1981 Philippine presidential election and referendum

10th election of Philippine president February 2022 1981 Philippine presidential election Philippines 1936 presidential no 1969 Philippine presidential election 1969 1986 Philippine presidential election 1986 80.9% (1.3pp) June 16, 1981 Ferdinand Marcos' official portrait during his second term (1969) (cropped).jpg Ferdinand Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 18,309,360 88.02% Rep. Alejo S. Santos (2nd Congress).jpg Alejo Santos Nacionalista Party 1,716,449 8.25% 300px Overall results by province 300px Marginal results by province President Ferdinand Marcos Ferdinand Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan Kilusang Bagong Lipunan yes June 1981 Philippine referendum Should there be barangay elections right after the presidential elections? Philippines June 16, 1981 3793322 16268523 21843829 Proposal carried The 1981 Philippine presidential election and national referendum was held on June 16, 1981. It was the first time an election was held in the Philippines, 12 years after the 1969 Philippine presidential election, the declaration of martial law on September 21, 1972 and under the 1973 constitution. Incumbent President Ferdinand E. Marcos of the Kilusang Bagong Lipunan (KBL) defeated retired general and World War II veteran Alejo Santos of the Nacionalista Party in a landslide victory. Most opposition parties boycotted the election as a sign of protest over the 1978 election for the Interim Batasang Pambansa (National Assembly), which they condemned as fraudulent. At the same time, a national referendum was held on the question in holding elections for barangay elections in 1982. Marcos' 80% margin of victory is the most lopsided Philippine presidential election ever, beating out Manuel L. Quezon's landslide victory of 82% in 1941. Marcos getting 88% of the vote is also the largest in Philippine presidential election history, also beating Quezon's 1941 record of 82%. This is also the most votes received by a person in the Philippines for a single-winner election until 2022 when Sara Duterte won 32 million votes; for multiple-winner elections, it was beaten by Mar Roxas in 2004 with 19 million votes. This was also the presidential election with the most number of candidates, with 13, although nine candidates with the fewest votes collectively just got 0.13% of the vote. Marcos would have served another six-year term ending in 1987, but it was cut short by the 1986 snap election that eventually resulted in his ouster in the People Power Revolution. This was the most recent presidential election where an incumbent President won re-election. Lifting of martial law On January 17, 1981, President Marcos announced the lifting of martial law via Proclamation No. 2045; in his address, he also inaugurated the "New Republic." Although martial law was ended, Marcos retained all presidential decrees, legislative powers and the suspension of the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus. The lifting of martial law was speculated to be due to the election of U.S. President Ronald Reagan, with whom Marcos wanted to have a close relationship, and who was to be inaugurated only three days later, and the arrival of Pope John Paul II in the country. In February, the Interim Batasang Pambansa (parliament) passed a constitutional amendment that changed the parliamentary system of government to a semi-presidential modeled on that of France. The electorate approved the amendment in a plebiscite held in April. Marcos then called for a presidential election to be scheduled in