2009 North Korean nuclear test

none December 2020 2009 North Korean nuclear test 2009 North Korean nuclear test.png Graphic from the United States Geological Survey showing the location of seismic activity at the time of the test North Korea 41.306 N 129.029 E type:event_region:KP inline,title, Punggye-ri Nuclear Test Site, Kilju County. 2009 05 25 09 54 43 y KST 1 Underground Fission 2.4 ktonTNT TJ (Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission) 2.35 ktonTNT TJ (Estimation from Chinese academics) 5.1-8.9 ktonTNT TJ (Estimations from University of Science and Technology of China) 5.4 ktonTNT TJ (Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources estimates in Jan 2016),Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest https://web.archive.org/web/20170901102040/https://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Gemeinsames/Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/Pressemitteilungen/BGR/bgr-160106_nordkorea_BGR_kernwaffentest.html?nn=1542132 1 September 2017 – BGR, 6 January 2016 which was revised from earlier estimates at 13 ktonTNT TJ in 2013Nordkorea: BGR registriert vermutlichen Kernwaffentest https://web.archive.org/web/20150916122947/http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Gemeinsames/Oeffentlichkeitsarbeit/Pressemitteilungen/BGR/bgr-130212_Kernwaffentest-Nordkorea.html 16 September 2015 – BGR (In German), 12 February 2013 10-20 ktonTNT TJ (Russian estimates) 1-20 ktonTNT TJ (South Korea Defense Minister estimates) 3-8 ktonTNT TJ (Analyst Martin Kalinowski at the University of Hamburg) 2-6 ktonTNT TJ, but likely less than 4 ktonTNT TJ (Hans M. Kristensen of the Federation of American Scientists) 2006 test 2013 test The 2009 North Korean nuclear test was the underground detonation of a nuclear device conducted on Monday, 25 May 2009 by North Korea.North Korea conducts nuclear test . BBC. 25 May 2009. This was its second nuclear test, the first test having taken place in October 2006.Kim, Sam. N. Korea appears to have conducted nuclear test: source https://web.archive.org/web/20160304201310/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/national/2009/05/25/72/0301000000AEN20090525004400315F.HTML 4 March 2016 . Yonhap New Agency. 2009/05/25. Following the nuclear test, Pyongyang also conducted several missile tests. A scientific paper later estimated the yield as 2.35 kilotons.Lian-Feng Zhao, Xiao-Bi Xie, Wei-Min Wang, Zhen-Xing Yao, "Yield Estimation of the 25 May 2009 North Korean Nuclear Explosion https://web.archive.org/web/20160914182728/http://www.bssaonline.org/content/102/2/467.abstract?sid=7c769220-2dfc-45b2-96d7-73fef9aa8d48 14 September 2016 ", Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, April 2012 vol. 102 no. 2 467–478. 10.1785/0120110163 The test was nearly universally condemned by the international community. Following the test, the United Nations Security Council passed Resolution 1874 condemning the test and tightening sanctions on the country.MacFarquhar Neil U.N. Security Council Adopts Stiffer Curbs on North Korea NYT 12 June 2009 https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/13/world/asia/13nations.html?ref=global-home 12 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20130531124353/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/13/world/asia/13nations.html?ref=global-home 31 May 2013 live It was widely believed that the test was conducted as a result of the succession crisis in the country.Powell Bill North Korea: The Coldest War TIME 22 June 2009 http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,1904014,00.html 17 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090615083920/http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0%2C9171%2C1904014%2C00.html 15 June 2009 deadhttp://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/090525351-second-nuclear-test-north-kore.htm Second Nuclear Test: North Korea Does What It Says Snyder Scott 25 May 2009 3 October 2009 21 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110721073920/http://sitrep.globalsecurity.org/articles/090525351-second-nuclear-test-north-kore.htm live https://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/north-koreas-nuclear-tests-linked-to-succession-plans-1701576.html North Korea's nuclear tests 'linked to succession plans' AFP 10 June 2009 The Independent 3 October 2009 London 1 January 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110101180016/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/north-koreas-nuclear-tests-linked-to-succession-plans-1701576.html deadhttps://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/world/asia/26northk.html Test Delivers a Message for Domestic Audience Fackler Martin 25 May 2009 The New York Times 3 October 2009 22 June 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230622064716/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/world/asia/26northk.html live After Kim Jong Il suffered a stroke in the summer of 2008, arrangements were made for his third son, Kim Jong Un, to take power upon his death.https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/03/world/asia/03korea.html North Korean Leader Is Said to Pick a Son as Heir Sanger David E. Mark Mazzetti and Choe Sang-hun 2 June 2009 The New York Times 3 October 2009 11 April 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130411030027/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/03/world/asia/03korea.html live It is believed the North Koreans conducted the nuclear test to show that, even in a time of possible weakness, it did not intend to give up its nuclear weapons program. Background North Korea and weapons of mass destruction North Korea (officially the Democratic People's Republic of Korea, or DPRK) had threatened to conduct a second nuclear test in protest after the United Nations Security Council adopted a presidential statement condemning the country after it launched a rocket, which it claimed was carrying the Kwangmyŏngsŏng-2 satellite, on 5 April 2009.https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jntKjLG2Y9N0a8MuIY8O__cOnWbQ Jun Kwanwoo World fury at North Korea nuclear test AFP 24 May 2009 24 May 2009 30 June 2013 