada, said: "The dysfunction has been aided unabated by the way the international community has organized itself, where pledges have been made and they haven't followed through [and] where they come to the table with their own agendas and own priorities. Most donors provided funds for transitional housing but very little money for clearing rubble or repairing houses". Fox said that in many instances rubble removal "means it was [moved] off someone's property onto the road in front of the property".Haiti reconstruction at 'standstill,' says Oxfam report https://web.archive.org/web/20110115064133/http://www.canada.com/news/Haiti+reconstruction+standstill+says+Oxfam+report/4065941/story.html 15 January 2011 Canada.com, 5 January 2011Haiti Progress Report 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20110111043729/http://www.oxfam.org/en/policy/haiti-progress-report-2010 11 January 2011 Oxfam International, 6 January 2011 According to a UNICEF report, "Still today more than one million people remain displaced, living in crowded camps where livelihoods, shelter and services are still hardly sufficient for children to stay healthy".Children in Haiti: One Year After – The long road from relief to recovery https://web.archive.org/web/20110112080130/http://www.unicefusa.org/assets/pdf/Children-in-Haiti-One-Year-After.pdf 12 January 2011 UNICEF, January 2011 Amnesty International reported that armed men were preying with impunity on girls and women in displacement camps, worsening the trauma of victims who have lost homes, livelihoods and loved ones.Haiti: Sexual violence against women increasing https://web.archive.org/web/20141224181408/http://www.amnesty.org/en/news-and-updates/report/haiti-sexual-violence-against-women-increasing-2011-01-06 24 December 2014 Amnesty International, 6 January 2011 On the first anniversary of the earthquake, Haitian-born Michaëlle Jean, who served as the Governor General of Canada at the time of the disaster, and who became United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Special Envoy for Haiti on 8 November 2010, voiced her anger at the slow rate of aid delivery. She blamed the international community for abandoning its commitments. In a public letter co-authored with UNESCO head Irina Bokova, Jean said, "As time passes, what began as a natural disaster is becoming a disgraceful reflection on the international community."https://www.cbc.ca/news/world/haiti-raises-quake-death-toll-on-anniversary-1.1011363 Haiti raises quake death toll on anniversary 12 January 2011 CBC News 13 January 2011 4 July 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150704110258/http://www.cbc.ca/news/world/haiti-raises-quake-death-toll-on-anniversary-1.1011363 live The Interim Haiti Recovery Commission, led by former US President Bill Clinton and Haitian Prime Minister Jean-Max Bellerive, had been set up to facilitate the flow of funds toward reconstruction projects in April 2010, but as of January 2011, no major reconstruction had started. 2012 In January 2012, two years since the quake, figures released by the United Nations show that of the nearly US$4.5 billion pledged for reconstruction projects in 2010 and 2011, only 43% has been delivered.https://huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/11/haiti-earthquake-recovery_n_1197730.html HuffPost Eleanor Goldberg Haiti Earthquake Recovery: Where Did All The Money Go? (INFOGRAPHIC) 11 January 2012 11 December 2019 5 June 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170605014927/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2012/01/11/haiti-earthquake-recovery_n_1197730.html live Venezuela and the US, which promised the major share of reconstruction funds, have disbursed only 24% and 30%, respectively. Japan and Finland are among the few donors to have fully met their pledges. The data shows that some crucial sectors face particularly large funding gaps. In 2010 and 2011, for example, donors disbursed just US$125 million of the US$311 million in grants allocated to agriculture projects, and only US$108 million of the US$315 million in grants allocated to health projects. Only 6% of bilateral aid for reconstruction projects has gone through Haitian institutions, and less than 1% of relief funding has gone through the government of Haiti.https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/datablog/2012/jan/12/haiti-earthquake-aid-money-data London The Guardian Claire Provost Haiti earthquake: Where has the aid money gone? 12 January 2012 13 December 2016 20 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160320170923/http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/datablog/2012/jan/12/haiti-earthquake-aid-money-data live A January 2012 Oxfam report said that a half a million Haitians remained homeless, still living under tarps and in tents.http://www.oxfamamerica.org/press/pressreleases/two-years-on-and-haitis-reconstruction-proceeds-at-a-snails-pace-leaving-half-a-million-haitians-homeless Two years on and Haiti's reconstruction proceeds at a 'snail's pace,' leaving half a million Haitians homeless – Oxfam America 19 January 2012 