1993 Mongolian presidential election

none Mongolia presidential 1997 Mongolian presidential election 1997 6 June 1993 Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat 1990.png Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat MSDP–MNDP 592,836 57.78% Lodongiin Tudev.png Lodongiin Tüdev mn Лодонгийн Түдэв MPRP 397,057 38.70% 1993 Mongolian presidential election map.svg Results by province President Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat MPRP Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat MSDP–MNDP 92.73% 1,106,403 1992 Presidential elections were held in Mongolia on 6 June 1993,Dieter Nohlen, Florian Grotz & Christof Hartmann (2001) Elections in Asia: A data handbook, Volume II, p490 0-19-924959-8 the first time a head of state had been democratically elected in a competitive election. The two candidates were incumbent president Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat and Lodongiin Tüdev, a renowned writer, editor and prominent political figure.Renowned Mongolian writer Lodongiin Tudev passes away https://www.montsame.mn/en/read/222244 2024-10-05 MONTSAME News Agency en Ochirbat, who was previously elected president of the Mongolian People's Republic by the People's Grand Khural in the aftermath of the 1990 revolution, was nominated as a candidate by the opposition coalition between the Mongolian Social Democratic Party (MSDP) and the Mongolian National Democratic Party (MNDP). Tüdev was nominated as a candidate by the ruling Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (MPRP). The result was a victory for Ochirbat, who received 57.8% of the vote. Voter turnout was 93%,Nohlen et al., p4912023 Elections in Mongolia (1992-2021) https://asiafoundation.org/insight/elections-in-mongolia-1992-2021/ 2026-10-03 The Asia Foundation 85 en-US which remains the highest turnout for a presidential election and the only time the turnout for a presidential election was over 90%. It was the MPRP's first electoral loss since the adoption of the 1992 Constitution.Batbayar Tsedendambyn 1994 Mongolia in 1993: A Fragile Democracy https://www.jstor.org/stable/2644955 Asian Survey 34 1 41–45 10.2307/2644955 0004-4687 subscription Electoral system Presidential electoral law was ratified by the legislature on 15 February 1993, which took effect on 1 March 1993.1993-02-15 МОНГОЛ УЛСЫН ЕРӨНХИЙЛӨГЧИЙН СОНГУУЛИЙН ХУУЛЬ https://legalinfo.mn/ 2026-10-03 Эрх зүйн мэдээллийн нэгдсэн систем en According to the law, the election was to be held using the two-round system. If no candidate had received a majority of the vote (including invalid ballots) in the first round, a second round would be held. Only parties with seats in the State Great Khural were allowed to nominate candidates. Parties in a coalition were also allowed to nominate a joint candidate. Citizens aged at least 18 and residing within the borders of Mongolia were eligible to vote via secret ballot. The organization of the elections were tasked to General Election Commission (GEC), an electoral commission responsible to the State Great Khural, and local polling stations. Background Fall of communism 1990 Democratic Revolution in Mongolia Following the 1990 pro-democracy movement, the General Secretary of the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, Jambyn Batmönkh, and other politburo leaders announced their resignation in March 1990, paving the way for democratic change in Mongolia.Б. 2015-07-29 МОНГОЛД АРДЧИЛАЛ ЭХЭЛСЭН ТҮҮХ https://ikon.mn/p/irg 2024-10-05 ikon.mn mn ДөлгөөнHeaton William R. Jan 1991 Mongolia in 1990: Upheaval, Reform, But No Revolution Yet The Western Political Quarterly 31 1 50–56 10.2307/2645184 2645184 On 21 March 1990, during the 8th Extraordinary People's Grand Khural session, the following constitutional provision: "The guiding force of the Mongolian People's Republic is the Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party, which uses the all-conquering Marxist-Leninist theory in its operations." was removed from the Constitution of the MPR; officially ending 70 years of one-party rule. Head of state Jambyn Batmönkh and premier Dumaagiin Sodnom were succeeded by Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat and Sharavyn Gungaadorj during the session. Transition to democracy The first multi-party parliamentary elections were held in July 1990 for the People's Grand Khural and the State Little Khural with a high turnout of 98%. The MPRP won both elections to both houses, while opposition parties made modest gains. Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat was re-elected as a deputy to the People's Grand Khural and was subsequently appointed to the newly created position of President of the Mongolian People's Republic in September 1990.Баабар Монголын ардчилсан хувьсгалын хроник http://www.baabar.mn/article/1070 2026-01-28 www.baabar.mn mn left|thumb|President Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat (leftmost) and deputy premier Dashiin Byambasüren (rightmost) meeting with opposition leaders, circa June 1990 In January 1992, a new constitution was ratified, renaming the country to Mongolia and changing the presidential title to "President of Mongolia and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces."А. Төгөлдөр 2025-01-13 1992 оноос хойш дөрвөн удаа Үндсэн хуульд өөрчлөлт оруулжээ https://ikon.mn/n/3bof 2026-01-28 ikon.mn mn After the ratification, parliamentary elections for the unicameral legislature, the State Great Khural, were held on 28 June 1992. The MPRP once again won a supermajority, securing 70 out of the total 76 seats with 57% of the vote.З. Санжаа 2024-06-19 ТАНИЛЦ: 1992-2020 он хүртэл УИХ-ын сонгуулийн тойрог хуваалт ба үр дүн https://ikon.mn/n/1ra9 2026-01-28 ikon.mn mn This was largely attributed to the party's adoption of multiparty governance and its support for a market economy. The opposition alliance between the Mongolian National Progress Party (MNPP), the Mongolian Democratic Party (MDP), and the Mongolian United Party (MUP) won four seats with 17% of the vote. The Mongolian Social Democratic Party, supported by the German SPD, won one seat with 10% of the vote. The opposition MDP, MNPP, MUP, and Mongolian Renaissance Party merged in late 1992 to form the Mongolian National Democratic Party (MNDP). The MNDP, with its four parliamentary seats, became the primary opposition to the MPRP and second largest parliamentary party. Local elections were held in October of the same year. The ruling MPRP won all 18 governorships of the country's provinces and almost 90% of all sum legislature seats.Report on Mongolian Presidential Election: June 6, 1993 https://www.ifes.org/publications/report-mongolian-presidential-election-june-6-1993 2024-10-05 IFES en 3-4 Candidates According to the electoral law, parties with representation in the State Great Khural were allowed to nominate candidates for the presidential election. Three political parties, the MPRP, the MNDP, and the MSDP, were eligible to compete in the election. During a party conference in April 1993, inaugural president Ochirbat was rejected as the MPRP's pick for the presidential candidate, with the party instead selecting Lodongiin Tüdev, a well-known writer, editor, and intellectual figure. Both figures belonged to different factions within the party. Tüdev was considered as more orthodox party member than Ochirbat.Nations in transit, 1999-2000: civil society, democracy, and markets in East Central Europe and the newly independent states 2001 Transaction Publishers 978-0-7658-0773-1 Karatnycky Adrian New Brunswick, [N.J.] 465-466 Motyl Alexander Piano Aili In response to the decision, the MNDP and MSDP formed a coalition and nominated Ochirbat as their joint candidate for the presidential election. NamesBornLast positionParty130x130px Lodongiin Tüdev1935 02 09 dmy(1935 02 09 1993 6 6)Naran, Govi-Altai, MongoliaEditor of Mongolyn Ünen(1984–1996)Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party (old)Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party130x130pxPunsalmaagiin Ochirbat1942 01 23 dmy(1942 01 23 1993 6 6)Tüdevtei, Zavkhan, MongoliaPresident of the Mongolian People's Republic(1990–1992)Democratic Party (Mongolia)MSDP–MNDP Opinion polls Polling firmFieldwork dateSample sizeOchirbatMNDP–MSDPTüdevMPRPUndecidedMPRP Research, Training and Information CentreBatbayar Tsedendambyn 1994-01-01 Mongolia in 1993: A Fragile Democracy https://online.ucpress.edu/as/article/34/1/41/23084/Mongolia-in-1993-A-Fragile-Democracy Asian Survey en 34 1 42 10.2307/2644955 0004-4687 JSTOR subscription April 17–56.630.213.2PolicyMay 1-7–60.038.91.1MPRP Research, Training and Information CentreMay 7–52.544.33.2MPRP Research, Training and Information CentreMay 27–46.051.03.0 Results Voting began at 7:00 and ended at 22:00 on Sunday, 6 June 1993. Ochirbat received 57.8% of the vote and was re-elected as president at the age of 51, becoming the first non-MPRP president to be elected. Punsalmaagiin Ochirbat MSDP–MNDP 592836 Lodongiin Tüdev mn Лодонгийн Түдэв Mongolian People's Revolutionary Party 397057 Invalid votes 36077 1025970 1106403 General Election CommissionМонгол улсын ерөнхийлөгчийн сонгуулиудын дүнгийн эмхэтгэл 2011 General Election Commission of Mongolia 8–23 Compilation of Mongolian presidential election results https://www.gec.gov.mn/uploads/Erunhiilugchiin%20songuuli-1993-2009.pdf https://web.archive.org/web/20240424002713/https://www.gec.gov.mn/uploads/Erunhiilugchiin%20songuuli-1993-2009.pdf 24 April 2024 Ulaanbaatar Mongolian Vote share #ddd 600px 500px Ochirbat Democratic Party (Mongolia) 57.78 Tüdev Mongolian People's Party 38.70 Invalid votes Independents 3.52 Results by area Subdivision Punsalmaagiin OchirbatMNDP–MSDP Lodongiin TüdevMPRP colspan="2" Democratic Party (Mongolia) colspan="2" Mongolian People's PartyVotes%Votes%Aimags of MongoliaArkhangai29,64667.83%14,06032.17%Bayan-Ölgii17,36146.52%18,33149.12%Bayankhongor24,19364.27%12,42433.01%Bulgan17,78562.05%9,88934.50%Govi-Altai6,09419.67%24,09577.76%Dornogovi14,72458.09%9,82138.75%Dornod23,84666.43%10,81330.12%Dundgovi11,67449.47%11,28447.82%Zavkhan35,98778.73%8,52418.65%Övörkhangai30,08060.36%18,03436.19%Ömnögovi12,38157.32%8,77740.63%Sükhbaatar16,00860.88%9,18334.92%Selenge26,37463.83%13,42232.48%Töv28,17154.73%21,52041.81%Uvs10,09424.3229,20270.36%Khovd16,94345.44%19,05351.09%Khövsgöl33,25360.77%18,76134.29%Khentii22,78767.25%10,03629.62%Cities of MongoliaDarkhan23,80263.36%12,33132.82%Erdenet19,08272.74%6,42524.49%Choir3,36566.07%1,52429.92%Ulaanbaatar169,18658.57%109,54837.92%Total 592,836 57.78%397,05738.70% References External links Report on Mongolian Presidential Election: June 6, 1993 by the IFES Mongolia Presidential Category:June 1993 in Asia Category:Presidential elections in Mongolia