1912 Acambay earthquake

Earthquake in Mexico 1912 Acambay earthquake 07:55 19.83 N 99.92 W region:PE_type:event inline,title Mexico 1912-11-19 13:55:03 16958218 iscgem16958218 19 November 1912 15 km 6.7 w yes Normal 11 60 140–1,200 killed Mexico The 1912 Acambay earthquake affected central Mexico on 19 November at 07:55 local time (UTC−06:00). It had a moment magnitude of 6.7 w and an epicenter in the Acambay graben, 100 km northwest of Mexico City. Damage was severe in Acambay and several nearby villages, and the casualty toll ranged between 140 and 1,200. There was also significant damage in Mexico City and one fatality. The earthquake occurred along three fault zones that bound the Acambay graben, an extensional tectonic feature located within the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt. Surface ruptures were observed on these fault zones. Tectonic setting The Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt (TMVB) spans across central Mexico, from near the Pacific coast to the Gulf of Mexico, for more than 1,000 km. The volcanic activity is related to subduction of the Cocos and Rivera plates beneath the North American plate. Beneath North America, these plates subduct into the mantle, causing it to partially melt. The melted mantle material rises through the North American plate, forming volcanoes on the surface. Within the TMVB, active extensional tectonics is ongoing, particularly prominent west of the 100°W latitude. The cause of this extension may be caused by the North American plate reaching a state of isostatic equilibrium because of the large load exerted by the TMVB.Ferrari Luca Orozco-Esquivel Teresa Manea Vlad Manea Marina The dynamic history of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt and the Mexico subduction zone Tectonophysics 2012 522–523 122–149 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.09.018 Within the central part of the TMVB, east–west trending normal faults can produce earthquakes. Some of these faults form escarpments visible for 60 km. The overlying Holocene alluvium and Quaternary cinder cones have shown displacements caused by these faults.Gerardo Suárez Gema V. Caballero‐Jiménez David A. Novelo‐Casanova 30 August 2019 Active Crustal Deformation in the Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt as Evidenced by Historical Earthquakes During the Last 450 Years Tectonics 38 10 3544–3562 10.1029/2019TC005601 2019Tecto..38.3544S 202923598 John Wiley & Sons free Earthquake 250px|thumb|left|The town of Detiña is at the graben's northern boundary The earthquake, with a magnitude of w 6.7, struck on 19 November at 07:55 local time (UTC−06:00).ISC-GEM Global Instrumental Earthquake Catalogue (1900–2009) http://www.isc.ac.uk/iscgem/overview.php 27 June 2022 International Seismological Centre Version 9.1 It occurred with an epicenter near the southern Acambay graben in the central region of the TMVB. This graben, located 100 km northwest of Mexico City,1996 Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America Macroseismic Study of Shallow Earthquakes in the Central and Eastern Parts of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, Mexico 10.1785/BSSA0860061952 86 6 1952–1963 M. Suter M. Carrillo-Martfnez O. Quintero-Legorreta 1996BuSSA..86.1952S 132743263 measures 40 km long and 15 km across. A maximum Modified Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme) was observed at several locations within the graben. The graben features three faults; the Acambay–Tixmadejé and Pastores faults which forms its northern and southern boundary, and a central fault inside the structure. The Acambay–Tixmadejé Fault is a 42 km-long normal fault that dips at 60–70° southwards. The Pastores Fault extends 27 km and at the surface, exhibits 110–150 m tall scarps. The intragraben fault zone stretches across the Temascalcingo volcano featuring multiple strands that rupture through the volcano.Langridge Robert Max Weldon II Ray J. Moya Juan Carlos Suárez Gerardo Paleoseismology of the 1912 Acambay earthquake and the Acambay‐Tixmadejé fault, Trans‐Mexican Volcanic Belt Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth 2000 105 B2 3019–3037 10.1029/1999JB900239 Surface ruptures were observed along these fault zones. The Acambay-Tixmadejé Fault produced a 41 km-long surface rupture, starting west at San José Solís, passing 1 km north of Acambay, and terminating near the Huapango reservoir. The largest vertical displacement, 50 cm, occurred near Tixmadejé village, about midpoint along the rupture between Acambay and San José Solís. East of the reservoir, a northwest–southeast trending rupture, likely an extension of the Acambay–Tixmadejé Fault, extends for 2 km with vertical displacements of 12–20 cm. On the Pastores Fault, a 17 km rupture trending east–west occurred between Santiago Coachochitlán and Mayé el Fresno. Within the graben, three parallel ruptures were recorded near Temascalcingo, corresponding to the intragraben fault zone, with the longest extending 20 km.Suter Max Quintero-Legorreta Odranoel López-Martinez Margarita Aguirre-Díaz Gerardo Farrar Edward The Acambay graben: Active intraarc extension in the trans-Mexican volcanic belt, Mexico Tectonics 1995 14 6 1245–1262 10.1029/95TC01930 Sixty aftershocks were recorded between 19 November 1912 and 15 April 1913.Sismos Históricos: Sismo de 1912 en Acambay, Edo. de Mex. (M~6.9) Sismos Históricos: Sismo de 1912 en Acambay, Edo. de Mex. (M~6.9) es http://www.ssn.unam.mx/sismicidad/reportes-especiales/1912/SSNMX_rep_his_19121119_acambay_M69.pdf 4 December 2024 report National Seismological