https://web.archive.org/web/20130630081436/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jntKjLG2Y9N0a8MuIY8O__cOnWbQ dead The launch was condemned by several nations, describing it as an intercontinental ballistic missile test. The test occurred shortly after North Korea announced that it possessed miniaturized nuclear warheads for medium-range missiles and that it had been recognized by analysts as a fully fledged nuclear power.http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6155956.ece Richard Lloyd Parry North Korea is fully fledged nuclear power, experts agree The Times 24 May 2009 29 May 2009 London 25 May 2010 https://web.archive.org/web/20100525120848/http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6155956.ece dead In June 2009, after it was announced that Kim Jong Un was the intended successor of North Korean leader Kim Jong Il, U.S. government analysts speculated that the purpose of the nuclear test was to establish North Korea as a nuclear power within Kim Jong Il's lifetime.North Korean Leader Is Said to Pick a Son as Heir https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/03/world/asia/03korea.html 2 June 2009 2 June 2009 The New York Times David E. Sanger Mark Mazzetti Choe Sang-Hun https://web.archive.org/web/20130411030027/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/03/world/asia/03korea.html 11 April 2013 live North Korean statements Without citing a specific time, Pyongyang notified both Washington, D.C. and Beijing of the test about an hour before the actual detonation, which occurred around 10:00 Korea Standard Time (KST) Monday;https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSSEO14165620090525 U.N. council condemns North Korea nuclear test 25 May 2009 Jonathan Thatcher 25 May 2009 Reuters https://web.archive.org/web/20090526125639/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSSEO14165620090525 26 May 2009 live the U.S. State Department promptly contacted the four other six-party talks members.https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2009/05/124051.htm Japan: North Korea Nuclear Test (Taken Question) 26 May 2009 29 May 2009 12 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220912151427/https://2009-2017.state.gov/r/pa/prs/ps/2009/05/124051.htm live The state-run Korean Central News Agency (KCNA) released an announcement claiming, in part, that: The Democratic People's Republic of Korea successfully conducted one more underground nuclear test on May 25 as part of the measures to bolster up its nuclear deterrent for self-defence in every way as requested by its scientists and technicians. The current nuclear test was safely conducted on a new higher level in terms of its explosive power and technology of its control and the results of the test helped satisfactorily settle the scientific and technological problems arising in further increasing the power of nuclear weapons and steadily developing nuclear technology.https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/25/world/asia/25nuke-text.html Text of the North Korean Announcement of Nuclear Test KCNA The New York Times 24 May 2009 25 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20121214214608/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/25/world/asia/25nuke-text.html 14 December 2012 live This was interpreted as referring to the disputes over the low yield of the 2006 test.https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/world/asia/26nuke.html North Korean Nuclear Claim Draws Global Criticism Choe Sang-Hun The New York Times 25 May 2009 25 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20120207070146/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/26/world/asia/26nuke.html 7 February 2012 live Seismic activity South Korea and Japan reported seismic activity at 09:50 KST (00:50 UTC). The United States Geological Survey reported a magnitude 4.7 earthquake at a depth of zero and put the center of the tremor about 70 km northwest of Kimchaek and 375 km northeast of Pyongyang, within a few kilometres of the country's 2006 nuclear test site.Earthquake Details: Magnitude 4.7 – NORTH KOREA https://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqinthenews/2009/us2009hbaf/ Earthquake Hazards Program United States Geological Survey 25 May 2009 26 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090528075047/http://earthquake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/recenteqsww/Quakes/us2009hbaf.php 28 May 2009 deadEarthquake shakes North Korea https://web.archive.org/web/20090528112342/http://cnnwire.blogs.cnn.com/2009/05/24/earthquake-shakes-north-korea/ 28 May 2009 . CNN. 24 May 2009. The Japan Meteorological Agency measured the seismic activity at magnitude 5.3.NKorea says it conducted 2nd nuclear test https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iURO8fOyWVOA0ytFlaAGuC9F7R9wD98D2P8G0 The Associated Press 25 May 2009 29 May 2009 June 2024 medicmedic The Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources reported seismic activity in the same area but far stronger than in 2006. The Russian Defence Ministry confirmed it had detected a nuclear detonation in North Korea and was analysing the data to determine the yield.Russian Defence Ministry confirmed that North Korea conducted a nuclear test http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13973189 ITAR-TASS 25 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090530201503/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13973189 30 May 2009 dead 11 June 2009http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/North-Korea-Nuclear-Weapon-Test-Country-Confirms-Trial-Was-A-Success-South-Korea-Calls-Meeting/Article/200905415287844 Russia 'Confirms' North Korea Nuclear Test Sky News 25 May 2009 BSKYB https://web.archive.org/web/20090530203317/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/North-Korea-Nuclear-Weapon-Test-Country-Confirms-Trial-Was-A-Success-South-Korea-Calls-Meeting/Article/200905415287844 30 May 2009 dead 11 June 2009 Geophysical Service of the Russian Academy of Sciences has registered underground nuclear explosion conducted in North Korea on 25 May 2009. Registration time of this explosion was 0:54 am. GMT (4:54 a.m. Moscow time) with magnitude 5.0.http://www.ceme.gsras.ru/cgi-bin/info_quakee.pl?mode=1&id=125 Information messages about earthquakes 21 July 2014 28 January 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160128042838/http://www.ceme.gsras.ru/cgi-bin/info_quakee.pl?mode=1&id=125 live In China, tremors were felt in the prefecture of Yanbian, which borders North Korea, and forced students in some local schools to be evacuated.October 2020 The test is believed to have taken place at Mantapsan in the vicinity of P'unggyeri (풍계리 no), which was the site of the nuclear test held in 2006.http://www.wowkorea.jp/news/Korea/2009/0525/10057746.html 気象庁「北朝鮮・豊渓里でM4．