1st Parliament of the Province of Canada

British colonial legislature from 1841 to 1844 January 2020 January 2020 #FF0000 Parliament of the Province of Canada Parlement de la Province du Canada First Parliament, 1841 – 1844 File:Coat_of_arms_of_the_United_Kingdom_(1837-1952).svg Bicameral Legislative Council Legislative Assembly Four years, subject to earlier dissolution 1841 02 10 2nd Parliament of the Province of Canada, 1844–1847 Monarch Victoria Governor General of the Canadas Lord Sydenham, 1841Major-General John Clitherow (Deputy), 1841Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Downes Jackson (Administrator), 1841–1842 Premier Samuel Harrison, 1841–1842 (Reform)William Henry Draper, 1842 (Upper Canada Tories)Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine, 1842–1843 (Reform)Sir Dominick Daly, 1843 (Acting premier)William Henry Draper, 1843–1847 (Upper Canada Tories) Deputy Premier William Henry Draper, 1841–1842 (Upper Canada Tories)Charles Richard Ogden, 1842 (Government supporter)Robert Baldwin 1842–1843 (Reform)Denis-Benjamin Viger 1843–1846 (Groupe canadien-français) Speaker of the Legislative Council Robert Sympson Jameson, 1841–1842Peter McGill, 1842–1847 Speaker of the Legislative Assembly Austin Cuvillier, 1841–1844 (Groupe canadien-français) Legislative Council: 24 Legislative Assembly: 84 Legislative Council Legislative Assembly Life appointments Single member constituenciesFirst-past-the-post votingOpen ballot systemAdult male franchise with property qualification Act of Union 1840 The First Parliament of the Province of Canada was summoned in 1841, following the union of Upper Canada and Lower Canada as the Province of Canada on February 10, 1841. The Parliament continued until dissolution in late 1844. The Parliament of the Province had two chambers: the elected lower house, the Legislative Assembly, and the appointed upper house, the Legislative Council. The first general election for the Legislative Assembly was held in April, 1841. Canada East (formerly Lower Canada) and Canada West (formerly Upper Canada)) each had forty-two seats in the Legislative Assembly. The members of the Legislative Council, twenty-four in number, were appointed by the British Governor General, Lord Sydenham. All sessions were held at Kingston, Canada West, with the first session of the Parliament called in June 1841. The Parliament had three annual sessions, but then was prorogued for close to a year due to a political crisis in the relations between the Legislative Assembly and the Governor General. The Parliament was dissolved in September, 1844, triggering the second general election for the Province, and the second Parliament, which met in Montreal. In 1841, the District Councils Act was passed which established a system of local government in Canada West based on district councils. Prior to 1841, local affairs were dealt with by the District Court of Quarter Sessions. First government and election The Governor General, Lord Sydenham, appointed the first members to the Executive Council on February 13, 1841.J.O. Côté, Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada, 1841 to 1860 (Quebec: St. Michel and Darveau, 1860).12 All of the members were anglophones, with no francophones. They were appointed as advisors to the Governor General, who continued to exercise the executive powers of the government. The first general election for the new Legislative Assembly was held in the spring of 1841. There was no single election date – members in different districts were elected on different days. The returning officer in each electoral district chose the date for the election in their district. The Governor General, following the policy of assimilation set out in Lord Durham's Report, drew boundaries and chose the location of polling stations in Canada East in anglophone areas, in an effort to favour voters of British stock and to make it more difficult for francophone voters to exercise their franchise.CBC: 1841 – The First Election after the Act of Union. The election was marred by violence. In the district of Montreal, riots broke out in six counties. At St. Laurent, an English mob scattered French voters, and then when the Tories had a majority, it closed down the vote although only a hundred voters had