1867 San Narciso hurricane

Category 3 Atlantic hurricane in 1867 San Narciso hurricane Harper's weekly (1867) (14596888807) (cropped).jpg Wrecks in the Harbor of Saint Thomas October 27, 1867 October 31, 1867 110 952 1867 >811 1000000 Virgin Islands, Puerto Rico, Hispaniola 1867 Atlantic hurricane season The San Narciso Hurricane was a record-breaking, extremely deadly Atlantic hurricane that caused devastation to the British Virgin Islands and Puerto Rico in 1867. Forming abnormally late for a Lesser Antilles hurricane, it went on to be the costliest and deadliest storm of the 1867 Atlantic hurricane season. It is the only hurricane in the official database to have struck Puerto Rico after September,The Atlantic database called "HURDAT" begins in 1851. Since 1500, 3 potential October landfalls occurred in 1526, 1766, and 1780 respectively; all earlier into their seasons. "note" doing so over a month later than the next latest hurricane.Hurricanes and Tropical Storms in Puerto Rico from 1500 to 1899 http://huracanado1.tripod.com/history.html 1 May 2023 12 December 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20131212210120/http://huracanado1.tripod.com/history.html dead The storm is infamous for striking just 20 days prior to the devastating 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami in the same region. In a 2014 analysis, climate historian Michael Chenoweth suggested that the storm reached Category 4 intensity.Chenoweth, Michael December 2014 A New Compilation of North Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, 1851–98 https://journals.ametsoc.org/view/journals/clim/27/23/jcli-d-13-00771.1.xml?tab_body=supplementary-materials Journal of Climate American Meteorological Society 27 12 2014JCli...27.8674C 10.1175/JCLI-D-13-00771.1 free March 4, 2024 subscription In total, it caused at least 811 deaths in Saint Thomas (Danish West Indies) and Captaincy General of Puerto Rico and around $1 million (1867 USD) in damage. Meteorological history Nine 1867 path.png newOn October 27, the storm developed northeast of the Lesser Antilles unusually late into the season, in which the mail steamer Principe Alfonso skillfully avoided the storm. This tropical storm continued westward before intensifying to a hurricane the next day. It then reached category 3 status on October 29, before striking Sombrero, Anguilla near or at peak intensity. After 8 am local, a barometric pressure of 28.65 inHg accompanied by a half-hour calm occurred. The wind then shifted to a violent easterly until 11 am and then diminished through 1 pm. The hurricane reached its peak intensity of 125 mph km/h at 1200 UTC near the island. From 1:30 pm to 2:00 pm local, the eye passed over Sankt Thomas, Danish West Indies.Frank Mújica-Baker Huracanes y tormentas que han afectado a Puerto Rico Estado Libre Asociado de Puerto Rico, Agencia Estatal para el Manejo de Emergencias y Administración de Desastres http://www.gobierno.pr/NR/rdonlyres/49EA64D0-305B-4881-8B85-04B518004BD5/0/Ciclones_en_PR.pdf 9–10 October 12, 2018 September 24, 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150924022947/http://www.gobierno.pr/NR/rdonlyres/49EA64D0-305B-4881-8B85-04B518004BD5/0/Ciclones_en_PR.pdf dead The hurricane made landfall on Puerto Rico late during the day on October 29th; less than three days from November. Despite its small size, it ranks among the most intense hurricanes recorded on the island. It passed near the city of Fajardo between 5 pm and 6 pm local, and later passed near Caguas. People sensed tremors in the towns of Humacao, Luquillo, and Peñuelas. The storm affected every town on the island of Puerto Rico. It then struck the island of Hispaniola as a hurricane, and then dissipated over the high mountains on October 30th. Impact thumb|A 2003 photograph of the wreck of RMS Rhone. Only 25 of the approximately 145 people survived after it was wrecked by the storm.Martelli Joan The Law of Storms 2017 82–120 List of shipwrecks in October 1867 At least 811 deaths occurred in total