5の人工地震」 AISE Inc. 25 May 2009 ja https://web.archive.org/web/20110725052714/http://www.wowkorea.jp/news/Korea/2009/0525/10057746.html 25 July 2011 live 11 June 2009 Analysis of test Yield Analysts have generally agreed that the nuclear test was successful, despite uncertainty of the exact yield.May 2023 The U.S. intelligence community assessed that North Korea "probably" had conducted a nuclear test with a yield of "a few kilotons".Charles Deborah Tabassum Zakaria Sandra Maler North Korea's May nuclear test few kilotons: U.S. Reuters 15 June 2009 https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE55E5BA20090615 15 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090618030531/https://www.reuters.com/article/worldNews/idUSTRE55E5BA20090615 18 June 2009 live The Comprehensive Test Ban Treaty Organization Preparatory Commission assessed the yield at only slightly larger than the 2006 test, which was one kiloton. Based on readings from 23 seismic stations, the Preparatory Commission estimated the blast to have a seismic magnitude of 4.52, corresponding to an explosive yield of 2.4 kilotons, compared to a seismic magnitude of 4.1, corresponding to a yield of 0.8 kilotons, for the 2006 blast.Ramstad, Evan and Jay Solomon, Peter Spiegel, "Korean Blast Draws Outrage https://web.archive.org/web/20240525074214/https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124322074782250897 25 May 2024 " Wall Street Journal, 26 May 2009. Accessed 11 June 2009. Archived 2009-08-02.http://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/press-releases/2009/ctbtos-initial-findings-on-the-dprks-2009-announced-nuclear-test/ CTBTO's initial findings on the DPRK's 2009 announced nuclear test, CTBTO Press Release, CTBTO Press Release – 25 May 2009 17 April 2012 20 May 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120520123432/http://www.ctbto.org/press-centre/press-releases/2009/ctbtos-initial-findings-on-the-dprks-2009-announced-nuclear-test/ live Russia placed the yield of the test significantly higher at 10 to 20 kilotons. This was approximately the yield of the Fat Man and Trinity bombs developed by the United States during World War II.Park Jeffrey The North Korean nuclear test: What the seismic data says Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 26 May 2009 http://thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/the-north-korean-nuclear-test-what-the-seismic-data-says 28 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090528161909/http://www.thebulletin.org/web-edition/features/the-north-korean-nuclear-test-what-the-seismic-data-says 28 May 2009 dead However, the Russians had also previously estimated a far higher yield of 5 to 10 kilotons when other sources estimated a yield of 0.5 to 0.9 kilotons in the 2006 test as well.http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/0689HayesKang.html Technical Analysis of the DPRK Nuclear Test Jungmin Kang Peter Hayes 20 October 2006 26 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20100403072638/http://www.nautilus.org/fora/security/0689HayesKang.html 3 April 2010 dead Defense Minister Lee Sang-Hee of South Korea said that more data were needed but that the yield might be between 1 and 20 kilotons. Analyst Martin Kalinowski at the University of Hamburg estimated the yield at being from 3 to 8 kilotons, still a very successful test when compared with the 2006 test.http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/file_download/177/Kalinowski.pdf Second nuclear test conducted by North Korea on 25 May 2009 25 May 2009 Kalinowski Martin Carl Friedrich von Weizsäcker Centre for Science and Peace Research, Universität Hamburg https://web.archive.org/web/20090530033729/http://www.armscontrolwonk.com/file_download/177/Kalinowski.pdf 30 May 2009 dead 11 June 2009 Hans M. Kristensen of the Federation of American Scientists cautioned that "early news media reports about a 'Hiroshima-size' nuclear explosion seem to be overblown". The Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists asserted that the blast was more powerful than the 2006 test, though put the yield between 2 and 6 kilotons, but likely less than 4 kilotons and far short of a Hiroshima-type device. The group concluded that the bomb failed to detonate correctly, but even so the potential of this weapon should not be dismissed. However, after the subsequent nuclear test in 2013, the Federal Institute for Geosciences and Natural Resources, a state-run geology research institute in Germany, estimated the yield ranging from a minimum of 5 kilotons to the maximum of 12 kilotons and the 2006 test ranging from minimum of 700 tons to the maximum of 2 kilotons instead with relevant statistics.BGR registered putative third North Korean nuclear test http://translate.google.com.hk/translate?hl=zh-CN&sl=de&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgr.bund.de%2FDE%2FThemen%2FErdbeben-Gefaehrdungsanalysen%2FSeismologie%2FKernwaffenteststopp%2FKernexplosionen%2FKernex%2Fnordkorea_20130212.html 15 February 2013 2 March 2013 28 January 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160128042837/http://translate.google.com.hk/translate?hl=zh-CN&sl=de&tl=en&u=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.bgr.bund.de%2FDE%2FThemen%2FErdbeben-Gefaehrdungsanalysen%2FSeismologie%2FKernwaffenteststopp%2FKernexplosionen%2FKernex%2Fnordkorea_20130212.html live BGR registriert vermutlichen dritten nordkoreanischen Kernwaffentest http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Erdbeben-Gefaehrdungsanalysen/Seismologie/Kernwaffenteststopp/Kernexplosionen/Kernex/nordkorea_20130212.html 15 