voted in a district with a population of 60,000.Garner, Franchise and Politics in BNA, p. 99-100 In the riding of Terrebonne in Canada East, the threat of a riot at the polling station forced Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine, a proponent of responsible government, to withdraw his candidacy. In response, Robert Baldwin in Canada West, also a supporter of responsible government, proposed to his father, William Warren Baldwin, that they should assist Lafontaine's election. Baldwin senior was a candidate for a riding in the Toronto area. He withdrew his nomination to allow Lafontaine to stand for election. Lafontaine was elected. This was the beginning of the Lafontaine-Baldwin alliance which ultimately led to responsible government in the Province of Canada.James H. Marsh, "Editorial: Baldwin, LaFontaine and Responsible Government", Canadian Encyclopedia, January 24, 2012. Candidates at this time were loosely affiliated in early political parties, but party structure was not strong. Different parties were active in Canada East and Canada West. The election gave no single party group a majority of seats in the Legislative Assembly. Governors General One of the unusual features of the 1st Parliament was the high turnover in the position of governor general. Charles Poulett Thomson was the governor general from February 1841 until September 1841, when he died from tetanus resulting from a riding accident. His deputy, Major-General John Clitherow, immediately prorogued Parliament. Clitherow was replaced by the Administrator, Lieutenant-General Sir Richard Downes Jackson, shortly afterwards. Jackson acted as Administrator until January 1842, when Sir Charles Bagot was appointed Governor General. Bagot resigned the office in March, 1843 due to ill health, dying shortly afterwards. Sir Charles Metcalfe then took over, and stayed in office until November 1845. He retired to England and died of cancer shortly afterwards. Legislative Assembly Canada East Members elected in the general election The following members were elected to the Legislative Assembly from Canada East in the 1841 general election. The party affiliations are based on the biographies of individual members given by the National Assembly of Quebec, as well as votes in the Legislative Assembly. "Party" was a fluid concept, especially during the early years of the Province of Canada."Return of the names of the Members chosen to serve in the Legislative Assembly of Canada", Office of the Clerk of the Crown in Chancery, Kingston, 14th. June, 1841, Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, 1st Parliament, 1st Session, 1841, pp. xi–xii.J.O. Côté, Political Appointments and Elections in the Province of Canada, 1841 to 1860 (Quebec: St. Michel and Darveau, 1860), pp. 43–58.Québec Dictionary of Parliamentary Biography, from 1764 to the present.Paul G. Cornell, Alignment of Political Groups in Canada, 1841–67 (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1962; reprinted in paperback 2015), pp. 93–111. Riding Member Party First elected/previously elected No. of terms BeauharnoisDunscomb, John WilliamResigned on October 8, 1842, following appointment as Warden, Trinity House, Montreal, on July 15, 1842.National Assembly of Quebec: John William Dunscomb.Côté, Political Appointments and Elections: Notes to the First Parliament.p. 59, note (1) Unionist18411st term Government supporter Wakefield, Edward Gibbon (1842) French-Canadian Group18421st term "British" Tory BellechasseRuel, Augustin-GuillaumeResigned on being appointed Registrar of the Rimouski district, January 1, 1842.National Assembly of Quebec: Augustin-Guillaume Ruel.p. 59, note (3) Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group Turgeon, Abraham (1842) French-Canadian Group18421st term BerthierArmstrong, David Morrison Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group BonaventureHamilton, John Robinson Anti-unionist1832, 18412nd term* Independent ChamblyYule, JohnResigned September 22, 1843.National Assembly of Quebec: John Yule.p. 59, note (5) Unionist18411st term Government supporter Lacoste, Louis (1843) French-Canadian Group1834, 18432nd term ChamplainKimber, René-JosephSeat became vacant on his appointment to the Legislative Council.National Assembly of Quebec: René-Joseph Kimber.p. 59, note (7) Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group Judah, Henry (1843) French-Canadian Group18431st term DorchesterTaschereau, Antoine-Charles Anti-unionist1830, 18413rd term French-Canadian Group DrummondWatts, Robert Nugent Unionist18411st term Government supporter GaspéChristie, Robert Anti-unionist18411st term Independent HuntingdonCuvillier, Austin (Speaker of the Assembly) Anti-unionist1814, 18418th term* Independent KamouraskaBerthelot, Amable Anti-unionist1814,tr Trois-Rivières 1824,tr 1834,Quebec (Upper Town) 18414th term* French-Canadian Group L'IsletTaché, Étienne-Pascal Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group LeinsterRaymond, Jean-MoïseResigned on being appointed District Registrar of Leinster on January 1, 1842.National Assembly of Quebec: Jean-Moïse Raymond.p. 59, note (16) Anti-unionist1824,Huntingdon/Laprairie 18415th term French-Canadian Group De Witt, Jacob (1842) French-Canadian Group1830,Beauharnois 18423rd term* LotbinièreNoël, Jean-Baptiste-Isaïe Anti-unionist1830, 18413rd term French-Canadian Group MegantickDaly, Dominick Unionist18411st term Government supporter MissiskouiJones, Robert Unionist18411st term "British" Tory MontmorencyQuesnel, Frédéric-Auguste Anti-unionist1820,Kent/Chambly 18415th term* French-Canadian Group Montreal(District represented by two members)Holmes, BenjaminResigned on February 1, 1844, to return to position with the Bank of Montreal.Lorne Ste. Croix, "Holmes, Benjamin", Dictionary of Canadian Biography, Volume IX (1861–1870), University of Toronto/Université Laval. Unionist18411st term Government supporter Independent French-Canadian Group Moffatt, GeorgeResigned on October 30, 1843, to protest decision to move the provincial seat of government from Kingston to Montreal.National Assembly of Quebec: George Moffatt.Dictionary of Canadian Biography: "Moffatt, George".p. 59, note (20) Unionist18411st term Government supporter Beaubien, Pierre (1843) French-Canadian Group18431st term Drummond, Lewis Thomas (1843) French-Canadian Group18431st term Montreal CountyDelisle, Alexandre-MauriceSeat automatically vacated on being appointed Clerk of the Crown for the Montreal Sessions of the Peace, July 13, 1843.National Assembly of Quebec: Alexandre-Maurice Delisle.p. 59, note (22) Unionist18411st term Government supporter Jobin, André (1843) French-Canadian Group1835, 18432nd term* NicoletMorin, Augustin-NorbertAppointed to the District Court for Rimouski and resigned seat on January 7, 1842.National Assembly of Quebec: Augustin-Norbert Morin.p. 59, note (26) Anti-unionist1830,Bellechasse 18413rd term French-Canadian Group Viger, Louis-Michel (1842) French-Canadian Group1830,Chambly 18423rd term* Ottawa CountyDay, Charles DeweyAppointed to the Queen's Bench, June 21, 1842.National Assembly of Quebec: Charles Dewey Day.p. 59, note (29) Unionist18411st term Government supporter PortneufAylwin, Thomas CushingAppointed Solicitor General of Canada East on September 24, 1842, triggering a ministerial by-election.National Assembly of Quebec: Thomas Cushing Aylwin.p. 59, note (32) Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group Quebec City(District represented by two members)Black, Henry Unionist18411st term "British Tory" Burnet, DavidResigned on August 26, 1843 after declaring bankruptcy.p. 59, note (33)"Burnet, David", Dictionary of Canadian Biography. Unionist18411st term Independent Chabot, Jean (1843) French-Canadian Group18431st term Quebec CountyNeilson, John Anti-unionist1818, 18416th term* French-Canadian Group RichelieuViger, Denis-Benjamin Anti-unionist1808,Montreal West/Leinster/Kent 184110th term* French-Canadian Group RimouskiBorne, MichelResigned on December 15, 1842 to allow Robert Baldwin, who had been defeated in a ministerial by-election in Canada West, to stand for election.National Assembly of Quebec: Michel Bornep. 59, note (36) Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group Baldwin, Robert (1843) Ultra Reformer1829,York (town) (Upper Canada) 1841,Hastings and 4th York (Canada West) 18433rd term* Rouvillede Salaberry, Melchior-AlphonseSeat became vacant on January 1, 1842, when de Salaberry was appointed Clerk of the Court, district of Richelieu, an office of profit under the Crown; defeated in the subsequent by-election.National Assembly of Quebec: Melchior-Alphonse d'Irumberry de Salaberryp. 