June.Celoza Albert Ferdinand Marcos and the Philippines: The Political Economy of Authoritarianism Praeger Publishers 1997 978-0-275-94137-6 73–76 Campaign The opposition, as early as April, had decided to boycott the election. The United Nationalist Democratic Organization (UNIDO), the main opposition umbrella group, wanted to clean the voters' list, a revamping of the Commission on Elections, a campaign to be held nationwide and that UNIDO accredited as a minority party. Marcos did not accept the demands which led UNIDO to call for a boycott. This caused for Marcos to be reportedly dismayed as he could not legitimize the election without a viable opposition candidate. UNIDO also refused to participate as Benigno Aquino Jr. (who was in exile in Massachusetts) was not allowed to participate since only people fifty years old or older were allowed to participate (Aquino was 48 years old at the time).Steinberg David Joel The Philippines: A Singular and a Plural Place Westview Press 2000 978-0-8133-3755-5 135 Marcos instructed Nacionalista Party president Jose Roy to find a token candidate to oppose him. The Nacionalista Party was then a moribund political entity because Marcos, who was elected twice before under its banner, had alternately lured and coerced the vast majority its members to his new Kilusang Bagong Lipunan. The Nacionalista Party chose former Defense Secretary and Bulacan governor Alejo Santos as their standard bearer. Santos, who was appointed by Marcos as chairman of the board of the Philippine Veterans Bank, had Francisco Tatad, Marcos' former information minister, as his campaign manager. The other main candidate was Bartolome Cabangbang of the Federal Party, whose platform was for the Philippines to become the 51st state of the United States. With UNIDO pressing for a boycott, the government issued a statement that abstention was a mortal sin; the Archbishop of Manila, Cardinal Jaime Sin responded that the people "were free to exercise their moral judgment whether to vote or not." Those who did not vote on the April plebiscite were issued summons to force them to vote. Results Presidential election Marcos won in every province and city canvassed by the Batasang Pambansa. Marcos' vote totals won't be surpassed until 2022, when his son Bongbong won the presidency. Marcos won overwhelmingly, but with people remembering the American colonial era and wanting a change from the martial law conditions, Cabangbang surprisingly got 4% of the vote. Popular vote #ddd 600px 410px Marcos Kilusang Bagong Lipunan 88.02 Santos Nacionalista Party 8.25 Others gray 3.73 Results by province and city Province/City Marcos Santos Cabangbang Manapaz Dajao Valdez Rimando Hingpit Morelos Igrobay Del Rosario Enage Tipanao Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes % Votes %Abra85,63399.583020.35530.0600.0010.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0010.0000.0000.00Agusan del Norte48,92062.0828,26435.871,4491.84300.04180.02220.0380.01680.0970.0100.0010.0050.0140.01Agusan del Sur115,08088.8612,1799.402,0741.60210.02250.02100.0150.00790.0660.0030.0040.00110.0130.00Aklan152,47998.591,8551.203010.1980.0100.00100.0100.0000.0000.0000.0020.0000.0000.00Albay182,60978.4446,49119.973,1221.34880.04920.041300.06350.02740.03370.02440.02430.02290.01110.00Angeles City49,42980.328,57413.933,3685.47270.04750.12120.02130.0260.01140.0230.0070.0160.0130.00Antique169,35999.406820.403300.1920.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00140.0100.0000.0000.00Aurora——————————————————————————Bacolod161,85599.414520.285040.3100.