https://archive.today/20120905135102/http://www.oxfamamerica.org/press/pressreleases/two-years-on-and-haitis-reconstruction-proceeds-at-a-snails-pace-leaving-half-a-million-haitians-homeless 5 September 2012 dead Watchdog groups have criticized the reconstruction process saying that part of the problem is that charities spent a considerable amount of money on "soaring rents, board members' needs, overpriced supplies and imported personnel," the Miami Herald reported. "A lot of good work was done; the money clearly didn't all get squandered," but, "A lot just wasn't responding to needs on the ground. Millions were spent on ad campaigns telling people to wash their hands. Telling them to wash their hands when there's no water or soap is a slap in the face." The Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti, Let Haiti Live, and the Center for Constitutional Rights have recommended immediate changes to recovery efforts to ensure that critical human rights concerns are addressed. A report found that, "The conditions in the displaced persons camps are abysmal, particularly for women and girls who too often are victims of gender-based violence". They call for more oversight of accountability of reconstruction plans, asking, "Why have only 94,000 transitional shelters been built to date despite a stated goal of 125,000 in the first year?"http://ijdh.org/archives/24151 https://web.archive.org/web/20120430020806/http://ijdh.org/archives/24151 dead Institute for Justice & Democracy in Haiti » Blog Archive » Press Release: Two Years After The Earthquake, Where Did The Money Go? Human Rights Groups Urge Immediate Changes I... 30 April 2012 On 25 August 2012, recovery was hampered due to Tropical Storm Isaac impacting Haiti's southern peninsula. There it caused flooding and 29 deaths according to local reporting. As a result of the 2010 earthquake, more than 400,000 Haitians continue to live in tents and experienced the storm without adequate shelter.Tropical Storm Isaac douses Haiti, killing 4 before crossing Cuba and aiming at Florida https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/tropical-storm-isaac-douses-haiti-killing-4-before-crossing-cuba-and-aiming-at-florida/2012/08/25/8ec69584-ef13-11e1-b624-99dee49d8d67_story.html The Washington Post 26 August 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120829213939/http://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/tropical-storm-isaac-douses-haiti-killing-4-before-crossing-cuba-and-aiming-at-florida/2012/08/25/8ec69584-ef13-11e1-b624-99dee49d8d67_story.html 29 August 2012Aid workers prep Haiti's tent city residents for Isaac's onlsaught – World News https://web.archive.org/web/20120825235800/http://worldnews.nbcnews.com/_news/2012/08/24/13462431-aid-workers-prep-haitis-tent-city-residents-for-isaacs-onlsaught?lite 25 August 2012 In late October, with over 370,000 still living in tent camps, a second tropical storm, Hurricane Sandy, killed 55 and left large portions of Haiti under water.https://calgaryherald.com/news/Hurricane+Sandys+death+toll+rises+flooding+continues+Haiti/7469821/story.html 65 dead as Hurricane Sandy crosses Caribbean; 'the whole south is under water,' says Haitian PM (with video) 31 October 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20121101035841/http://www.calgaryherald.com/news/Hurricane+Sandys+death+toll+rises+flooding+continues+Haiti/7469821/story.html 1 November 2012 dead At the 2012 Consultative Group meeting of the Global Facility for Disaster Reduction and Recovery (GFDRR), the Haitian delegation shared a "bottom-up" approach to disaster reduction and management based on community integration and sustainable development with a group of experts from approximately 38 nations.https://www.preventionweb.net/go/26298 Haiti's disaster risk management and recovery experience showcased at GFDRR meeting preventionweb.net 18 April 2012 9 December 2019 2 May 2021 https://web.archive.org/web/20210502114156/https://www.preventionweb.net/news/view/26298 live 2013 According to the International Monetary Fund, more than half of the 10000000 m3 yd3 of debris have been removed, and 20% of it has been recycled.https://huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/12/haiti-earthquake-recovery-2013_n_2451267.html HuffPost Zoe Mintz LOOK: Haiti 3 Years Later: Where Has The Money Gone? 12 January 2013 11 December 2019 11 October 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161011164158/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2013/01/12/haiti-earthquake-recovery-2013_n_2451267.html live The 2010 cholera outbreak has continued. According to U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention it is considered the worst epidemic of cholera since the 1994 outbreak in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (called Zaire at that time).https://www.voanews.com/a/haitis-cholera-epidemic-not-waningvaccination-to-begin-134083213/164624.html Haiti's Cholera Epidemic Not Waning; Vaccination to Begin 16 November 2011 29 September 2013 2 October 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131002111451/http://www.voanews.com/content/haitis-cholera-epidemic-not-waningvaccination-to-begin-134083213/164624.html live By August 2013, it had killed over 8,231 Haitians and hospitalized hundreds of