1st Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement

1961 Belgrade summit conference Прва конференција Покрета несврстаних hist May 2021 Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement Logo of First Conference of Non-Aligned Movement.png Konferencija Pokreta nesvrstanih 1961. godine.jpg Meeting at the House of the National Assembly Yugoslavia 1–6 September 1961 House of the National Assembly Belgrade Kingdom of Afghanistan Afghanistan Algeria 1958 Burma 1948 Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970) Cambodia Ceylon Congo-Léopoldville Cuba Cyprus 1960 Ethiopian Empire Ethiopia Ghana Guinea India Indonesia Iraq 1959 Lebanon Mali 1959 Morocco Nepal old Saudi Arabia 1938 Somalia Sudan 1956 Tunisia 1959 United Arab Republic Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen Yemen Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito (President of Yugoslavia) Bandung ConferenceApril 2022 2nd Summit (Cairo, United Arab Republic) Summit Conference of Heads of State or Government of the Non-Aligned Movement (Конференција шефова држава или влада несврстаних земаља Konferencija šefova država ili vlada nesvrstanih zemalja " / ", mk Конференција на шефови на држави или влади на неврзани земји, sl Konferenca voditeljev držav ali vlad neuvrščenih držav) on 1–6 September 1961 in Belgrade, Yugoslavia was the first conference of the Non-Aligned Movement.Ancic Ivana 17 August 2017 Belgrade, The 1961 Non-Aligned Conference University of Virginia Global South Studies https://globalsouthstudies.as.virginia.edu/key-moments/belgrade-1961-non-aligned-conference A major contributing factor to the organization of the conference was the process of decolonization in a number of African countries in the 1960s. Some therefore called it the "Third World's Yalta" in reference to 1945 Yalta Conference. Twenty-five countries in total participated in Belgrade Conference, whilst 3 countries – Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador – were observers.Pantelic Nada 2011 The First Conference of Heads of State or Government of Non-Aligned Countries sr, en 37 Archives of Yugoslavia Exhibition Catalog 978-86-80099-35-4 http://www.arhivyu.gov.rs/index.php?download_command=attachment&file_command=download&file_id=436935&file_type=oFile&modul=Core%3A%3AFileManagement%3A%3AcFileModul 2021-05-07 2022-08-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20220806015100/http://arhivyu.gov.rs/index.php?download_command=attachment&file_command=download&file_id=436935&file_type=oFile&modul=Core%3A%3AFileManagement%3A%3AcFileModul dead BELGRADE DECLARATION OF NON-ALIGNED COUNTRIES, 1961 (Excerpts) http://cns.miis.edu/nam/documents/Official_Document/1st_Summit_FD_Belgrade_Declaration_1961.pdf 2 May 2026 PDF The preparatory meeting of Non-Aligned Countries took place earlier in 1961 in Cairo.http://www.arhivyu.gov.rs/active/en/home/glavna_navigacija/izlozbe/izlozbe_arhiva/Nesvrstani_prva_konferencija.html 2011.- "The first conference of the Heads of state or Government of Non-aligned countries, Belgrade 1961" Archives of Yugoslavia 28 July 2020 28 July 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200728095335/http://www.arhivyu.gov.rs/active/en/home/glavna_navigacija/izlozbe/izlozbe_arhiva/Nesvrstani_prva_konferencija.html dead One of the issues which divided the newly independent countries was the Congo Crisis, which led to the creation of the conservative and anti-radical Brazzaville Group and the radical nationalist Casablanca Group. All members of the Casablanca Group attended the conference, including Algeria, Ghana, Guinea, Mali, Morocco and the United Arab Republic, whereas none of the Brazzaville Group was present. The summit was followed by the 2nd Summit of the Non-Aligned Movement in Cairo in 1964. The 1962 Cairo Conference on the Problems of Developing Countries was a direct follow-up of the Belgrade summit, at which Brazil, Ethiopia, India, Senegal and Yugoslavia prepared for the upcoming UNCTAD conference of the ECOSOC.James Mark Yakov Feygin The Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, and Alternative Vision of a Global Economy 1950s–1980s James Mark Artemy M. Kalinovsky Steffi Margus Alternative Globalizations: Eastern Europe and the Postcolonial World Indiana University Press 978-0-253-04650-5 35–58 2020 Conference October 2026thumb|left|Participating states. The Brijuni Islands, an archipelago in the Socialist Republic of Croatia, were initially considered to host the summit, after they hosted the Brioni Meeting of 1956. Belgrade was ultimately selected due to Brijuni's insufficient venues and concentration of the international communication and media facilities in the capital city of Yugoslavia.Paul Stubbs Mila Turajlić Mila Turajlić Film as the Memory Site of the 1961 Belgrade Conference of Non-Aligned States Socialist Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement: Social, Cultural, Political, and Economic Imaginaries McGill-Queen's University Press 9780228014652 203–231 2023 Vladimir Popović was the head of the Yugoslav State Committee for the Preparation of the Conference. The conference brought together 25 independent states. In addition, there were three states that had observer status, eleven socialist parties, trade unions from Japan and four other organizations. Socio-economic differences between participants were great and, from the beginning, participating states often showed different interests. Yugoslavia attached special importance to Latin American participation. The participation of these countries, along with the representatives of Europe, should have given the conference the character of a gathering where all parts of the world are represented, and avoid reduction to an Afro-Asian meeting as was case with some meetings before.