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Bago44,84599.501690.37580.1300.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Baguio59,33986.595,8368.523,0484.45310.05570.08380.061220.1890.01130.0280.01130.0250.0170.01Bais16,35785.807914.151,8959.9460.0350.0300.0000.0010.0130.0220.0120.0110.0100.00Basilan51,54486.605,8209.782,0813.50100.02150.03160.0350.0120.0070.0110.0070.0140.0190.02Bataan115,13386.6214,55910.951,6461.241,3761.04300.02820.06190.01100.01210.02160.01170.0160.0040.00Batanes——————————————————————————Batangas323,15886.8943,81111.784,4561.201260.03860.02840.02440.01320.01300.01310.01290.01120.0090.00Batangas City50,57689.464,8638.601,0161.80130.02120.02120.0260.0160.0170.01100.0280.0130.0140.01Benguet83,27783.1915,46415.451,1071.11300.03730.07480.05310.03100.01290.0390.0190.01150.0170.01Bohol276,40784.0918,6395.6733,51710.20390.01180.01330.0120.00110.00150.0040.0040.0070.0040.00Bukidnon165,23481.9515,9107.8919,8969.87750.041270.061530.08410.02340.02620.03100.00250.01370.02200.01Bulacan351,04275.37110,60723.753,8230.82870.02650.01170.00290.01100.00240.01270.0190.0080.00100.00Butuan39,31759.0225,31538.001,4552.18270.04250.04180.0340.014130.62290.0400.0020.0070.0110.00Cabanatuan58,54790.245,7128.806120.9430.0020.0000.0020.0000.0000.0010.0000.0000.0010.00Cadiz59,48899.621570.26720.1200.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Cagayan311,78397.278,1662.554670.15180.01360.01350.01150.0060.00110.0010.0040.0030.0020.00Cagayan de Oro70,17282.066,5937.718,4539.88410.05640.07790.09130.02310.04150.02110.01160.02150.02120.01Calbayog 38,48593.772,1295.193990.9760.0120.0000.0000.0000.0000.00210.0500.0020.0000.00Caloocan256,04893.9910,8133.975,4061.98420.02220.01210.01160.0120.00170.01160.01100.0040.0080.00Camarines Norte40,29357.1828,13639.931,7162.44960.14550.08650.09150.02140.02180.03120.02280.04130.02100.01Camarines Sur226,58272.2485,00227.101,7220.55550.021110.04530.02310.01130.00330.01130.00260.01170.01130.00Camiguin21,30890.951,3965.967012.9940.0220.0120.0100.0060.0320.0110.0000.0020.0130.01Canlaon10,24691.785284.733843.4440.0410.0100.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0010.0100.00Capiz230,03396.156,9002.882,3000.9600.0000.0020.0000.0000.0040.0000.0010.00120.0100.00Catanduanes46,48563.3326,87736.62280.0420.0010.0050.0100.0000.0010.0000.0000.0010.0000.00Cavite303,18799.162,1130.693860.1330.0080.0070.00100.0060.00160.0140.0040.0060.0040.00Cavite City38,82284.805,56712.161,3232.89110.02130.0370.02110.0200.0050.01100.0270.0220.0010.00Cebu503,90590.9123,9984.3326,1114.71960.02490.01390.01140.00230.00270.0080.00160.00120.0060.00Cebu City248,38586.3920,1907.0218,7746.5320.00940.03720.0300.0020.0000.0040.0000.0000.0010.00Cotabato City25,79583.374,20113.588002.5950.021090.35160.0560.0210.0020.0130.0110.0030.0100.00Dagupan36,72985.995,26212.326711.5750.0150.01280.0720.0000.0000.0030.0140.0110.0010.00Danao51,40899.71950.18530.1000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Dapitan19,52888.671,8288.306542.9750.0240.0200.0010.0000.0000.0010.0010.0000.0000.00Davao City112,83851.516,9703.1898,83545.12550.03940.04830.04450.02410.02260.01160.01240.01160.0190.00Davao del Norte158,52857.988,2343.01106,15138.83580.021240.05850.03610.02410.01450.02110.00340.01240.01100.00Davao del Sur103,43762.804,9092.9856,13534.08250.02590.04480.03160.01190.01210.0170.00240.0180.0080.00Davao Oriental87,29366.734,9783.8138,44429.39140.01310.02200.02100.0150.0060.0040.00110.0140.0010.00Dipolog22,06882.812,82510.601,6946.3690.03110.04290.1130.0110.0020.0110.0020.0110.0030.01Dumaguete21,12377.142,5329.253,62613.2490.03370.14200.0730.0170.0370.0350.0270.0320.0130.01Eastern Samar137,95896.034,2412.951,4591.0200.