thousands more.as usual, Haitian government sources are cited which tend to be notoriously inflated. The figures report a gross casualty rate of "maybe" 4%, not much worse than any other 3rd world country. That means that the claim of "worse" health care is incorrect or needs better justification September 2013 More than 6% of Haitians have had the disease. Care of cholera patients remains inadequate with much now done in tent facilities with rows of cots for patient treatment.https://huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121128/cb-haiti-cholera-plan/?ir=homepage HuffPost Haiti, DR to eliminate cholera with $2.2 billion 11 December 2019 4 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304215435/http://www.huffingtonpost.com/huff-wires/20121128/cb-haiti-cholera-plan/?ir=homepage live The United Nations peacekeeping force, widely believed responsible for the cholera outbreak,https://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/world/americas/haitis-cholera-outraced-the-experts-and-tainted-the-un.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 In Haiti, Global Failures on a Cholera Epidemic Sontag Deborah 31 March 2012 The New York Times 25 July 2013 30 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130530025124/http://www.nytimes.com/2012/04/01/world/americas/haitis-cholera-outraced-the-experts-and-tainted-the-un.html?pagewanted=all&_r=0 live continues to refuse to accept responsibility,http://www.ijdh.org/advocacies/our-work/cholera-advocacy/ The Cholera Accountability Project Institute for Justice and Democracy in Haiti 25 July 2013 7 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160707173825/http://www.ijdh.org/advocacies/our-work/cholera-advocacy/ live however, they have launched a $2.2 billion initiative to combat cholera and the construction of a $17 million teaching hospital in Mirebalais which will employ 800 Haitians and treat 185,000 people.Roos Robert Cholera has struck more than 6% of Haitians http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/fs/food-disease/news/jan0913cholera.html CIDRAP 9 January 2013 25 September 2013 6 May 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130506193329/http://www.cidrap.umn.edu/cidrap/content/fs/food-disease/news/jan0913cholera.html liveGovernment of Haiti, health ministry http://www.mspp.gouv.ht/site/downloads/Rapport%20%20Web%2012.08_Avec_Courbes_Departementales.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20130927155229/http://www.mspp.gouv.ht/site/downloads/Rapport%20%20Web%2012.08_Avec_Courbes_Departementales.pdf 27 September 2013 By the beginning of the year only a small part—$215 million—of the total funds collected for aid had been spent on permanent housing, with most of it—$1.2 billion—going for short-term solutions including tent camps, temporary shelters, and cash grants that paid a year's rent. A 2013 survey disclosed that of the 1.5 million Haitians living in camps following the quake, about 279,000 remained in a total of 352 camps. 15% of the camps had no basic protection services,not sure what this means in a country when you run the other way when you see a cop coming September 2013 and 48% no health services.how does this compare against the rest of Haiti which mostly lacks health services September 2013 While 20% lacked functioning toilets, this is higher than the population outside tent cities, where 50% lack toilets. Many camps remained at a risk for flooding and more than a third of the camps (108) were at risk for evictions.http://www.eshelter-cccmhaiti.info/jl/images/sheltercccm%20cluster%20-%20hct%20meeting%2014082013%20.pdf Situation in camps - Shelter & CCM - HCT - 14 August 2013 - Archived copy eshelter-cccmhaiti.info 17 January 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20130926225933/http://www.eshelter-cccmhaiti.info/jl/images/sheltercccm%20cluster%20-%20hct%20meeting%2014082013%20.pdf 26 September 2013 dead In a 2013 statement, the American Red Cross reported that almost all of the money collected for quake relief has been spent or is scheduled for making progress permanent by ensuring people can leave camps and return to stable communities, which includes building new homes, repairing homes, completing a new hospital and clinic, and signing an agreement for a second hospital.Haiti Earthquake Response – Three -Year Update https://web.archive.org/web/20130515014651/http://www.redcross.org/images/MEDIA_CustomProductCatalog/m16140573_Haiti-Three-Year-Update.pdf 15 May 2013 Red Cross. January 2013. 