February 2013 2 March 2013 18 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160318025658/http://www.bgr.bund.de/DE/Themen/Erdbeben-Gefaehrdungsanalysen/Seismologie/Kernwaffenteststopp/Kernexplosionen/Kernex/nordkorea_20130212.html live Similarly, the University of Science and Technology of China has estimated the yield of this test to be at 7kT with an error margin of 1.9kT (5.1kT to 8.9kT)http://seis.ustc.edu.cn/en/201609/t20160909_253323.html 温联星研究组 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160919072026/http://seis.ustc.edu.cn/en/201609/t20160909_253323.html 19 September 2016 while presenting their estimation for the nuclear test on 9 September 2016. Lack of radionuclide confirmation In June 2009, the Preparatory Commission for the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty Organization (CTBTO) announced that no radionuclides had been detected that could be associated with the 25 May event. At the time of the test, the CTBTO global network included 40 radionuclide sampling stations. In addition, the United States reported that no radionuclides were detected by aircraft over the Sea of Japan (East Sea of Korea), and South Korea also reported that no radionuclides were detected. By contrast, radionuclides were detected in at least two locations after the 2006 event. Lack of detection does not mean that the event was non-nuclear: it is reasonable for a nuclear test with this yield, buried deep enough in the appropriate rock, to not yield remotely detectable radionuclides, but it makes it more difficult to prove whether the test was nuclear.Science, vol 324, 19 June 2009, page 1499: "Verification Experts Puzzled Over North Korea's Nuclear Test https://web.archive.org/web/20090628124325/http://www.sciencemag.org/cgi/content/summary/324/5934/1499-a 28 June 2009 " by Daniel CleryJonathan Medalia, "North Korea's 2009 Nuclear Test: Containment, Monitoring, Implications https://web.archive.org/web/20240525074212/https://fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/R41160.pdf 25 May 2024 ", Congressional Research Service (2 April 2010). Missile tests On the same day, North Korea also conducted short-range surface-to-air missile tests.http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/05/20095270458302529.html North Korea defies global outcry Al Jazeera English 27 May 2009 2 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090530075208/http://english.aljazeera.net/news/asia-pacific/2009/05/20095270458302529.html 30 May 2009 live The number of fired missiles was first reported as three, but corrected to two by the South Korean defense ministry on 27 May 2009.http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/05/27/0401000000AEN20090527005000315.HTML N. Korea Monday fired two missiles, not three: ministry Yonhap News Agency 27 May 2009 2 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110928044950/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/05/27/0401000000AEN20090527005000315.HTML 28 September 2011 live The first missile had a range of 130 km.http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SEO175027.htm North Korea follows nuclear test with missile launch Reuters AlertNet 25 May 2009 26 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090531002940/http://www.alertnet.org/thenews/newsdesk/SEO175027.htm 31 May 2009 live The South Korean news agency Yonhap cited military officials as saying that the launches seemed to be aimed at keeping U.S. and Japanese surveillance planes away from the site.https://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090525/ap_on_re_as/as_koreas_nuclear Defying world powers, N. Korea conducts nuke test Jean H. Lee The Associated Press 25 May 2009 26 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090528200244/http://news.yahoo.com/s/ap/20090525/ap_on_re_as/as_koreas_nuclear 28 May 2009 dead On 26 May 2009, South Korea's Yonhap news agency reported, citing officials, that North Korea fired three more short-range missiles off an east-coast base, one ground-to-ship missile and one surface-to-air missile.http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/05/26/0401000000AEN20090526007400315.HTML N. Korea launches missiles amid tension over nuclear test Sam Kim Yonhap News Agency 26 May 2009 2 June 2009 12 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220912144407/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/05/26/0401000000AEN20090526007400315.HTML live http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/05/27/0401000000AEN20090527001300315.HTML N. Korea launches additional missile into East Sea: official Yonhap News Agency 27 May 2009 2 June 2009 12 September 2022 https://web.archive.org/web/20220912144419/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/05/27/0401000000AEN20090527001300315.HTML live The move came as UN diplomats began work on a resolution to punish North Korea for its underground nuclear test.https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8067711.stm North Korea 'fires more missiles' BBC 26 May 2009 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090529120258/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8067711.stm 29 May 2009 live By 27 May 2009, at least five short range missiles were launched by North Korea. A military spokesman quoted by official media said that North Korea could no longer guarantee the safety of shipping off its west coast, suggesting a missile could also be fired in that direction.http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/North-Korea-Has-Launched-Another-Missile-Since-Testing-A-Nuclear-Weapon-In-Pyangyong/Article/200905415289598?lpos=World_News_First_World_News_Article_Teaser_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15289598_North_Korea_Has_Launched_Another_Missile_Since_Testing_A_Nuclear_Weapon_In_Pyangyong https://archive.today/20120716045850/http://news.sky.com/skynews/Home/World-News/North-Korea-Has-Launched-Another-Missile-Since-Testing-A-Nuclear-Weapon-In-Pyangyong/Article/200905415289598?lpos=World_News_First_World_News_Article_Teaser_Region_0&lid=ARTICLE_15289598_North_Korea_Has_Launched_Another_Missile_Since_Testing_A_Nuclear_Weapon_In_Pyangyong dead 16 July 2012 North Korea Threats 'Won't Win