59, note (38) Unionist18411st term Government supporter Walker, William (1842) "British" Tory18421st term Franchère, Timothée (1843) French-Canadian Group18431st term SaguenayParent, ÉtienneResigned on October 14, 1842 to take appointment as Clerk to the Executive Council.National Assembly of Quebec: Étienne Parentp. 59, note (43) Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group Morin, Augustine-Norbert (1842) French-Canadian Group1830,Bellechasse 1841,Nicolet 18424th term* Saint HyacintheBoutillier, ThomasAnti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group Saint MauriceTurcotte, Joseph-ÉdouardRequired to resign seat on December 6, 1841, on accepting an offices of profit under the Crown, translator of laws and later appointment as secretary to the Commission on Seigneurial Tenure; re-elected in subsequent by-election.National Assembly of Quebec: Joseph-Édouard Turcottep. 59, note (45) Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group SheffordFoster, Sewell Unionist18411st term "British" Tory SherbrookeHale, Edward Unionist18411st term "British" Tory Sherbrooke CountyMoore, John Unionist1834, 18412nd term Government supporter "British" member StansteadChild, Marcus Unionist1829, 1834, 18413rd term* Government supporter "British" member TerrebonneMcCulloch, Michael Unionist18411st term "British" Tory Three RiversOgden, Charles Richard Unionist1814, 1826, 18418th term* Government supporter Two MountainsRobertson, ColinDied in office, February 4, 1842.National Assembly of Quebec: Colin Robertson.p. 59, note (48) Unionist18411st term Government supporter Forbes, Charles John (1842) "British" Tory18421st term VaudreuilSimpson, John Unionist1824,York 18412nd term* "British" Tory VerchèresDesrivières, HenriResigned on November 6, 1841, to allow James Leslie to stand as a candidate.p. 60, note (50)National Assembly of Quebec: Henri Desrivières. Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group James Leslie (1841) French-Canadian Group1824, 18415th term* YamaskaBarthe, Joseph-Guillaume Anti-unionist18411st term French-Canadian Group Canada West Members elected in the general election The following members were elected to the Legislative Assembly from Canada West in the 1841 general election. Riding Member Party First elected/previously elected No. of terms BrockvilleSherwood, George Unionist18411st term Compact Tory BytownDerbishire, Stewart Unionist18411st term Moderate Reformer CarletonJohnston, James Unionist18411st term Compact Tory CornwallChesley, Solomon Yeomans Unionist18411st term Compact Tory DundasCook, John Unionist18304th term Reformer DurhamWilliams, John Tucker Unionist18411st term Reformer Independent EssexPrince, John Unionist18362nd term Independent FrontenacSmith, Sir Henry Unionist18411st term Tory GlengarryMacdonald, John Sandfield Unionist18411st term Moderate Tory Reformer GrenvilleCrane, Samuel Unionist18411st term Reformer HaldimandThompson, David Unionist18411st term Reformer Halton EastHopkins, Caleb Anti-unionist1828, 1834, 18413rd term* Ultra-Reformer Halton WestDurand, James Jr. Anti-unionist1834, 18412nd term* Ultra-Reformer HamiltonMacNab, Sir Allan Unionist18304th term Compact Tory HastingsBaldwin, RobertVacated seat September 16, 1842, on being appointed Attorney General for Canada West, an office of profit under the Crown. Defeated in the subsequent by-election in Hastings. Elected in by-election in Rimouski riding, Canada East, January 1843.p. 59 note (10) Anti-unionist1829,York (town) 18412nd term* Ultra-Reformer Murney, Edmund (1842) Moderate Reformer1836, 18422nd term* HuronStrachan, James McGillStrachan was originally declared the winner of the seat and participated in the early business of the Assembly, but the election was overturned for irregularities; the other candidate, William "Tiger" Dunlop, was declared the winner of the election and sat as the member until the end of the first Parliament.Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, 1st Parliament, 1st Session, 1841, p. 387.p. 59, note (12)Anette Stewart, "The 1841 election of Dr. William Dunlop as member of parliament for Huron County", Ontario History, XXXIX (1947), 51–62. Unionist18411st term Moderate Tory Dunlop, William "Tiger" (1841) Moderate Tory18411st term KentWoods, Joseph Unionist18411st term Compact Tory Kingston Manahan, AnthonyVacated seat on June 14, 1841, on being appointed Collector of Customs for Toronto, an office of profit under the Crown.p. 59, note (14) Moderate Reformer18362nd term Harrison, Samuel Bealey (1841) Moderate Reformer18411st term LanarkCameron, Malcolm Unionist18362nd term Moderate Reformer LeedsMorris, James Unionist18372nd term Moderate Reformer Lennox and AddingtonCartwright, John Solomon Unionist18362nd term Compact Tory Lincoln NorthMerritt, William Hamilton Unionist18324th term Moderate Reformer Lincoln SouthThorburn, David Unionist18353rd term Moderate Reformer LondonKillaly, Hamilton HartleyVacated seat December 21, 1841, on being appointed Chairman of Board of Works, an office of profit under the Crown.p. 59, note (18) Unionist18411st term Moderate Reformer Lawrason, Lawrence (1844) Compact Tory18441st term MiddlesexParke, ThomasVacated seat on June 7, 1841, on being appointed Surveyor-General, an office of profit under the Crown. Re-elected in a by-election on July 10, 1841.pp. 59 note (19), 73 Unionist18343rd term Moderate Reformer NiagaraCampbell, Edward C.Campbell was originally declared the winner of the seat and sat in the Assembly for the 1841 session, but the election was overturned in 1842. The other candidate, Henry John Boulton, was declared the winner of the election and sat as the member until the end of the First Parliament.p. 59, notes (24), (25)Journals of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada, from the 8th day of September to the 12th day of October, in the year of Our Lord 1842, pp. 37–38 (September 26, 1842). Unionist18411st term Moderate Tory Boulton, Henry John (1842) Moderate Reformer1830, 18422nd term* NorfolkPowell, Israel Wood Unionist18411st term Moderate Reformer Northumberland NorthGilchrist, John Unionist1834, 18412nd term* Moderate Reformer Northumberland SouthBoswell, George M.J. Unionist18411st term Moderate Reformer OxfordHincks, Francis Anti-Unionist18411st term Ultra-Reformer PrescottMcDonald, Donald Unionist18411st term Moderate Reformer Prince EdwardRoblin, John Philip Unionist1830, 18413rd term* Moderate Reformer RussellDraper, William HenryVacated seat April 10, 1843, on being appointed to the Legislative Council.p. 59 note (41) Unionist18362nd term Moderate Tory Stewart, William (1843) Moderate Tory18431st term SimcoeSteele, Elmes Yelverton Unionist18411st term Moderate Reformer StormontMcLean, Alexander Unionist18372nd term Moderate Tory Toronto(District represented by two members)Buchanan, IsaacResigned seat January 2, 1843.p. 59 note (46) Unionist18411st term Moderate Reformer Dunn, John Henry Unionist18411st term Moderate Reformer Sherwood, Henry (1843) Moderate Tory1836,Brockville 18432nd term* WentworthSmith, Harmannus Unionist1834, 18412nd term* Moderate Reformer 1st YorkJames Hervey Price Unionist18411st term Moderate Reformer 2nd YorkGeorge DugganConservative18411st term 3rd YorkJames Edward SmallReformer18392nd term 4th York Baldwin, RobertRobert Baldwin was elected in both Hastings and 4th York; Louis Hippolyte LaFontaine was elected in a by-election in 4th York.Reformer1829,York (town) 18412nd term* Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine (1842)Reformer1830,Terrebonne (Lower Canada) 18423rd term* By-Elections By-elections and election petitions during the First Parliament Canada East The following members were elected in by-elections during the First Parliament. The party affiliations are based on the biographies of individual members given by the National Assembly of Quebec, as well as votes in the Legislative Assembly.43–45, 59–60 Riding Members Elected in By-Elections Reason for Vacancy By-election date Party Beauharnois Wakefield, Edward Gibbon Incumbent resigned following appointment as Warden, Trinity House, Montreal November 9, 1842 French-Canadian Group, then "British" Tory Bellechasse Turgeon, Abraham Incumbent resigned following appointment as Registrar, district of Rimouski June 6, 1842 French-Canadian Group Chambly Lacoste, Louis Incumbent resigned seat October 23, 1843 French-Canadian Group Champlain Judah, Henry Incumbent appointed to Legislative Council September 