2015 In 2015, NPR and ProPublica investigated the disappearance of US$500 million donated to the American Red Cross for earthquake relief, earlier described by the charity as the result of "one of the most successful fundraisers ever". Despite the claims of the American Red Cross that 130,000 homes had been built, the investigation discovered that only six had been built. The investigation reviewed "hundreds" of pages of internal documents and interviewed "more than a dozen" former and current staff members, investigating the organization's claim that 4.5 million Haitians had been helped "back on their feet". Joel Boutroue, a Haitian government advisor, said that this number would cover "100 percent of the urban area", and observed that it would mean the Red Cross had served every city in Haiti. Numerous other claims did not hold up under investigation. NPR found that the project was riddled with "multiple staffing changes", bureaucratic delays and a language barrier, as many of the Red Cross officials spoke neither French nor Haitian Creole. General counsel for the American Red Cross, David Meltzer, provided investigators with the NGO's official statistics, but would not elaborate on them. The public affairs office of the Red Cross disputed NPR and ProPublica's claims in an email, and claimed that their investigative report could cause an international incident. By June the American Red Cross had transferred the rebuilding efforts to the Haitian Red Cross.https://www.npr.org/2015/06/03/411524156/in-search-of-the-red-cross-500-million-in-haiti-relief In Search of the Red Cross' $500 Million in Haiti Relief NPR 3 June 2015 26 July 2016 31 July 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160731080724/http://www.npr.org/2015/06/03/411524156/in-search-of-the-red-cross-500-million-in-haiti-relief live 2016 In 2016, Haiti was struck by Hurricane Matthew which leveled entire communities and caused an upsurge in the ongoing cholera epidemic which was introduced to the island by United Nations peacekeepers. As of March 2017, around 7% of Haiti's population (around 800,665 people) have been affected with cholera, and 9,480 Haitians have died. 2017 In 2017, the United Nations reported that 2.5 million Haitians were still in need of humanitarian aid. U.N. Humanitarian Coordinator Mourad Wahba said, "There are still about 55,000 people in camps and makeshift camps. Many are still living in unsanitary conditions due to displacement caused by the earthquake. We have a very long way to go."Cook Jesselyn 7 Years After Haiti's Earthquake, Millions Still Need Aid https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/haiti-earthquake-anniversary_us_5875108de4b02b5f858b3f9c HuffPost 11 January 2018 12 January 2017 5 January 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180105051855/https://www.huffingtonpost.com/entry/haiti-earthquake-anniversary_us_5875108de4b02b5f858b3f9c live In literature The Haiti 2010 earthquake has been depicted in the novel God Loves Haiti, by Dimitry Elias Léger.https://www.nytimes.com/2015/02/08/books/review/new-books-by-emma-hooper-quan-barry-and-dimitry-elias-Léger.html Debut Novels, New Books by Emma Hopper, Quan Barry and Dimitry Elias Léger The New York Times 6 February 2015 2 July 2015 See also Haiti Caribbean 2010 Haiti cholera outbreak 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami 2018 Haiti earthquake 2021 Haiti earthquake List of earthquakes in 2010 List of earthquakes in Haiti List of natural disasters in Haiti List of deadliest earthquakes Notes References USGS Magnitude 7.0 – HAITI REGION https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/ 13 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100115110510/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/ 15 January 2010 dead Lisa Millar Tens of thousands isolated at quake epicentre 17 January 2010 http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/17/2794190.htm ABC News Australia 18 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100120070235/http://www.abc.net.au/news/stories/2010/01/17/2794190.htm 20 January 2010 dead http://www.newyorkdailytimes.com/news/story/y/75005_as-haiti-mourns-quake-survivor-found-in-rubble.htm As Haiti mourns, quake survivor found in rubble 24 January 2010 New York Daily Times 1 February 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110427015403/http://www.newyorkdailytimes.com/news/story/y/75005_as-haiti-mourns-quake-survivor-found-in-rubble.htm 27 April 2011 https://www.cbsnews.com/news/red-cross-3m-haitians-affected-by-quake/ Red Cross: 3M Haitians Affected by Quake CBS News 13 January 2010 13 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100120005255/http://www.cbsnews.com/stories/2010/01/13/world/main6090601.shtml?tag=cbsnewsSectionContent.4 20 January 2010 live Associated Press Archbishop of Port-Au-Prince Dies in Haiti Quake The Times of India 14 January 2010 http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/Archbishop-of-Port-au-Prince-dies-in-Haiti-earthquake/articleshow/5442266.cms 5 February 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100330065721/http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/world/europe/Archbishop-of-Port-au-Prince-dies-in-Haiti-earthquake/articleshow/5442266.cms 30 March 2010 http://de.news.yahoo.com/26/20100115/tdefault-boschafter-mehrere-minister-unter-de-7458eeb.html Boschafter: Mehrere Minister unter den Toten 15 January 2010 Deutsche Presse-Agentur de 15 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100118123651/http://de.news.yahoo.com/26/20100115/tdefault-boschafter-mehrere-minister-unter-de-7458eeb.html 18 January 2010 dead http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world/haiti-after-the-quake_100305308.html Haiti After The Quake Thaindian News 17 January 2010 20 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100131020549/http://www.thaindian.com/newsportal/world/haiti-after-the-quake_100305308.html 