Attention' Sky News 27 May 2009 29 May 2009 Another short-range missile was fired off North Korea's east coast on 28 May 2009.http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0529/korea.html N Korea fires short-range missile RTÉ Ireland 29 May 2009 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090601055137/http://www.rte.ie/news/2009/0529/korea.html 1 June 2009 deadhttps://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/pyongyang-raises-stakes-with-another-missile-test-1693161.html Pyongyang raises stakes with another missile test The Independent 29 May 2009 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090531003904/http://www.independent.co.uk/news/world/asia/pyongyang-raises-stakes-with-another-missile-test-1693161.html 31 May 2009 dead London Lee Jin-Woo On 29 May 2009, U.S. officials said that satellite photos revealed vehicle activity at two sites in North Korea suggesting that North Korean military might be preparing to launch a long-range ballistic missile.https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iINuv9D2sTgAI4qgcH5lbnVDzphw Activity spotted at two NKorea missile sites: US officials AFP 29 May 2009 29 May 2009 12 March 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110312131246/http://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iINuv9D2sTgAI4qgcH5lbnVDzphw dead https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iURO8fOyWVOA0ytFlaAGuC9F7R9wD98G6MI05 US officials: North Korea may launch new missiles Associated Press 29 May 2009 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090603033941/https://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iURO8fOyWVOA0ytFlaAGuC9F7R9wD98G6MI05 3 June 2009 dead This was reaffirmed on 1 June 2009 by Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates who said at a news conference with his Philippine counterpart during a brief visit to Manila "We have seen some signs that they may be doing something with another Taepodong-2 missile, but at this point it's not clear what they're doing".https://www.wsj.com/articles/SB124386006995372071 Gates See Evidence of Another Long-Range North Korea Missile 1 June 2009 1 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090707102655/http://online.wsj.com/article/SB124386006995372071.html 7 July 2009 live The Wall Street Journal Peter Spiegel Yonhap news agency reported on 2 June 2009 that North Korea was readying as many as three medium-range missiles (according to some analysts, Rodong missiles)http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20090602_4862.php North Korea Prepares Multiple Missiles For Launch 2 June 2009 2 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090607232317/http://www.globalsecuritynewswire.org/gsn/nw_20090602_4862.php 7 June 2009 live at a missile base in Anbyon region, Gangwon Province, northeast of the capital of Pyongyang. In addition, a South Korean defence ministry spokesman said that signs that North Korea was preparing to fire an intercontinental ballistic missile (ICBM) had been detected.https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601080&sid=as2nKYrXBIo4&refer=asia South Korea Deploys Warship as North Readies Missiles (Update1) Bloomberg 2 June 2009 2 June 2009 4 January 2023 https://web.archive.org/web/20230104144440/https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601080&sid=as2nKYrXBIo4&refer=asia live https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iE0PmC9-SH35q7qnLpvRfQu0G-NA NKorea seen readying long-range missile test AFP 2 June 2009 2 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090605031940/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5iE0PmC9-SH35q7qnLpvRfQu0G-NA 5 June 2009 dead verifying US defense officials' reports and Defense Secretary Robert M. Gates's statement made on 1 June. North Korea apparently has moved the ICBM to a new base in Dongchang-ri along its west coast and a launch could take place in one or two weeks, according to Yonhap.http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/06/02/22/0401000000AEN20090602009400320F.HTML N. Korea gearing up to test-fire missiles on both coasts Sam Kim Yonhap News Agency 2 June 2009 2 June 2009 28 September 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110928045105/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/06/02/22/0401000000AEN20090602009400320F.HTML live http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/06/01/0401000000AEN20090601010600320.HTML N. Korea may launch ballistic missile after one or two weeks: official Yonhap News Agency 1 June 2009 2 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110928045134/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/06/01/0401000000AEN20090601010600320.HTML 28 September 2011 livehttps://www.google.com/hostednews/ap/article/ALeqM5iURO8fOyWVOA0ytFlaAGuC9F7R9wD98IH2I80 NKorea prepares missiles; South beefs up defenses Associated Press 2 June 2009 2 June 2009June 2024 medicmedic International reaction The North Korean news agency KCNA confirmed the test as "successful". The agency also said the test was "aimed at strengthening its self-defense nuclear deterrent in every way". South Korea's Yonhap news agency reported citing KCNA that citizens of Pyongyang held a rally to celebrate the country's second successful nuclear test on 26 May.http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/05/27/0401000000AEN20090527003800315.HTML N. Koreans rally in celebration of nuclear test Kim Hyun 27 May 2009 2 June 2009 15 February 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120215081954/http://english.yonhapnews.co.kr/northkorea/2009/05/27/0401000000AEN20090527003800315.HTML live In general the International reactions to the 2009 North Korean nuclear test have been almost uniformly negative. Members of the six-party talks Six-party talks South Korea: President Lee Myung-bak called an emergency cabinet meeting.Kim, Jack. North Korea conducts nuclear test: report https://web.archive.org/web/20201122020650/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE54O08120090525 22 November 2020 . Reuters. 