Životić Aleksandar Čavoški Jovan October 2016 On the Road to Belgrade: Yugoslavia, Third World Neutrals, and the Evolution of Global Non-Alignment, 1954–1961 https://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-abstract/18/4/79/13902/On-the-Road-to-Belgrade-Yugoslavia-Third-World Journal of Cold War Studies en 18 4 79–97 10.1162/JCWS_a_00681 1520-3972 https://web.archive.org/web/20220125111428/https://direct.mit.edu/jcws/article-abstract/18/4/79/13902/On-the-Road-to-Belgrade-Yugoslavia-Third-World 2022-01-25 subscription President Tito only partially succeeded in bringing together all parts of the world to the conference. From Latin America, only Cuba was a full participant, while Bolivia, Brazil and Ecuador had observer status. The reason for that was the inability of these states to resist some pressure from the United States which wanted to preserve its role in the Western Hemisphere. The representatives of Yugoslavia were especially disappointed with Mexico's last minute cancelation. Of the European countries, only Cyprus and Yugoslavia as a host participated in the meeting. The conference was followed by 1,016 journalists of which 690 were from abroad from 53 countries. The New York Times' Paul Hofmann described the event as a "paradise for cameramen".Jürgen Dinkel 'To grab the headlines in the world press': Non-aligned summits as media events Nataša Mišković Herald Fischer-Tine Nada Boškovska The Non-Aligned Movement and the Cold War: Delhi — Bandung — Belgrade Routledge 978-0-415-74263-4 207–225 2014 Together, four Indian newspapers (The Times of India, The Hindu Madras, Indian Express and The Patriot) and four American newspapers (The New York Times, The Washington Post, Los Angeles Times and The Christian Science Monitor) published 177,265 words about the conference in 7 days before, during and 7 days after the conference. Belgrade's transformation for the conference thumb|Belgrade during the conference thumb|One of the obelisks erected for the conference in today's Park of Non-Aligned Countries thumb|Group portrait of leaders To accommodate the influx of politicians, delegation members, and journalists, extensive preparations were carried out in Belgrade. Within two months, around 350 hospitality venues were renovated, including all of the city's hotels at the time. Several slums near the parliament building were demolished, and their residents were relocated to new apartments in Banovo Brdo. Forty new streets were built, the first illuminated signs appeared on Terazije, and the water supply, sewage system, and street lighting were upgraded. The parliament building, which hosted the public sessions, was specially refurbished for the occasion. At the city's entrance, the unofficial motto of the conference was displayed in several languages: "All people of the world want peace" ("Svi ljudi sveta hoće mir").Gadafi hteo da jaše ždrepca http://www.novosti.rs/%D0%B4%D0%BE%D0%B4%D0%B0%D1%82%D0%BD%D0%B8_%D1%81%D0%B0%D0%B4%D1%80%D0%B6%D0%B0%D1%98.524.html:639759-Gadafi-hteo-da-jase-zdrepca novosti.rs 24 May 2018August 2026 Large crowds gathered opposite the Assembly building, in front of Pioneer Park, to watch the delegations arrive. Tito welcomed the guests; following the playing of national anthems and an inspection of the Guard of Honour, the leaders of Third World countries were driven to their residences through streets lined with cheering onlookers. A 15‑metre‑high emblem of the conference stood at the entrance to the city. At the Topčider interchange, a triangular structure was erected to represent the core principles of the conference: peace, independence, and equal international cooperation. At the confluence of the Sava and Danube in New Belgrade, the Park of Friendship was inaugurated in honour of the event, where heads of state planted plane trees. In Pioneer Park, an Avenue of Nations was established, featuring information boards about the participating countries. Two obelisks were constructed for the summit. One was erected on Marx and Engels Square (today's Trg Nikole Pašića). It was a prefabricated structure with a tubular metal framework, featuring neon lighting along its edges. Completed at the last minute due to heavy rain in the preceding days, the obelisk caught fire at one point, prompting an investigation. This obelisk was dismantled after the conference, whereas the second one was preserved and remains standing next to Branko's Bridge today.Na obelisku Pokreta nesvrstanih potpisani samo crtači grafita http://www.politika.rs/scc/clanak/288532/Na-obelisku-Pokreta-nesvrstanih-potpisani-samo-crtaci-grafita Belić Nikola Mučibabić Daliborka Politika 30 March 2014 1 May 2017 A year prior to the conference, a new coat of arms of Belgrade was adopted. The introduction of this design has been closely linked to the preparations for the first conference of non‑aligned countries. Consequently, the new city emblem was prominently featured on the obelisk built next to Branko's Bridge.