31 January 2010 live Briefing by Martin Nesirky, Spokesperson for the Secretary-General, and Jean Victor Nkolo, Spokesperson for the President of the General Assembly https://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2010/db100113.doc.htm United Nations 13 January 2010 13 January 2010 1 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110501031542/http://www.un.org/News/briefings/docs/2010/db100113.doc.htm live Clinton visits quake-hit Haitians https://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8463490.stm BBC News 16 January 2010 16 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100119084229/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8463490.stm 19 January 2010 live Haiti: bilancio del terremoto, 111.499 vittime 22 January 2010 Corriere della Sera http://www.corriere.it/notizie-ultima-ora/Esteri/Haiti-bilancio-terremoto-111-499-vittime/23-01-2010/1-A_000077248.shtml 23 January 2010 1 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110501051400/http://www.corriere.it/notizie-ultima-ora/Esteri/Haiti-bilancio-terremoto-111-499-vittime/23-01-2010/1-A_000077248.shtml live Claude Prepetit http://www.bme.gouv.ht/risques%20geologiques/LeMatin_s%E9ismes.pdf Tremblements de terre en Haïti, mythe ou réalité ? fr Le Matin 33082 9 October 2008 27 February 2019 12 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110512235540/http://www.bme.gouv.ht/risques%20geologiques/LeMatin_s%E9ismes.pdf dead, quoting Médéric Louis Élie Moreau de Saint-Méry Moreau de Saint-Méry Médéric Louis Élie Description topographique, physique, civile, politique et historique de la partie française de l'Ile Saint Domingue and J. M. Jan Documentation religieuse Éditions Henri Deschamps 1972 https://www.nbcnews.com/id/wbna34829978 Earthquake leaves Haiti 'worse than a war zone' NBC News 13 January 2010 13 January 2010 23 April 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180423093307/http://www.nbcnews.com/id/34829978/ live "Human Development Report 2009 Haiti" United Nations Development Programme. Retrieved 13 January 2010. https://web.archive.org/web/20091214071927/http://hdrstats.undp.org/en/countries/country_fact_sheets/cty_fs_HTI.html 14 December 2009 "Travel Advice – Haiti" https://web.archive.org/web/20091029105029/http://www.smartraveller.gov.au/zw-cgi/view/Advice/Haiti 29 October 2009 , Smartraveller: The Australian Government's travel advisory and consular assistance service. Retrieved 13 January 2010. https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gV7dSp1H3MOP1oJjqeolVcym8J8g Fears of major catastrophe as 7.0 quake rocks Haiti Renois Clarens 12 January 2010 Agence France-Presse 13 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100115155121/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5gV7dSp1H3MOP1oJjqeolVcym8J8g 15 January 2010 dead Carroll, Rory 'We are going to disappear one day' https://web.archive.org/web/20160308003223/http://www.theguardian.com/world/2008/nov/08/haiti-hurricanes 8 March 2016 , The Guardian, 8 November 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2010. "Magnitude 7.0 – HAITI REGION Tectonic Summary" https://web.archive.org/web/20100115110510/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/ 15 January 2010 United States Geological Survey, 12 January 2010 "PAGER – M 7.0 – HAITI REGION" https://web.archive.org/web/20100115110515/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/pager/events/us/2010rja6/index.html 15 January 2010 United States Geological Survey, 12 January 2010 "Magnitude 7.0 – HAITI REGION USGS Community Internet Intensity Map" https://web.archive.org/web/20100115110505/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/dyfi/events/us/2010rja6/us/index.html 15 January 2010 United States Geological Survey, 12 January 2010 Amos Jonathan https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8456233.stm Haiti quake: The worst of places for a big tremor BBC News 13 January 2010 13 January 2010 https://archive.today/20100114052310/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8456233.stm 14 January 2010 live http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/Haiti%20Earthquake.html Haiti Earthquake Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Science – University of Colorado 12 January 2010 16 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100122224623/http://cires.colorado.edu/~bilham/Haiti%20Earthquake.html 22 January 2010 live https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/finite_fault.php Finite Fault Model Preliminary Result of the 12 January 2010 Mw 7.0 Haiti Earthquake 14 January 2010 United States Geological Survey https://web.archive.org/web/20100116190829/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2010/us2010rja6/finite_fault.php 16 January 2010 dead http://www.seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp/sanchu/Seismo_Note/2010/NGY24.html NGY Seismology Note No. 24 (in Japanese) 13 January 2010 Research Center for Seismology Volcanology and Disaster Mitigation Nagoya University 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110513023137/http://www.seis.nagoya-u.ac.jp/sanchu/Seismo_Note/2010/NGY24.html 13 May 2011 