24 May 2009. The decision was made to join the Proliferation Security Initiative, a move which the North has repeatedly warned would be construed as a declaration of war.S. Korea to Join US-Led Anti-Proliferation Drill https://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/05/113_45671.html The Korea Times 26 May 2009 27 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090530081540/http://www.koreatimes.co.kr/www/news/nation/2009/05/113_45671.html 30 May 2009 live The ROK-US Combined Forces Command raised its surveillance condition from WATCHCON3 (important indications of threat) to WATCHCON2 (vital indications of threat).Alert level raised on North Korea . BBC. 28 May 2009.Sang-Hun, Choe. OPLAN 5027 Major Theater War – West https://web.archive.org/web/20090517155140/http://www.globalsecurity.org/military/ops/oplan-5027-2.htm 17 May 2009 . GlobalSecurity.orgSouth Korea and U.S. Raise Alert Level https://web.archive.org/web/20180725121146/https://www.nytimes.com/2009/05/29/world/asia/29korea.html?ref=global-home 25 July 2018 . NYT. 27 May 2009. President Lee Myung-bak made another statement at the beginning of the ASEAN-Republic of Korea Commemorative Summit saying "We will continue to work to have North Korea observe UN Security Council resolutions".http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/asiapacific/news/article_1480666.php/South_Korea_asks_ASEAN_for_support_in_nuclear_dispute_ South Korea asks ASEAN for support in nuclear dispute Deutsche Presse Agentur 1 June 2009 1 June 2009 James Wray and Ulf Stabe https://archive.today/20120907093721/http://www.monstersandcritics.com/news/asiapacific/news/article_1480666.php/South_Korea_asks_ASEAN_for_support_in_nuclear_dispute_ 7 September 2012 dead On 27 May, North Korea's permanent military mission to the north–south joint security area reacted to S. Korea's decision to join the Proliferation Security Initiative saying it no longer is bound to the Korean War armistice and will militarily respond to any foreign attempt to inspect its ships.http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/05/27/UPI-NewsTrack-TopNews/UPI-66341243426271/ S. Korea joins PSI, North irate United Press International 27 May 2009 30 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20110605052637/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/05/27/UPI-NewsTrack-TopNews/UPI-66341243426271/ 5 June 2011 live China: The Foreign Ministry released a statement: "The DPRK ignored universal opposition of the international community and once more conducted the nuclear test. The Chinese government is resolutely opposed to it". The statement also strongly demanded that North Korea "return to the tracks of the six-party talks".Chinese gov't "resolutely opposes" DPRK's nuclear test http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-05/25/content_11433096.htm Xinhua News Agency 25 May 2009 25 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090528094603/http://news.xinhuanet.com/english/2009-05/25/content_11433096.htm 28 May 2009 dead Japan: Japan said the test was "unacceptable" and a violation of UN Security Council resolutions. It was also considering tightening sanctions in response.FACTBOX: Reaction to North Korea's nuclear test https://web.archive.org/web/20201122013058/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSTRE54O0SS20090525 22 November 2020 , Reuters, 25 May 2009http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/v4_joint0905.html V4+Japan Foreign Ministers' Meeting: Joint Press Statement Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan 25 May 2009 28 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090530182519/http://www.mofa.go.jp/region/europe/v4_joint0905.html 30 May 2009 live Russia: The Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs stated that "The latest steps of the DPRK escalate tensions in Northeast Asia and endanger regional security and stability" and violated UN Security Council Resolution 1718, but added that "We still think that the nuclear problem of the Korean Peninsula may be resolved only at the six-nation negotiations".FM: Russia urges DPRK to demonstrate responsibility http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90853/6665383.html People's Daily Online 25 May 2009 25 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090531020858/http://english.people.com.cn/90001/90777/90853/6665383.html 31 May 2009 live Natalya Timakova, the press attaché to the Russian president, said Russia "is seriously concerned" about North Korea's nuclear test and that "Russian competent services express regret and voice serious concern about North Korea's nuclear test in the area adjacent to the Russian Federation".http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13976466&PageNum=0 RF seriously concerned about N Korea's nuke test ITAR-TASS 25 May 2009 28 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090530201517/http://www.itar-tass.com/eng/level2.html?NewsID=13976466&PageNum=0 30 May 2009 dead United States: The White House condemned the test, saying "North Korea is directly and recklessly challenging the international community. The danger posed by North Korea's threatening activities warrants action by the international community."North Korea's second nuclear test stirs outrage https://web.archive.org/web/20090526115728/http://www.cnn.com/2009/WORLD/asiapcf/05/24/nkorea.nuclear/index.html 26 May 2009 . CNN. 25 May 2009. Retrieved 25 May 2009. President Barack Obama's official statement promised that North Korea would not find "international acceptance" unless it complied.TEXT: Obama statement on North Korea nuclear test https://web.archive.org/web/20201122104226/https://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE54O0ST20090525?virtualBrandChannel=10531 22 November 2020 . Reuters. 