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00General Santos49,42581.503,9376.497,15811.80130.02270.04100.0280.01100.02150.02230.04100.0240.0140.01Gingoog23,93182.023,20010.971,9646.73310.11110.04110.0440.0180.0340.0150.0260.0210.0020.01Ifugao40,95093.472,6005.932330.5340.01100.0250.0130.0120.0020.0010.0020.0000.0010.00Iligan39,74272.1711,19120.323,8757.04380.07670.12570.10120.02140.03220.04110.02190.03160.0370.01Ilocos Norte174,932100.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Ilocos Sur225,76198.712,5331.114010.1810.0020.0000.0000.0020.0000.0000.0000.0020.0000.00Iloilo547,04096.8011,9072.116,1841.0900.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Iloilo City156,40790.8411,0476.424,7342.7500.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Iriga17,00462.0910,21137.281560.5730.0150.0220.0100.0020.0110.0000.0010.0010.0010.00Isabela423,36799.213,0890.722590.0600.0060.0010.0040.0010.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Kalinga-Apayao87,19695.863,4343.782480.27110.01200.02140.02100.0190.0130.0010.0030.00120.0130.00La Carlota31,874100.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00La Union227,31998.023,6961.598900.3800.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Laguna317,69986.9242,83311.724,9451.3530.0080.0070.0030.0020.0000.0030.0010.0040.0010.00Lanao del Norte103,90586.9411,7219.813,6173.03360.03540.05980.0860.01100.01250.0220.00120.01150.0190.01Lanao del Sur208,09297.624,7502.233130.1500.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Laoag39,14999.87300.08190.0500.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Lapu-Lapu City43,08194.939982.201,2792.8230.0180.0210.0010.0020.0020.0020.0010.0010.0010.00Las Piñas71,04592.185,6497.332860.37220.0310.00110.01150.0220.00250.0360.0170.0110.0010.00Legazpi36,28987.094,93211.843850.9280.02120.03160.0420.0020.0030.0140.01100.0220.0030.01Leyte516,24198.455,7681.102,3810.4500.0000.0000.0000.0020.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Lipa45,50988.364,8419.401,0842.10150.0390.02160.0380.0240.0130.0150.0140.0160.0120.00Lucena35,66681.637,02416.089422.16110.03150.0390.0230.0130.0130.0190.0240.0130.0110.00Maguindanao229,99295.459,6193.999060.38370.02530.02950.04320.01370.02580.02310.01320.01320.01240.01Makati282,76593.3512,6544.186,6522.201660.051950.06570.02650.02810.03500.02800.03400.011000.03100.00Malabon123,39297.831,7661.409700.7700.0000.0000.0000.0010.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Mandaluyong114,71988.6910,4118.054,1713.22120.0160.0070.0180.0100.0050.0000.0040.0030.0020.00Mandaue40,84584.562,2004.555,20710.78110.02110.0280.0240.01110.0220.0020.0020.0010.0000.00Manila687,02486.1578,1969.8129,2113.661,1160.145060.063720.052190.031260.021340.022490.031020.011160.01580.01Marawi25,08288.003,22511.311830.6420.0100.0010.0010.0000.0060.0210.0000.0010.0000.00Marikina74,10773.2113,35713.1913,68813.52220.02240.0240.00130.0120.0000.0070.0120.0030.0000.00Marinduque69,07891.495,7157.575000.66260.031020.14280.0490.0120.00290.0430.0080.0140.0120.00Masbate182,23490.8016,3188.131,9500.97910.05230.01230.01130.0130.00190.0120.00100.0090.0010.00Misamis Occidental66,33881.598,85910.905,8207.16740.09850.10540.07120.01100.01210.0350.01140.0290.0130.00Misamis Oriental118,10285.0812,0608.698,2875.97950.07910.07650.05250.02450.03130.0160.00120.01120.0180.01Mountain Province33,41391.142,8227.703120.85230.06190.0530.01160.04200.0560.0270.02100.0360.0230.01Muntinlupa76,92795.762,6573.317340.9150.0160.0100.0000.0010.0000.0050.0100.0020.0000.00Naga28,62280.706,37817.983851.0990.03280.08100.0360.0240.0120.0160.0260.0220.0170.02Navotas71,07194.833,5004.673090.41270.0400.0040.0130.0050.01100.0120.00100.0120.0000.00Negros Occidental527,33099.521,2990.251,2390.2300.