live http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/many-casualties-expected-after-273518.html https://archive.today/20210218231427/https://www.webcitation.org/5mqlD7Ktw?url=http://www.ajc.com/news/nation-world/many-casualties-expected-after-273518.html 18 February 2021 Many casualties expected after big quake in Haiti Katz Jonathan M. 12 January 2010 The Atlanta Journal-Constitution 12 January 2010 live DeMets C. Wiggins-Grandison W. 2007 Deformation of Jamaica and motion of the Gonâve microplate from GPS and seismic data Geophysical Journal International 168 1 362–378 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2006.03236.x 2007GeoJI.168..362D free http://www.ig.utexas.edu/jsg/18_cgg/Mann3.htm Entiquillo-Plantain Garden Strike-Slip Fault Zone: A Major Seismic Hazard Affecting Dominican Republic, Haiti and Jamaica 18th Caribbean Geological Conference Mann, Paul Calais, Eric Demets, Chuck Prentice, Carol S Wiggins-Grandison, Margaret March 2008 13 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100116160020/http://www.ig.utexas.edu/jsg/18_cgg/Mann3.htm 16 January 2010 dead http://www.lematinhaiti.com/Article.asp?ID=14646 https://web.archive.org/web/20100116215034/http://www.lematinhaiti.com/Article.asp?ID=14646 16 January 2010 Haiti/ Menace de Catastrope Naturelle / Risque sismique élevé sur Port-au-Prince Delacroix Phoenix 25 September 2008 12 January 2010 dead https://archive.today/20121214082414/http://neic.usgs.gov/cgi-bin/epic/epic.cgi?SEARCHMETHOD=3&SLAT2=0.0&SLAT1=0.0&SLON2=0.0&SLON1=0.0&FILEFORMAT=4&SEARCHRANGE=HH&CLAT=18&CLON=-73&CRAD=300&SYEAR=2010&SMONTH=01&SDAY=12&EYEAR=2010&EMONTH=01&EDAY=30&LMAG=3&UMAG=9&NDEP1=&NDEP2=&IO1=&IO2=&SUBMIT=Submit+Search NEIC: Earthquake Search Results US Geological Survey; Lists earthquakes recorded from 12 January until 30 January. Retrieved 30 January 2010. http://edition.cnn.com/2010/WORLD/americas/01/20/haiti.earthquake/ New aid arrives, but aftershock rattles Haiti 20 January 2010 CNN 20 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100122000932/http://edition.cnn.com//2010//WORLD//americas//01//20//haiti.earthquake// 22 January 2010 live Aftershock Rattles Nerves in Haitian Capital https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/world/americas/21haiti.html Marc Lacey 20 January 2010 20 January 2010 The New York Times https://web.archive.org/web/20100121043810/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/21/world/americas/21haiti.html 21 January 2010 live https://www.journalnow.com/news/local/haitians-flee-in-fear-as-big-aftershock-hits/article_65d62ec4-2dba-5dd0-a69c-f0da410b5055.html Haitians flee in fear as big aftershock hits Associated Press 20 January 2010 Winston-Salem Journal 27 January 2019 28 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190228065809/https://www.journalnow.com/news/local/haitians-flee-in-fear-as-big-aftershock-hits/article_65d62ec4-2dba-5dd0-a69c-f0da410b5055.html live Haiti earthquake: ICRC sets up special website to facilitate family contacts 20 January 2010 International Committee of the Red Cross http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/haiti-news-140110 22 January 2010 https://archive.today/20100119214444/http://icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/haiti-news-140110 19 January 2010 live A Deadly Quake in a Seismic Hot Zone https://web.archive.org/web/20170616062308/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/26/science/26fault.html 16 June 2017 The New York Times, 25 February 2010 Michelle McQuigge Aid workers face frightening challenges in wake of massive quake in Haiti 13 January 2010 Metro News Metro International http://www.whistlerquestion.com/article/20100113/WHISTLER20/301139905/-1/WHISTLER/aid-workers-face-frightening-challenges-in-wake-of-massive-quake-in https://web.archive.org/web/20140407072600/http://www.whistlerquestion.com/article/20100113/WHISTLER20/301139905/-1/WHISTLER/aid-workers-face-frightening-challenges-in-wake-of-massive-quake-in dead 7 April 2014 14 January 2010 https://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/only-one-hospital-open-in-haitis-quakehit-capital/news-story/d033ffb73efc74b53fd233e83602ae36 Only one hospital open in Haiti's quake-hit capital NewsComAU 14 January 2010 15 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100114220920/http://www.news.com.au/breaking-news/only-one-hospital-open-in-haitis-quake-hit-capital/story-e6frfku0-1225819044634 14 January 2010 live https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/6977308/Major-earthquake-off-Haiti-causes-hospital-to-collapse.html Major earthquake off Haiti causes hospital to collapse 12 January 2010 The Telegraph 1 February 2011 London 23 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110423082743/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/centralamericaandthecaribbean/haiti/6977308/Major-earthquake-off-Haiti-causes-hospital-to-collapse.html live Fraser Christian https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8476185.stm Haitians show fortitude in face of disaster BBC News 20 January 2010 24 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100124052219/http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/americas/8476185.stm 