25 May 2009. He also said that the country's actions "pose a grave threat to the peace and stability of the world".Obama: North Korean nuclear test 'a grave threat' CNN 25 May 2009 http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/25/us.north.korea.react/index.html 25 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090527031103/http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/05/25/us.north.korea.react/index.html 27 May 2009 live Susan Rice, US ambassador to the UN, added that, "North Korea needs to understand that its actions have consequences" and that they would "pay a price for their action", in the form of further sanctions.North Korea 'will pay' over tests BBC. 26 May 2009. Retrieved 26 May 2009. Robert Gates, the US Defense Secretary, delivered a stark warning to North Korea, on 30 May 2009 "The policy of the United States has not changed," he said. "Our goal is complete and verifiable denuclearisation of the Korean peninsula, and we will not accept North Korea as a nuclear weapons state."https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/5413447/Leaders-live-in-luxury-while-North-Koreans-starve-to-pay-for-nuclear-bomb.html Leaders live in luxury while North Koreans starve to pay for nuclear bomb The Telegraph 31 May 2009 31 May 2009 London Leonard Doyle David Blair https://web.archive.org/web/20090602124829/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/5413447/Leaders-live-in-luxury-while-North-Koreans-starve-to-pay-for-nuclear-bomb.html 2 June 2009 live Aftermath News of the tests immediately affected South Korean markets, sending the main KOSPI share index down 4%, while the South Korean won dropped by 1% against the US$ on the day of the nuclear test, 25 May. The yen fell to 95.10 per dollar from its level of 94.78 on 22 May.Yen Falls as North Korea Holds Nuclear Test, Launches Missiles https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601101&sid=aH08mbkL5C9s&refer=japan Bloomberg L.P. 25 May 2009 29 May 2009 25 May 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240525074217/https://www.bloomberg.com/politics?pid=20601101&refer=japan&sid=aH08mbkL5C9s live On 28 May, North Korea threatened to end the Korean War armistice, stating that "the Korean peninsula will go back to a state of war", whereupon the joint military command of South Korea and the United States increased its surveillance alert level from WATCHCON 3 to WATCHCON 2, the second-highest level of surveillance alert. However, the five-stage combat alert level remained at DEFCON 4, the second-lowest level.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/5397767/South-Korea-and-US-troops-raise-alert-level-over-North-Korean-threat.html South Korea and US troops raise alert level over North Korean threat Malcolm Moore The Daily Telegraph 28 May 2009 29 May 2009 London https://web.archive.org/web/20090530013214/http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/northkorea/5397767/South-Korea-and-US-troops-raise-alert-level-over-North-Korean-threat.html 30 May 2009 livehttp://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/newshome/5611713 U.S. and South Korea raise military alert on North Reuters Yahoo!7 News 28 May 2009 20 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090531013518/http://au.news.yahoo.com/a/-/newshome/5611713 31 May 2009 dead Russia undertook security measures in case the war of nerves on the Korean peninsula erupted into a nuclear war.http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-3722406,00.html Russia fears Korea conflict could go nuclear Reuters Ynetnews 27 May 2009 29 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090529081248/http://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0%2C7340%2CL-3722406%2C00.html 29 May 2009 dead North Korea also threatened on 29 May to attack South Korean and US warships near its coast if its sovereignty were infringed.Koring, Paul. North Korea threatens to attack U.S. warships – The Globe and Mail https://web.archive.org/web/20160927115846/http://www.theglobeandmail.com/news/world/north-korea-threatens-to-attack-us-warships/article1156833/ 27 September 2016 . The Globe and Mail. 29 May 2009. In Japan a policy debate ensued regarding strengthening its military up to and including the possibility of an independent pre-emptive strike capability and even nuclear armaments, subjects hitherto taboo.Ito, Shingo. North Korea threat triggers calls for stronger Japanese military https://web.archive.org/web/20150924033410/http://www.etaiwannews.com/etn/news_content.php?id=961802&lang=eng_news&cate_img=140.jpg&cate_rss=news_Opinion 24 September 2015 . AFP. 29 May 2009.https://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=20601101&sid=aj8rDljD4nO8 North Korea Tests Lift Lid on Japan's Nuclear 'Taboo' (Update1) Bloomberg 29 May 2009 29 May 2009 25 May 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240525074219/https://www.bloomberg.com/politics?pid=20601101&sid=aj8rDljD4nO8 live On 30 May, the United Kingdom's Ministry of Defence confirmed that a VC10 tanker plane, which is used for air-to-air refueling, had been sent to Kadena Air Base in Okinawa, Japan to help support the investigations, led by the U.S. military, to determine the power of the nuclear explosion and the type of material that was used. A Ministry spokesman said: "Following the recent events in North Korea and to support the international community's efforts during this time of increased political tension, we can confirm that the UK is supporting in the associated verification efforts".http://www.timesonline.co.uk/tol/news/world/asia/article6394392.ece UK military aid Korean nuclear investigation the Times Online 30 May 2009 30 May 2009 London Simon Alford 25 May 2024 https://web.archive.org/web/20240525074218/https://www.thetimes.co.uk/ dead On the same day, a U.S. F-22 fighter jet arrived on Kadena Air Base, the first of twelve F-22s and approximately 280 Langley Air Force Base Airmen from the 94th Fighter Squadron, along with members of the Virginia Air National Guard's 192nd Fighter Wing, that are being deployed to Kadena Air Base as part of a theatre security package.https://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSTRE54T0V220090530 Nuclear N.Korea won't change Japan defense: minister Reuters 30 May 2009 31 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090602035024/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsMaps/idUSTRE54T0V220090530 2 June 2009 livehttps://www.af.mil/News/story/id/123151680/ Airmen, F-22s support Pacific presence mission U.S. Air Force 29 May 2009 31 May 2009 2nd Lt. Georganne Schultz https://web.archive.org/web/20090808220518/http://www.af.mil/news/story.asp?id=123151680 8 August 2009 livehttp://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20090531-145071.html F-22 deployed