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Negros Oriental202,62283.6115,2706.3024,1669.97810.03670.03470.02120.00120.00290.0150.00190.01110.0020.00North Cotabato127,70072.3441,33923.427,0904.02440.02590.031200.07390.02290.02500.0390.01240.01170.01190.01Northern Samar148,55291.3312,8517.901,1760.72150.01100.01200.0140.0090.01100.0120.0040.0050.0000.00Nueva Ecija328,44091.5528,8128.031,3750.38280.01260.01370.0130.0020.0050.0070.0070.0060.0010.00Nueva Vizcaya97,22288.8311,07410.129190.84430.04330.03860.08270.0240.0090.0160.0150.00140.0120.00Occidental Mindoro72,32590.157,2819.085330.66170.02130.02200.02130.0210.00150.0270.0120.0010.0010.00Olongapo67,07289.266,4358.561,5642.08160.02100.0190.0160.0140.0170.01130.0230.0020.0010.00Oriental Mindoro154,29591.5413,1897.831,0530.6210.0060.0010.0000.0010.0000.0000.0000.0010.0000.00Ormoc48,45598.047001.422690.5400.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Oroquieta11,45769.692,52215.342,33714.21180.11550.33170.1060.0460.04100.0610.0130.0250.0340.02Ozamiz21,08081.752,76710.731,8367.12160.06290.11180.0780.03100.0460.0210.0090.0350.0210.00Pagadian20,56482.103,35613.401,0594.23100.04180.07210.0810.0040.0250.0230.0150.0220.0110.00Palawan83,64685.9312,79013.147660.79230.02230.02400.0470.0130.00150.0260.0170.01100.0110.00Palayan9,68597.062562.57340.3400.0000.0000.0030.0300.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Pampanga340,49390.6828,4727.586,1731.641360.04480.01400.01260.01120.00260.01300.01100.00160.0060.00Pangasinan574,28589.6261,9659.674,0670.63650.01440.012630.04310.0050.00200.00190.00350.0150.0050.00Parañaque124,78293.238,4496.316090.4600.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Pasay134,85690.359,3186.244,8603.26670.04450.03200.01200.0180.01140.01230.0250.00110.0180.01Pasig159,57791.5511,7676.752,7051.55580.03580.03300.02310.0260.00220.01240.01160.0150.0060.00Pateros22,87793.061,3425.463351.3660.0250.0200.00130.0500.0010.0010.0000.0000.0020.01Puerto Princesa22,55689.492,4819.841570.6240.0230.0110.0000.0010.0010.0000.0010.0000.0000.00Quezon231,83168.01104,76630.733,7121.091140.031080.031160.03420.01300.01540.02310.01390.01370.01140.00Quezon City580,82189.3348,1677.4119,3582.984600.073670.062160.032340.04740.01640.011950.03640.01970.01640.01Quirino37,00594.961,9184.92380.1030.0110.0030.0100.0000.0020.0100.0000.0010.0000.00Rizal201,69486.4726,81411.504,3291.86930.04640.03420.02380.021130.05140.01270.01140.01120.0170.00Romblon67,72194.443,4634.834730.6680.01220.0340.0110.0030.0030.0030.0020.0040.0110.00Roxas City42,02090.842,9746.431,2632.7300.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Samar164,56698.591,6110.977360.4400.0010.0000.0000.0020.0010.0030.0010.0010.0000.00San Carlos, Negros Occidental25,47084.802,6368.781,8446.14130.04100.03520.1700.0010.0010.0010.0040.0110.0020.01San Carlos, Pangasinan35,88791.173,2618.281660.42120.0320.01130.0300.0040.0180.0230.0150.0100.0020.01San Jose26,14588.243,24610.962250.7620.0130.0140.0100.0010.0000.0010.0010.0000.0000.00San Juan63,18986.656,4768.883,0574.19730.10480.07150.02190.0360.0160.01140.02100.0180.0170.01San Pablo47,56882.058,95015.441,3412.31200.03340.06210.0460.0150.0190.0250.0160.0130.0140.01Silay37,89599.521440.38370.1000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Siquijor27,93589.512,0066.431,2474.0070.0240.0120.0110.0010.0010.0010.0010.0030.0100.00Sorsogon129,83073.4245,43225.691,1940.68400.02800.05560.03190.01140.01450.03110.01150.01870.0540.00South Cotabato153,45475.4639,54919.4510,1424.99260.01460.02220.01280.0150.00330.0260.00220.01160.0180.00Southern Leyte142,98996.383,1752.142,2001.4800.