24 January 2010 live https://www.un.org/webcast/pdfs/unia1167.pdf UN provides generator for a hospital in Haiti 24 January 2010 United Nations 10 August 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090810234343/http://www.un.org/webcast/pdfs/unia1167.pdf live Eric Lipton Devastation, Seen From a Ship 13 January 2010 https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/14/world/americas/14cutter.html The New York Times 18 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100117140714/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/14/world/americas/14cutter.html?hp 17 January 2010 live Martha Brannigan Haiti seaport damage complicates relief efforts http://www.miamiherald.com/news/breaking-news/story/1426067.html https://archive.today/20120923125848/http://www.miamiherald.com/news/breaking-news/story/1426067.html dead 23 September 2012 Miami Herald 15 January 2010 15 January 2010 Statement From Digicel on Haiti Earthquake https://web.archive.org/web/20100820123624/http://www.indiaprwire.com/pressrelease/telecommunications/2010011441347.htm 20 August 2010 , IndiaPRwire, 14 January 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2010. Update from Trilogy: five employees killed in Haiti Kristi Heim 19 January 2010 http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thebusinessofgiving/2010835512_update_from_trilogy_on_haiti.html The Seattle Times 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110426033300/http://seattletimes.nwsource.com/html/thebusinessofgiving/2010835512_update_from_trilogy_on_haiti.html 26 April 2011 live Rhoads Christopher https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB10001424052748703657604575005453223257096 Earthquake Sets Back Haiti's Efforts to Improve Telecommunications The Wall Street Journal 15 January 2010 22 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100123030927/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703657604575005453223257096.html 23 January 2010 live Radio Extends Efforts to Help Haiti T. Carter Ross Radio World 25 January 2010 http://www.rwonline.com/article/93612 25 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100202073959/http://www.rwonline.com/article/93612 2 February 2010 usurped Rebuilding Haiti from rubble and dust Karern Allen BBC News 28 January 2010 https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8484512.stm 28 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100129054127/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/americas/8484512.stm 29 January 2010 live "Haitian palace collapses" The Straits Times, 13 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100117035802/http://www.straitstimes.com/BreakingNews/World/Story/STIStory_476705.html 17 January 2010 Haïti: les rescapés évacués à la Martinique décrivent le "chaos" 14 January 2010 Nouvel OBS http://tempsreel.nouvelobs.com/depeches/societe/20100114.FAP2717/haiti_les_rescapes_evacues_a_la_martinique_decrivent_le.html 15 January 2010June 2016 medic yesmedic http://www.foxnews.com/slideshow/world/2010/01/12/earthquake-rocks-haiti Earthquake Rocks Haiti Fox News 12 January 2010 13 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100115115246/http://www.foxnews.com/slideshow/world/2010/01/12/earthquake-rocks-haiti 15 January 2010 dead http://www.tsr.ch/tsr/index.html?siteSect=200001&sid=11711317&cKey=1263396099000 Info – Séisme à Haïti: les autorités s'attendent au pire tsr.ch 13 January 2010 13 January 2010 8 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200408215918/https://www.rts.ch/ live http://archive.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2010/01/19/haitis_president_narrowly_missed_injury_in_quake/ Haiti's president narrowly missed injury in quake The Boston Globe 19 January 2010 Jonathan M. Katz 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110511103430/http://www.boston.com/news/world/latinamerica/articles/2010/01/19/haitis_president_narrowly_missed_injury_in_quake/ 11 May 2011 live Marc Lacey U.S. Troops Patrol Haiti, Filling a Void https://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/americas/20haiti.html The New York Times 19 January 2010 19 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100120232639/http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/20/world/americas/20haiti.html 20 January 2010 live Manuel Roig-Franzia Shattered city government in quake-ravaged Port-au-Prince in need of help itself https://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/19/AR2010011904614.html?hpid=topnews The Washington Post 20 January 2010 20 January 2010 11 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181211210454/http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/01/19/AR2010011904614.html?hpid=topnews live Interview-Haitian education system 'totally collapsed' Reuters ReliefWeb 18 January 2010 http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/SNAA-7ZT9P6?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=EQ-2010-000009-HTI 26 January 2010 21 April 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100421052600/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/SNAA-7ZT9P6?