1858 in science

none 1858 science 1858 The year 1858 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy June 2 – Donati's Comet, the first comet to be photographed, is discovered by Giovanni Battista Donati; it remains visible for several months afterwards. September 10 – George Mary Searle discovers the asteroid 55 Pandora from the Dudley Observatory near Albany, New York.(55) Pandora Minor Planet Center International Astronomical Union http://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=55 2025-09-10 Biology 120px|thumb|right|Darwin Publication of Darwin's theory of evolution: June 18 – Charles Darwin receives papers from Alfred Russel Wallace setting out the latter's theory of natural selection which he forwards to Charles Lyell. July 1 – Darwin and Wallace's papers on their theories of evolution, On the Tendency of Species to form Varieties; and on the Perpetuation of Varieties and Species by Natural Means of Selection (submitted with the support of Lyell and Joseph Dalton Hooker) are read by John Joseph Bennett to a meeting of the Linnean Society of London. They are first published on August 20. William Herschel initiates fingerprinting as a means of identification, in Bengal.William J. Herschel The Origin of Finger-Printing Oxford University Press 1916 978-1-104-66225-7 http://galton.org/fingerprints/books/herschel/herschel-1916-origins-1up.pdf 11 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110725022215/http://galton.org/fingerprints/books/herschel/herschel-1916-origins-1up.pdf 25 July 2011 live Rudolf Virchow publishes Die Cellularpathologie in ihrer Begründung auf physiologische und pathologische Gewebelehre: 20 Vorlesungen, gehalten während der Monate Februar, März und April 1858 im Pathologischen Institut zu Berlin. George Bentham's Handbook of the British flora is published. This will be in use (in editions edited by Joseph Dalton Hooker) for a century. Chemistry May 28 – Erasmus Bond (owner of Pitt & Co. of London) patents tonic water, manufactured using quinine.Raustiala Kal The Imperial Cocktail http://www.slate.com/articles/health_and_science/foreigners/2013/08/gin_and_tonic_kept_the_british_empire_healthy_the_drink_s_quinine_powder.single.html Slate 2013-08-28 The Slate Group 2024-05-14Kim Walker Mark Nesbitt Just the tonic: A natural history of tonic water https://www.kew.org/read-and-watch/just-the-tonic-history 2024-05-14 Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Exploration February 13 – Richard Francis Burton and John Hanning Speke become the first Europeans to discover Lake Tanganyika.Penguin Pocket On This Day Penguin Reference Library 978-0-14-102715-9 2006 May 14 – Dr David Livingstone's 6-year Second Zambesi Expedition, under the patronage of the Royal Geographical Society, arrives at the African coast with the prefabricated iron paddle steamer Ma Robert.The Zambesi Expedition http://www.livingstoneonline.ucl.ac.uk/companion.php?id=HIST4 Livingstone Online 2011-08-26 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20120302014847/https://www.livingstoneonline.ucl.ac.uk/companion.php?id=HIST4 2012-03-02 August 3 – John Hanning Speke discovers Lake Victoria, source of the River Nile. Mathematics The Möbius strip is discovered independently by German mathematicians August Ferdinand Möbius and Johann Benedict Listing.Clifford A. Pickover Clifford A. Pickover 2006 The Möbius Strip: Dr. August Möbius's Marvelous Band in Mathematics, Games, Literature, Art, Technology, and Cosmology Thunder's Mouth Press 978-1-56025-826-1 registration https://archive.org/details/mbiusstripdrau00pickRainer Herges Möbius, Escher, Bach – Das unendliche Band in Kunst und Wissenschaft Naturwissenschaftliche Rundschau 2005 301–310 0028-1050Rodley, Chris Lynch on Lynch London 1997 231 Arthur Cayley publishes "A memoir on the theory of matrices", introducing the modern concept of the matrix in mathematics.Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society (London) 148 (1858). Repr. Cayley Arthur The Collected Mathematical Papers 1889 http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=umhistmath;idno=ABS3153 Cambridge University Press Cambridge Library Collection – Mathematics 978-1-108-00507-4 archive 2009 2 475–96Dieudonné Jean Jean Dieudonné Abrégé d'histoire des mathématiques 1700-1900 Hermann Paris 1978 1 III 96Tony Crilly 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know London Quercus 2007 978-1-84724-008-8 156 In Luxor, Egypt, the Rhind papyrus is found (named for Alexander Henry Rhind, the discoverer; it is sometimes called the Ahmes papyrus for the scribe who wrote it around 1650 BC). Physiology and medicine