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Sultan Kudarat89,56485.7013,68013.091,1471.10160.02170.02500.0530.0040.00120.0160.0160.0120.0020.00Sulu125,97696.693,7482.883820.29190.01300.02220.02120.01170.01240.02100.01150.01180.01130.01Surigao City26,38884.622,7678.871,9656.30170.05120.0480.0330.01110.0470.0220.0130.0110.0000.00Surigao del Norte104,64487.289,5107.935,6324.70280.02300.0350.0090.0180.0170.0150.0050.00110.0120.00Surigao del Sur92,66373.5520,77116.4912,1089.61840.07670.05690.05330.03360.03620.05150.01380.03320.03100.01Tacloban58,61498.277031.183300.5500.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Tagaytay8,18198.161381.66150.1800.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Tagbilaran City15,30080.628224.332,81814.8590.05120.0630.0230.0260.0310.0120.0110.0110.0110.01Taguig45,03786.905,70511.011,0171.96200.0490.02190.0450.0120.0030.0150.0140.0110.0010.00Tangub13,97396.813102.151441.0010.0120.0120.0100.0000.0000.0000.0020.0100.0000.00Tarlac294,75097.127,4272.451,2360.41280.01180.0170.0040.0020.0050.0020.0010.0050.0000.00Tawi-Tawi33,331100.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Toledo31,35484.802,1215.743,4559.34180.0520.0180.0200.0050.0110.0000.0020.0180.0200.00Trece Martires5,236100.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.0000.00Valenzuela73,32083.5212,45814.191,8602.12510.06230.03180.02150.0270.01100.01120.01100.0150.0120.00Zambales124,60996.623,7592.915150.4030.0060.0050.0040.0020.0030.00630.0510.0000.0000.00Zamboanga City78,49583.3113,26414.082,1912.33360.04670.07560.06170.02110.01360.04110.01140.01110.0180.01Zamboanga del Norte97,14188.748,3677.643,8883.55160.01140.01100.0120.0060.0180.0140.0070.0130.0020.00Zamboanga del Sur207,31180.7936,15314.0912,2584.781490.062420.091960.08630.02460.02500.02140.01510.02260.01320.01Total18,309,36088.021,716,4498.25749,8453.606,4990.034,9550.024,2240.021,9540.011,9450.011,7400.011,4210.011,2340.011,1850.015920.00Source: Commission on Electionshttps://books.google.com/books?id=xJWJAAAAMAAJ Report of the Commission on Elections to the President of the Philippines, the Prime Minister, and the Batasang Pambansa on the Manner the Election of President of the Philippines was Held on June 16, 1981 Bureau of Print 1981 Manila 166–179 en Referendum on holding barangay elections Like the presidential election, the measure was carried by overwhelming margins, but notably a large majority in Muntinlupa and a smaller majority in Marawi rejected the measure; it was otherwise carried other places canvassed by the Batasang Pambansa. Summary Do you want to have a barangay election immediately after the presidential election? 16268523 20061845 3793322 26986451 1781984 Yes No Proclamation No. 2094, s. 1981 1981 Philippine barangay referendum Yes 16,268,523 #fff green No 3,793,322 #fff red By province/city Province/CityYes%No%TotalAbra75,34888.40%9,88911.60%85,237Agusan del Norte71,80383.74%13,94616.26%85,749Agusan del Sur75,72082.04%16,57117.96%92,291Aklan104,43678.24%29,03821.76%133,474Albay209,95882.85%43,45217.15%253,410Angeles City54,05485.70%9,01614.30%63,070Antique113,33371.22%45,79628.78%159,129Aurora27,96174.78%9,42825.22%37,389Bacolod City103,86982.06%22,70817.94%126,577Bago29,83574.49%10,21825.51%40,053Baguio49,44885.40%8,45514.60%57,903Bais15,81981.47%3,59918.53%19,418Basilan45,75877.82%13,04222.18%58,800Bataan115,71785.37%19,82414.63%135,541Batanes3,66087.60%51812.40%4,178Batangas307,99075.73%98,69524.27%406,685Batangas