to Japan amid tensions AsiaOne Singapore Press 31 May 2009 1 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090606075400/http://news.asiaone.com/News/Latest%2BNews/Asia/Story/A1Story20090531-145071.html 6 June 2009 dead U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Jim Steinberg accompanied by Stephen Bosworth, the U.S. special envoy on North Korea, led a U.S. delegation to Asia on 1 June 2009 to consult regional forces on how to respond to North Korea's latest nuclear test. The delegation also includes Stuart Levy, the Treasury under-secretary for terrorism and financial intelligence, and Admiral James Winnefeld of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSSEO14165620090531 U.S., allies prepare for tougher response to N.Korea Reuters 31 May 2009 31 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090601100912/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSSEO14165620090531 1 June 2009 live Japan approved on 2 June 2009 plans for a satellite missile early warning system as part of a new space policy document, a year after Japan dropped a decades-old ban on military use of space with some ruling party lawmakers suggesting Japan should inspect North Korean ships, in the wake of reports that N. Korea was preparing to fire more mid-range missiles.https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE5511T220090602 Japan plans missile early warning system Reuters 2 June 2009 2 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090605165308/https://www.reuters.com/article/newsOne/idUSTRE5511T220090602 5 June 2009 live On the same day, as a response to the increased activity of the N. Korean military and after reports that North Koreans have stepped up naval drills near the western sea border, the site of deadly skirmishes between the two Koreas in 1999 and 2002, South Korea deployed a high-speed naval vessel, the Yoon Youngha guided missile patrol boat, to the area and vowed to "punish" any attacking forces.http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/06/02/S-Korean-guided-missile-ship-deployed/UPI-18271243919538/ S. Korean guided-missile ship deployed United Press International 2 June 2009 2 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090609001336/http://www.upi.com/Top_News/2009/06/02/S-Korean-guided-missile-ship-deployed/UPI-18271243919538/ 9 June 2009 livehttps://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5il7zZMTuw4rY-6Sl42dzqdP0q8nQ N.Korea starts assembling long-range missile: report AFP 2 June 2009 2 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090607054340/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5il7zZMTuw4rY-6Sl42dzqdP0q8nQ 7 June 2009 dead After the North Korean nuclear test the U.S. has approved the sale of a number of weapon systems to South Korea, including GBU-28 "bunker buster" bombs, SM-2 Standard surface-to-air Missiles and F-16 Block 32 Aircraft Upgrades improving the aircraft and increasing the South Korean military's operational abilities.https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jAxRpXvt-V_BwPRYw9gqhfEbQAYw US to sell 'bunker-buster' bombs to SKorea: official AFP 2 June 2009 2 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090608034511/https://www.google.com/hostednews/afp/article/ALeqM5jAxRpXvt-V_BwPRYw9gqhfEbQAYw 8 June 2009 deadhttp://www.dsca.mil/PressReleases/36-b/2009/ROK_09-23.pdf Republic of Korea – F-16 Block 32 Aircraft Upgrades Defense Security Cooperation Agency 29 May 2009 2 June 2009 UGOODSON https://web.archive.org/web/20110527065144/http://www.dsca.mil/PressReleases/36-b/2009/ROK_09-23.pdf 27 May 2011 deadhttp://www.dsca.mil/PressReleases/36-b/2009/ROK_09-22.pdf Republic of Korea – SM-2 Standard Missiles Defense Security Cooperation Agency 29 May 2009 2 June 2009 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110527065207/http://www.dsca.mil/PressReleases/36-b/2009/ROK_09-22.pdf 27 May 2011 The South Korean military has prepared plans for a counter-attack in the event of a first strike by North Korea.https://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-north-sb-idUSTRE5560CE20090607 S.Korea makes plans to counter North missile Reuters 7 June 2009 28 August 2020 22 November 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20201122014332/https://www.reuters.com/article/us-korea-north-sb-idUSTRE5560CE20090607 live UNSC Resolution 1874 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1874 The United Nations Security Council unanimously adopted resolution 1874 in response to the test, imposing further economic sanctions on the country and authorising UN member states to inspect North Korean cargo and destroy any that may be involved in the nuclear weapons program.UN toughens North Korea sanctions, BBC News Online, 12 June 2009 In response to the sanctions, an unidentified spokesman for the North Korean Foreign Ministry released a statement through the official Korean Central News Agency saying that the country would begin to "weaponize" its plutonium stockpiles.Fackler Martin North Korea to 'Weaponize' Its Plutonium NYT 13 June 2009 https://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/world/asia/14korea.html?hp 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20130531140253/http://www.nytimes.com/2009/06/14/world/asia/14korea.html?hp 31 May 2013 live The spokesman also said the country "will start uranium enrichment" and would view any US-led attempts to "blockade" it as an "act of war".North Korea in plutonium threat BBC 13 June 2009 https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8098484.stm 13 June 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090616093128/http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/8098484.stm 16 June 2009 live The statement was said to have lacked the usual bitterness of most North Korean statements. See also 2009 North Korean nuclear test List of North Korean nuclear tests 2006 North Korean nuclear test 2013 North Korean nuclear test January 2016 North Korean nuclear test Mantapsan Artillery Guidance Bureau Military of North Korea North Korea and weapons of mass destruction Six-party talks References 30em North Korea Politics Nuclear test 2009 Category:Underground nuclear weapons testing Category:May 2009 in Asia