August 2 – Medical Act 1858 passed "to Regulate the Qualifications of Practitioners in Medicine and Surgery" in the United Kingdom. December 1 – The recently formed Odontological Society of London opens the Dental Hospital of London in England.Gelbier Stanley Dentistry and the University of London Medical History 2005-10-01 49 4 445–462 10.1017/s0025727300009157 16562330 1251639 First publication of Gray's Anatomy. Publication in London of Thomas B. Peacock's On Malformations, &c., of the Human Heart, with original cases which becomes a standard cardiology textbook.Thomas Bevill Peacock (1812-1882), 19th Century Cardiologist http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/203/9/801.full.pdf+html Journal of the American Medical Association 1968 203 801 10.1001/jama.1968.03140090185016 2011-03-30 9 4865659 https://web.archive.org/web/20120302014903/http://jama.ama-assn.org/content/203/9/801.full.pdf+html 2012-03-02 dead subscription French pediatrician Eugène Bouchut develops a new technique for non-surgical orotracheal intubation to bypass laryngeal obstruction resulting from a diphtheria-related pseudomembrane.Bouchut E. D'une nouvelle méthode de traitement du croup par le tubage du larynx On a new method of treatment for croup by larynx intubation fr Bulletin de l'Académie Impériale de Médecine 23 1160–2 1858 https://books.google.com/books?id=Fb3jnv21y1cC&pg=PA86 2010-09-06 Psychiatry First treatise on postpartum psychiatric disturbances, by Louis-Victor Marcé, MD.Trede K, Baldessarini RJ, Viguera AC, Bottero A Treatise on insanity in pregnant, postpartum, and lactating women (1858) by Louis-Victor Marcé: a commentary Harvard Review of Psychiatry 17 2 157–65 2009 19373623 10.1080/10673220902891802 8551341 Technology January 31 – I. K. Brunel's Great Eastern, the largest ship built to date, is launched on the River Thames using Tangye hydraulic rams.http://www.brunel200.com/ss_great_eastern.htm ss Great Eastern Brunel 200 2006 2011-06-29 https://web.archive.org/web/20110708101709/http://www.brunel200.com/ss_great_eastern.htm 2011-07-08 live August – The first aerial photography is carried out by Nadar from a moored balloon in France using the collodion process.Brief history of aerial photography http://findaerialphotography.com/history.php www.findaerialphotography.com 2007 2015-01-02 2015-02-08 https://web.archive.org/web/20150208105645/http://findaerialphotography.com/history.php dead August 16 – Official inauguration of the transatlantic telegraph cable; however, it fails on September 1. Mirror galvanometer invented by William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin. Hoffmann kiln patented in Germany by Friedrich Hoffmann for continuous production brickmaking. Awards Copley Medal: Charles LyellCopley Medal British scientific award https://www.britannica.com/science/Copley-Medal Encyclopedia Britannica 23 July 2020 en Wollaston Medal for geology: James Hall Births January 2 – Bernard Sachs (died 1944), American neurologist. January 9 – Elizabeth Gertrude Britton, née Knight (died 1934), American botanist. January 28 – Eugène Dubois (died 1940), Dutch paleoanthropologist. February 7 – Herman Frederik Carel ten Kate (died 1931), Dutch anthropologist. March 18 – Rudolf Diesel (died 1913), German mechanical engineer. March 27 – Richard Friedrich Johannes Pfeiffer (died 1945), German physician and bacteriologist. April 23 – Max Planck (died 1947), German theoretical physicist. May 19 – Thomas Allinson (died 1918), English physician and dietetic reformer. May 28 – T. H. E. C. Espin (died 1934), English astronomer, scientist and clergyman. July 9 – Franz Boas (died 1942), German-born anthropologist. August 11 – Christiaan Eijkman (died 1930), Dutch physiologist. August 19 – Ellen Willmott (died 1934), English horticulturist. August 27 – Giuseppe Peano (died 1932), Italian mathematician. October 4 – Mihajlo Idvorski Pupin (died 1935), Banat-born physicist. November 1 – Ludwig Struve (died 1920), Russian astronomer. November 30 – Jagadish Chandra Bose (died 1937), Bengali physicist. Laura Forster (died 1917), Australian physician. Deaths January 4 – Amelia Griffiths (born 1768), British phycologist. April 28 – Johannes Peter Müller (born 1801), German physiologist. June 10 – Robert Brown (born 1773), Scottish botanist. June 28 – Jane Marcet (born 1769), British popular science writer. November 8 – George Peacock (born 1791), English mathematician. December 10 – Joseph Paul Gaimard (born 1793), French naval surgeon and naturalist. December 16 – Richard Bright (born 1789), English physician. References 2 Category:19th century in science Category:1850s in science