City46,36879.37%12,05220.63%58,420Benguet78,24277.45%22,78722.55%101,029Bohol284,57184.05%53,98415.95%338,555Bukidnon162,05481.27%37,33918.73%199,393Bulacan385,51884.68%69,76615.32%455,284Butuan57,12886.41%8,98313.59%66,111Cabanatuan49,21589.44%5,81010.56%55,025Cadiz51,27185.92%8,40014.08%59,671Cagayan241,41074.10%84,36625.90%325,776Cagayan de Oro79,99284.71%14,43315.29%94,425Calbayog35,52786.16%5,70913.84%41,236Caloocan173,16584.54%31,66015.46%204,825Camarines Norte66,33879.00%17,63221.00%83,970Camarines Sur258,50676.90%77,63223.10%336,138Camiguin21,54887.64%3,03912.36%24,587Canlaon9,33283.66%1,82316.34%11,155Capiz112,71469.95%48,41830.05%161,132Catanduanes61,97385.76%10,28714.24%72,260Cavite181,27664.31%100,60235.69%281,878Cavite City39,33486.58%6,09913.42%45,433Cebu451,19280.68%108,04919.32%559,241Cebu City270,57594.23%16,5535.77%287,128Cotabato City23,47684.27%4,38315.73%27,859Dagupan38,44389.60%4,46410.40%42,907Danao49,35696.26%1,9163.74%51,272Dapitan18,29782.06%3,99917.94%22,296Davao City128,02879.34%33,33520.66%161,363Davao del Norte211,33376.55%64,75423.45%276,087Davao del Sur126,69179.49%32,69620.51%159,387Davao Oriental100,17582.27%21,58417.73%121,759Dipolog20,04071.35%8,04828.65%28,088Dumaguete23,86081.56%5,39518.44%29,255Eastern Samar142,19998.98%1,4591.02%143,658General Santos48,54477.55%14,05222.45%62,596Gingoog26,02583.29%5,22316.71%31,248Ifugao26,40569.69%11,48230.31%37,887Iligan City51,06784.64%9,26415.36%60,331Ilocos Norte155,51589.64%17,98010.36%173,495Ilocos Sur196,97985.92%32,27614.08%229,255Iloilo406,91876.04%128,21323.96%535,131Iloilo City118,39772.28%45,41227.72%163,809Iriga City23,76586.49%3,71113.51%27,476Isabela341,11588.91%42,56911.09%383,684Kalinga-Apayao63,30169.58%27,67330.42%90,974La Carlota City27,26787.84%3,77612.16%31,043La Union230,51684.17%43,34915.83%273,865Laguna227,92878.84%61,18021.16%289,108Lanao del Norte85,85377.32%25,17622.68%111,029Lanao del Sur134,46665.12%72,03934.88%206,505Laoag City35,16090.63%3,6339.37%38,793Lapu-Lapu City38,39484.70%6,93815.30%45,332Las Piñas46,09884.20%8,64915.80%54,747Legazpi City36,15682.61%7,61017.39%43,766Leyte484,53893.11%35,8536.89%520,391Lipa City44,22684.84%7,90015.16%52,126Lucena City37,42783.35%7,47516.65%44,902Maguindanao163,07672.99%60,34227.01%223,418Makati84,15070.23%35,67429.77%119,824Malabon94,27784.71%17,01415.29%111,291Mandaluyong72,82668.39%33,65731.61%106,483Mandaue City43,30085.38%7,41614.62%50,716Manila699,43285.24%121,15814.76%820,590Marawi City11,60046.90%13,13453.10%24,734Marikina74,56986.13%12,00913.87%86,578Marinduque66,40684.57%12,11715.43%78,523Masbate171,99185.36%29,50314.64%201,494Misamis Occidental75,35282.15%16,36917.85%91,721Misamis Oriental124,98783.21%25,22316.79%150,210Mountain Province28,74183.68%5,60616.32%34,347Muntinlupa14,53218.55%63,80581.45%78,337Naga City32,03985.12%5,60214.88%37,641Navotas45,63790.08%5,0279.92%50,664Negros Occidental318,63476.85%96,00823.15%414,642Negros Oriental207,90983.56%40,90816.44%248,817North Cotabato195,22081.38%44,66218.62%239,882Northern Samar110,53184.60%20,11415.40%130,645Nueva Ecija269,07880.77%64,07719.23%333,155Nueva Vizcaya91,96578.84%24,68221.16%116,647Occidental Mindoro52,80485.44%8,99514.56%61,799Olongapo City61,50677.15%18,21722.85%79,723Oriental Mindoro145,22185.92%23,79114.08%169,012Ormoc City48,33098.45%7611.55%49,091Oroquieta City16,18682.10%3,52917.90%19,715Ozamiz City25,35578.45%6,96521.55%32,320Pagadian City22,53880.91%5,31919.09%27,857Palawan82,00383.90%15,73516.10%97,738Palayan City8,18182.11%1,78217.89%9,963Pampanga280,74180.34%68,71419.66%349,455Pangasinan569,88388.90%71,13211.10%641,015Parañaque108,21685.18%18,82514.82%127,041Pasay