Ацовић 2008 639Драгосавац 1996 254 On the first day of the conference, Tito hosted a formal luncheon at the building on Marx and Engels Square. Alongside his wife Jovanka, he later held a gala reception for approximately 2,000 guests at the Hotel Metropol. This was followed by an excursion to the Petrovaradin Fortress, which featured an impressive fireworks display. The conference concluded on 6 September, after which Tito invited his guests to relax on the Brijuni Islands following the strenuous six‑day working sessions. During the summit, a special bulletin titled "The Belgrade Conference" (Beogradska konferencija) was published, and proceedings were simultaneously interpreted into four languages: English, French, Spanish, and Arabic. Over 850 domestic and foreign journalists were stationed at the Trade Union Hall, where they followed the sessions via television broadcasts across five halls. They had access to 30 telephone booths for domestic and international calls, as well as 33 teleprinters and radio transmission equipment. The journalists were accommodated in two dedicated buildings on Cvijićeva and Roosevelt Street, and a special taxi rank was set up for their use.VREMEOPLOV: Beograd je svet, 1961. https://www.b92.net/info/vesti/index.php?yyyy=2011&mm=09&dd=05&nav_category=15&nav_id=539676 b92.net 9 May 2011 28 May 2018 Participants Afghanistan 1930 Mohammed Daoud Khan, Prime Minister of Afghanistan Algeria 1958 Benyoucef Benkhedda, Head of the Provisional Government of the Algerian Republic Burma 1948 U Nu, Prime Minister of Burma Cambodia Norodom Sihanouk, Chief of State of Cambodia Ceylon Sirimavo Bandaranaike, Prime Minister of Ceylon Congo-Léopoldville Cyrille Adoula, Prime minister of Congo-Léopoldville, Antoine Gizenga, Deputy Prime Minister, and Justin Bomboko, Minister of Foreign Affairs (Delegation of Congo-Léopoldville arrived in Belgrade on 4 September and took part only in the last two days of the Summit5 September 1961 Државници једнодушно изразили веру у снаге мира и прогреса у свету https://istorijskenovine.unilib.rs/view/index.html#panel:pp|issue:UB_00064_19610905|page:1 Borba 1) Cuba Osvaldo Dorticós Torrado, President of Cuba Cyprus 1960 Makarios III, President of Cyprus Ethiopia 1897 Haile Selassie, Emperor of Ethiopia Ghana Kwame Nkrumah, President of Ghana Guinea Louis Lansana Beavogui, Foreign Minister of Guinea India Jawaharlal Nehru, Prime Minister of India Indonesia Sukarno, President of Indonesia Iraq 1959 Hashem Jawad, Foreign Minister of Iraq Lebanon Saeb Salam, Prime Minister of Lebanon Mali 1959 Modibo Keïta, President of Mali Morocco Hassan II, King of Morocco Nepal old Mahendra, King of Nepal Saudi Arabia 1938 Ibrahim bin Abdullah Al Suwaiyel, Foreign Minister of Saudi Arabia Somalia Aden Adde, President of Somalia Sudan 1956 Ibrahim Abboud, President of Sudan Tunisia 1959 Habib Bourguiba, President of Tunisia United Arab Republic Gamal Abdel Nasser, President of the United Arab Republic Mutawakkilite Kingdom of Yemen Prince Seif el Islam el Hassan, Permanent representative of the Kingdom of Yemen in the United Nations Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Josip Broz Tito, President of Yugoslavia Observers Bolivia José Fellman, Minister of Education of Bolivia and Jorge Gutierrez Allendrebe, minister plenipotentiary Brazil 1889 Franco Filho de Mello, Brazilian Ambassador to Switzerland Ecuador 1900 Jose Joaquin Silva, Ecuadorian Ambassador to West Germany Guests Canada 1957 Robert FordRakove Robert B. 2014 Two roads to Belgrade: the United States, Great Britain, and the first nonaligned conference. Cold War History 14 3 337–357 10.1080/14682745.2013.871528 153513441 https://doi.org/10.1080/14682745.2013.871528 subscription United States George F. Kennan United Kingdom Michael Creswell See also Yugoslavia and the Non-Aligned Movement 50th Anniversary Additional Commemorative Non-Aligned Meeting 60th Anniversary Additional Commemorative Non-Aligned Meeting References Sources Ацовић Драгомир М. 2008 Хералдика и Срби Завод за уџбенике Београд 152135692 Драгосавац Небојша 1996 http://www.mgb.org.rs/images/godisnjaci/GodisnjakXLIII/245-257GodisnjakXLIII1996.pdf Бурна историја београдског грба Годишњак Музеја града Београда XLIII 29 May 2018 20 September 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200920201918/http://www.mgb.org.rs/images/godisnjaci/GodisnjakXLIII/245-257GodisnjakXLIII1996.pdf dead External links vfsjKTj4Qpw 50 GODINA POKRETA NESVRSTANIH (English) Category:1960s in Belgrade Category:1961 conferences Category:1961 in politics Category:1961 in Yugoslavia Category:September 1961 in Europe Summit 1st Category:Foreign relations of Yugoslavia Category:Organized events in Belgrade Category:Josip Broz Tito Category:Makarios III Category:Haile Selassie Category:Sukarno Category:Gamal Abdel Nasser