Service Impact The number of casualties varied across newspaper reports. According to the Mexican government, citing El Imparcial on 21 November, at least 140 people died.A 108 años del sismo de Acambay 108 years after the Acambay earthquake es https://www.gob.mx/cenapred/es/articulos/a-108-anos-del-sismo-de-acambay Gobierno de México 4 December 2024 19 November 2020 Citing the Mexican interior secretariat, Meriden Daily Journal reported on 22 November that over 1,200 people were killed.1,200 were killed by earthquake https://books.google.com/books?id=HftIAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=3494,5600661&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLq_7zxY6KAxVhIDQIHcs6EWI4ChDoAXoECAcQAg#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 4 December 2024 The Meriden Daily Journal 22 November 1912 7 An additional nine deaths was reported in Temaxculcingo, three in Atlacomulco and one in Eloro.Whole Mexican town destroyed by earthquake https://books.google.com/books?id=i75jAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA7&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=1164,2643755&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwias66HsI2KAxWJHjQIHYRBKu0Q6AF6BAgHEAI#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 4 December 2024 Calgary Daily Herald 22 November 1912 7 3247 Many of the dead were never recovered from the rubble and their decomposing bodies attracted pests.Thousands dead in earthquake https://books.google.com/books?id=kkBfAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=6737,5398224&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwias66HsI2KAxWJHjQIHYRBKu0Q6AF6BAgLEAI#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 4 December 2024 Warsaw Daily Times 30 November 1912 3 The town of Acambay was levelled; few buildings remained undamaged, and several nearby villages were also destroyed.1,200 may have lost lives in Mexican quake https://books.google.com/books?id=OQZZAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=5623,4472170&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjpr_vSz46KAxXIM0QIHUlvMX44FBDoAXoECAkQAg#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 4 December 2024 Evening Independent 22 November 1912 17 1 6 Among the casualties, more than 100 worshippers died when a church collapsed onto the crowd.1000 died in Mexico earthquake https://books.google.com/books?id=6KdeAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA1&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=5618,4970862&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwias66HsI2KAxWJHjQIHYRBKu0Q6AF6BAgNEAI#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 4 December 2024 United Press Portsmouth Daily Times 22 November 1912 As wells, springs and streams dried up following the earthquake, some survivors resorted to ponds as a means of water. Their frequent reliance made these ponds a source for contagious and deadly viruses. Rebels from outside the area looted the affected communities and attacked its residents.Thousands die in earthquake https://books.google.com/books?id=031YAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=3051,2996903&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwias66HsI2KAxWJHjQIHYRBKu0Q6AF6BAgKEAI#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 4 December 2024 Greensburg Daily Tribune 30 November 1912 3 In response to this rebel presence, the Mexican government said they would deploy soldiers to defend the area and allow outside assistance to enter. In parts of Mexico City, the earthquake knocked out gas and water services.One hundred dead by earthquake https://books.google.com/books?id=1lVfAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA3&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=4494,3349622&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwias66HsI2KAxWJHjQIHYRBKu0Q6AF6BAgEEAI#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 42 19 4 December 2024 The Evening News 21 November 1912 At least one person died and many others were injured in the city.Earthquake in Mexico https://books.google.com/books?id=WLpVAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA5&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=1466,6942597&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwiLq_7zxY6KAxVhIDQIHcs6EWI4ChDoAXoECAYQAg#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 4 December 2024 The Sydney Morning Herald 21 November 1912 9 Cracks appeared in the walls of the National Palace while some poorly constructed homes collapsed, and on the streets, water pipes ruptured and roads buckled.Severe earthquake 279 142 16 https://books.google.com/books?id=Mrw0AAAAIBAJ&pg=PA16&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=2513,2336830&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjgvZKH0Y6KAxVYMDQIHdrbLIc4KBDoAXoECAQQAg#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 4 December 2024 The Montreal Gazette 20 November 1912 During January 1913, an unspecified number of people also died from starvation.Earthquake victims starving https://books.google.com/books?id=JkZfAAAAIBAJ&pg=PA4&dq=earthquake+mexico&article_id=4949,39948&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwias66HsI2KAxWJHjQIHYRBKu0Q6AF6BAgMEAI#v=onepage&q=earthquake%20mexico&f=false 4 December 2024 Warsaw Daily Times 1 January 1913 4 See also List of earthquakes in 1912 List of earthquakes in Mexico References Category:1912 earthquakes Category:Earthquakes in Mexico Category:November 1912 in North America Category:1912 in Mexico Category:History of the State of Mexico Category:1912 disasters in Mexico