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=EQ-2010-000009-HTI live Midwifery and Nursing School Destroyed by Haiti Earthquake United Nations Population Fund ReliefWeb 22 January 2010 http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/EGUA-7ZXUS3?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=EQ-2010-000009-HTI 26 January 2010 21 April 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100421052537/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/EGUA-7ZXUS3?OpenDocument&rc=2&emid=EQ-2010-000009-HTI live A cultural agony in a nation where art is life Tracy Wilkinson Los Angeles Times 24 January 2010 https://latimes.com/news/nation-and-world/la-fg-haiti-artists24-2010jan24,0,5707519.story 24 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100127174933/http://www.latimes.com/news/nation-and-world/la-fg-haiti-artists24-2010jan24%2C0%2C5707519.story 27 January 2010 live World Bank to assess Haiti damage, plan rebuilding Reuters 12 January 2010 Lesley Wroughton https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1213577020100113?type=marketsNews 26 April 2011 26 March 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100326224433/http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSN1213577020100113?type=marketsNews live http://www.ibtimes.com/citigroup-resumes-operations-haiti-364203 Citigroup resumes operations in Haiti IB Times 24 January 2010 25 January 2010 7 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140407125112/http://www.ibtimes.com/citigroup-resumes-operations-haiti-364203 live Bill Faries William Varner Earthquake in Haiti May Have Killed 'Over 100,000' 10 January 2010 Bloomberg News https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=acLZCbL2jFvI&pos=8 20 January 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100118014229/http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601087&sid=acLZCbL2jFvI&pos=8 18 January 2010 live http://www.apparelnews.net/news/international/011510-Apparel-Makers-Assess-Damages-in-Haiti-and-Organize-Donations Apparel Makers Assess Damages in Haiti and Organize Donations 15 January 2010 ApparelNews.net 15 January 2010 26 April 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110426195939/http://www.apparelnews.net/news/international/011510-Apparel-Makers-Assess-Damages-in-Haiti-and-Organize-Donations live La Presse http://www.cyberpresse.ca/international/amerique-latine/seisme-en-haiti/201002/15/01-949725-un-barrage-menace-de-ceder-a-grand-goave.php Un barrage menace de céder à Grand-Goâve Philippe Mercure 15 February 2010 16 February 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100328155935/http://www.cyberpresse.ca/international/amerique-latine/seisme-en-haiti/201002/15/01-949725-un-barrage-menace-de-ceder-a-grand-goave.php 28 March 2010 live fr Sources Drowning in Plastics – Marine Litter and Plastic Waste Vital Graphics United Nations Environment Programme https://www.unep.org/resources/report/drowning-plastics-marine-litter-and-plastic-waste-vital-graphics https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:United_Nations_Environment_Programme_Drowning_in_Plastics_%E2%80%93_Marine_Litter_and_Plastic_Waste_Vital_Graphics.pdf CC BY-SA 3.0 IGO Further reading TIME Haiti Earthquake Haiti: Tragedy and Hope 2010 TIME Inc. Home Entertainment: Richard Fraiman 978-1-60320-163-6 80 Richar Stengel Nancy Gibbs Timothy Fadek Shaul Schwarz Amy Wilentz Bryan Walsh Bill Clinton Michael Elliot Jeffery Kluger Richard Lacayo Mary Beth Protomastro New York Munro Martin Writing on the Fault Line: Haitian LIterature and the Earthquake of 2010 2014 Liverpool University Press Nunn Jack Bodies, Temporalities and Archives: Literary and Filmic Production after the 2010 Haitian Earthquake French Studies Bulletin 4 May 2023 44 166 1–11 10.1093/frebul/ktad001 free External links FAO and the Haiti earthquake https://web.archive.org/web/20211029102516/https://www.fao.org/emergencies/crisis/haiti-earthquake-2010/en/ 29 October 2021 The ICRC in Haiti, Features, photos, videos Illustration -Major earthquakes in the Caribbean since the 1600s and Haiti earthquake NY Times Haiti Learning and Accountability Portal Overview of ongoing and planned evaluation and accountability efforts by aid agencies operating in Haiti Haiti Reconstruction: USAID Infrastructure Projects Have Had Mixed Results and Face Sustainability Challenges: Testimony before the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives, 9 October 2013 Government Accountability Office Aid-workers, academics and journalists discuss the social context of the earthquake and international response https://web.archive.org/web/20100717010457/http://www.viddler.com/explore/frontlineclub/videos/389/ 17 July 2010 The Frontline Club, February 2010 PreventionWeb 2010 Haiti Earthquake https://web.archive.org/web/20120212152637/http://www.preventionweb.net/english/professional/news/tags/index.php/pw:htiearthquake2010/Haiti%20earthquake%202010/ 12 February 2012 Moment the quake destroyed the Haitian Presidential Palace – Voice of America on YouTube 14226221 eq-2010-000009-hti collapsed Haiti earthquake Haiti Earthquake, 2010 Category:2010 tsunamis Category:Earthquakes in Haiti Category:January 2010 in North America Category:Buried rupture earthquakes