as a result of the hurricane, 600 on Saint Thomas (Danish West Indies - now Saint Thomas, the United States Virgin Islands) and 211 on Puerto Rico. On Saint Barthélemy, the cyclone destroyed crops and 55 homes while severely damaging 60 others.Cyclone tropical n° 9 1867 – Passage sur les Petites Antilles le 29 octobre https://atlas.amicale-des-ouragans.org/1851_1949/dossiers/AL091867/1867_AL09_CR_ado.pdf Mazurie, Roland June 2021 Borel, François Huc, Jean-Claude Atlas des cyclones des Antilles françaises FR February 2, 2025 On Tortola (British Virgin Islands), the storm reached its peak fury from noon to 2 pm and blew down one-third of the "miserable tenements". Deaths numbered 22 at Road Town, 2 on Peter Island, and 2 on Westland (now Soper's Hole). A letter from the Colonial Secretary of the Virgin Islands described Road Town as "two thirds ... in total ruin.", including the demolition of all places of worship, the schoolhouse, the hospital, and the jail. The hurricane destroyed nearly all crops on Tortola, while many residents were left without food or shelter, with 60 out of 123 residences wrecked.https://stjohnsource.com/2013/10/29/oct-29-marks-anniversary-2-unforgettable-hurricanes/ Oct. 29 Marks Anniversary of 2 Unforgettable Hurricanes October 29, 2013 Virgin Islands Source Christiansted, United States Virgin Islands May 31, 2025 Only three homes remained standing on Peter Island. Approximately 100 homes were destroyed on Virgin Gorda and 26 others on Jost Van Dyke.https://www.bvibeacon.com/writer-chronicles-the-hurricane-of-oct-1867/ Writer chronicles the hurricane of Oct. 1867 Moll, Peter October 26, 2016 BVI Beacon Road Town, Tortola May 31, 2025 The hurricane drove ashore or otherwise wrecked 80 ships on Saint Thomas,Marshall Logan Sinking of the Titanic and Great Disasters of the Sea 1912 including the Rhone where a barometric pressure reading of 965 mbar inHg on on and winds of 74 mph km/h on occurred. One ship that capsized, the steamer Columbian, held approximately $1 million to $2 million worth of cargo, while six of its occupants were lost. On land, the hurricane rendered thousands of people homeless.https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-evening-telegraph/173570765/ The Hurricane at St. Thomas 1 November 11, 1867 The Evening Telegraph Philadelphia, Pennsylvania May 31, 2025 Newspapers.com A correspondent to the St. Croix Avis described Charlotte Amalie as "frightful to look at", with "scarcely one building, whether old or new, left uncovered and many ... reduced to atoms." Roughly 600 people drowned throughout Saint Thomas. All but one of the Puerto Rico's 67 towns were affected.Colón, José Notes on the Tropical Cyclones of Puerto Rico, 1508–1970 1970 http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/data_sub/perez_11_20.pdf September 27, 2012 Orlando Pérez 17 National Weather Service Pre-printed A study led by Emery R. Boose, published by Ecological Monographs in 2004 indicated the hurricane produced damage equivalent to an F1 tornado on the Fujita scale in the eastern and central parts of the island.https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/hurdat/metadata_master.html#1867_9 May 2015 Documentation of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Changes in HURDAT Landsea, Christopher W. Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration February 19, 2025 Miami, Florida etalLandscape and Regional Impacts of Hurricanes in Puerto Rico May 2004 74 10.1890/02-4057 2 Boose, Emery R. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/7632/47802f778a053698388872411912bf8f7d27.pdf Serrano, Mayra I. Foster, David R. Ecological Monographs 344 February 19, 2025 At San Juan, the storm wrecked the vessels Carmen, Josefina, and Rita and damaged many other ships, such as the Apolo, Fe, Joaquin, and Mary.Fernández-Partagás José Diaz Henry F. A Reconstruction of Historical Tropical Cyclone Frequency in the Atlantic from Documentary and other Historical Sources (part 1) https://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/Partagas/1865-1870/1867.pdf Climate Diagnostics Center, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Boulder, Colorado 1997 February 2, 202543 Some towns experienced the destruction of or severe damage to every building and home, including at Aguas Buenas, Fajardo, and Humacao, while a correspondent to the New York Daily News described Maunabo as "a heap of ruins and the crops are all destroyed". New reports estimated that throughout the island, "one thousand houses have been laid in ruin and three thousand have been severely damaged"., sometimes including all dwellings on an entire street, "leaving the roadway hidden by the ruins".https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-philadelphia-inquirer/166146135/ From Cuba By Cable November 18, 1867 1 The Philadelphia Inquirer February 19, 2025 Newspapers.com More than 3,600 families became destitute. The hurricane ruined agriculture of the island, with reportedly a loss of all coffee and sugar crops,https://www.newspapers.com/article/chicago-tribune/164432919/ 2 The Hurricane in the West Indies November 25, 1867 The Chicago Tribune February 1, 2025 Newspapers.com causing a great economic crisis. Tierra huracanada http://www.cienciapr.org/news_view.php?id=672 July 4, 2007 August 31, 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20110723234534/http://www.cienciapr.org/news_view.php?id=672 July 23, 2011 Overall, 211 deaths and about 13 million Spanish escudos in damage occurred on Puerto Rico. The hurricane and various other factors contributed to the discontent on the island that erupted into the Grito de Lares of 1868. It almost destroyed the city of Santo Domingo de Guzmán, Dominican Republic, where 200 persons died on that day.44 Winds and heavy rains removed thatch roofs of dwellings on some streets, leaving thousands of people homeless. Many trees also fell, blocking roads to the interior of the country. The government of the Dominican Republic allocated $25,000 for people impacted by the storm, but a New York Evening Post correspondent described this amount of monetary aid as "but a drop, and government and people are now poor alike".https://www.newspapers.com/article/the-charleston-daily-news/166147140/ The St. Domingo Hurricane December 12, 1867 The Charleston Daily News February 19, 2025 Newspapers.com Name Calendar of saints#Connection to tropical cyclonesThe hurricane was given the name of the date it struck Puerto Rico, which occurred on October 29—the memorial day of Saint Narcissus of Jerusalem. This was a common practice prior to the introduction of standardized hurricane names in 1950. Other examples are the 1825 Santa Ana hurricane that made landfall on the Roman Catholic day of honor to Saint Anne, & the much similar 1932 San Ciprián hurricane that occurred on the feast day of Saint Cyprian.Beverly James R. July 1, 1933 Thirty-Third Annual Report of the Governor of Puerto Rico 1933 (Excerpts) http://newdeal.feri.org/pr/pr12.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20010707074924/http://newdeal.feri.org/pr/pr12.htm July 7, 2001 April 8, 2020 Puerto Rico in the Great Depression Government of Puerto Rico Hurricane of 1932 Franklin and Eleanor Roosevelt Institute San Juan, Puerto Rico See also Tropical cyclones Puerto Rico List of Atlantic hurricanes List of Puerto Rico hurricanes 1867 Virgin Islands earthquake and tsunami – Devastating event that struck the same region 20 days later 1932 San Ciprián hurricane – A near identical hurricane and runner-up in many of the storm's climatology record. Hurricane Maria – A more recent and intense hurricane that caused a humanitarian crisis in Puerto Rico. Notes References Category:1860s Atlantic hurricane seasons Category:Category 3 Atlantic hurricanes Category:Hurricanes in Puerto Rico Category:1867 in Puerto Rico Category:October 1867 in North America Category:1867 natural disasters Category:Meteorological events in 1867 Category:1867 disasters in North America Category:1860s disasters in Denmark