City116,42877.37%34,06222.63%150,490Pasig85,51084.65%15,50815.35%101,018Pateros16,70481.48%3,79618.52%20,500Puerto Princesa City22,40787.79%3,11512.21%25,522Quezon278,70681.56%62,99618.44%341,702Quezon City468,82173.93%165,34926.07%634,170Quirino30,77279.93%7,72820.07%38,500Rizal198,94588.60%25,59611.40%224,541Romblon62,99385.01%11,10414.99%74,097Roxas City26,08580.90%6,15919.10%32,244Samar98,33482.55%20,79217.45%119,126San Carlos City, Negros Occidental25,41586.75%3,88213.25%29,297San Carlos City, Pangasinan32,42681.56%7,32918.44%39,755San Jose City27,46490.88%2,7569.12%30,220San Juan59,50080.27%14,62119.73%74,121San Pablo City49,87981.98%10,96418.02%60,843Silay City28,47377.17%8,42222.83%36,895Siquijor26,80781.42%6,11818.58%32,925Sorsogon154,60385.27%26,70814.73%181,311South Cotabato147,86072.48%56,14827.52%204,008Southern Leyte145,18997.86%3,1752.14%148,364Sultan Kudarat86,58585.83%14,29014.17%100,875Sulu95,31174.88%31,98025.12%127,291Surigao City28,01587.67%3,94112.33%31,956Surigao del Norte110,18388.29%14,60811.71%124,791Surigao del Sur104,78781.39%23,96718.61%128,754Tacloban City58,94599.01%5900.99%59,535Tagaytay City5,23163.78%2,97036.22%8,201Tagbilaran City15,03476.31%4,66623.69%19,700Taguig45,21486.71%6,93013.29%52,144Tangub City10,43371.00%4,26129.00%14,694Tarlac233,14493.37%16,5486.63%249,692Tawi-Tawi45,61077.01%13,61622.99%59,226Toledo City27,48671.87%10,75928.13%38,245Trece Martires City3,21861.42%2,02138.58%5,239Valenzuela53,33783.95%10,19816.05%63,535Zambales111,47087.07%16,54812.93%128,018Zamboanga City73,89678.86%19,81221.14%93,708Zamboanga del Norte91,49081.79%20,36518.21%111,855Zamboanga del Sur208,75179.81%52,80420.19%261,555Total16,268,52381.55%3,793,32218.45%19,886,751Source: Commission on Electionshttps://books.google.com/books?id=xJWJAAAAMAAJ Report of the Commission on Elections to the President of the Philippines, the Prime Minister, and the Batasang Pambansa on the Manner the Election of President of the Philippines was Held on June 16, 1981 Bureau of Print 1981 Manila 180–195 en Aftermath People Power Revolution Marcos was inaugurated on June 30, 1981, at the Quirino Grandstand, with then-United States Vice President George H. W. Bush in attendance. This is when Bush made the infamous praise for Marcos: "We love your adherence to democratic principles and to the democratic process."Russell George February 3, 1986 A Test for Democracy http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960545-4,00.html dead https://web.archive.org/web/20080304202331/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,960545-4,00.html March 4, 2008 TIME Barangay elections were indeed held on May 17, 1982. On August 21, 1983, Senator Aquino returned from exile in the United States, but was assassinated at Manila International Airport. Growing unrest followed, and Marcos was forced to call the snap election of 1986, where UNIDO and Partido Demokratiko Pilipino–Lakas ng Bayan (PDP–Laban) participated and nominated Aquino's widow Corazon Aquino as their presidential nominee. Marcos claimed victory over Aquino despite reports of massive cheating, but he was removed from power a few hours after his oath-taking on February 25, 1986. See also Commission on Elections Politics of the Philippines Philippine elections President of the Philippines References External links The Philippine Presidency Project Official website of the Commission on Elections Category:1981 elections in the Philippines Category:1981 referendums Category:Referendums in the Philippines 1981 Category:Ferdinand Marcos