22, 1843 French-Canadian Group Leinster De Witt, Jacob Incumbent resigned to take appointment as District Registrar of Leinster August 8, 1842 French-Canadian Group Montreal(1843) Beaubien, Pierre Incumbent resigned to protest movement of provincial seat of government from Kingston to Montreal November 22, 1843 French-Canadian Group Montreal(1844) Drummond, Lewis Thomas Incumbent resigned to return to work at Bank of Montreal April 17, 1844 French-Canadian Group Montreal County Jobin, André Seat vacated when incumbent appointed Clerk of the Crown, Montreal Sessions of the Peace, a civil service position October 26, 1843 French-Canadian Group Nicolet Viger, Louis-Michel Incumbent appointed to the bench February 15, 1842 French-Canadian Group Ottawa County Papineau, Denis-Benjamin Incumbent appointed to the bench August 17, 1842 French-Canadian Group Portneuf Aylwin, Thomas Cushing Ministerial by-election, triggered by appointment as Solicitor-General of Canada East October 20, 1842 French Canadian group Quebec City Chabot, Jean Incumbent resigned on bankruptcy September 18, 1843 French-Canadian Group Rimouski Baldwin, Robert Incumbent resigned to allow Baldwin to stand for election January 30, 1843 Ultra Reformer Rouville (1842) Walker, William Incumbent accepted office of profit under the Crown; Walker won subsequent ministerial by-election July 7, 1842 "British" Tory Rouville (1843) Franchère, Timothée Incumbent resigned due to ill-health September 25, 1843 French-Canadian Group Saguenay Morin, Augustine-Norbert Incumbent resigned to take government position November 28, 1842 French-Canadian Group Saint Maurice Turcotte, Joseph-Édouard Required to resign seat on accepting two offices of profit under the Crown; re-elected in by-election July 8, 1842 French-Canadian Group Two Mountains Forbes, Charles John Death of incumbent April 18, 1842 "British" Tory Verchères James Leslie Resignation of incumbent to allow Leslie to stand for election December 28, 1841 French-Canadian Group Canada West The following members were elected in by-elections during the First Parliament, or installed as a result of election petitions challenging an election.   indicated seats changed hands DivisionMember pirorMembers electedReason for VacancyDate Hastings  Baldwin, RobertReformer Murney, Edmund Tory Acceptance of an office of profit under the Crown (ministerial by-election) - Attorney General for Upper CanadaBaldwin along with LaFontaine were appointed to Executive Council on 16th September 1842 and invited to form ministry. Murney's victory led another byelection (Rimouski, Canada East) for Baldwin to enter the legislature. November 4, 1842 HuronStrachan, James McGillTory Dunlop, William "Tiger" Tory Incumbent's election overturned on election petition August 20, 1841 KingstonManahan, AnthonyReformer Harrison, Samuel Bealey Reformer Acceptance of an office of profit under the Crown - Collector of Customs for Toronto July 1, 1841 LondonKillaly, Hamilton HartleyReformer Killaly, Hamilton Hartley Reformer Acceptance of an office of profit under the Crown (ministerial by-election) - Chairman of the Board of Works, December 21, 1842 September 28, 1842 MiddlesexParke, ThomasReformer Parke, Thomas Reformer Acceptance of an office of profit under the Crown (ministerial by-election) - Surveyor-General,office held outside of the Executive Council June 7, 1841 July 10, 1841Niagara  Campbell, Edward C.Tory Boulton, Henry John Reformer Incumbent's election overturned on election petition with Boulton declared elected. September 26, 1842 RussellDraper, William HenryTory Stewart, William Tory Appointment of incumbent to the Legislative Council September 14, 1843 Toronto  Buchanan, IsaacReformer Sherwood, Henry Tory Resignation March 6, 1843 4th York Baldwin, RobertReformer Louis-Hippolyte Lafontaine Reformer Resignation of Incumbent (who was also elected in Hastings) September 21, 1841 Notes References Bibliography Cornell, P.G., Underhill, F.H., Brown G.W., and Careless J.M.S., Upper Canadian politics in the 1850s, (Toronto: University of Toronto Press, 1967). Yeigh Frank https://digitalcollections.ucalgary.ca/asset-management/2R3BF1OG0XPCN Ontario's parliament buildings; or, A century of legislation, 1792–1892 : a historical sketch Williamson Book Co. 1893 Toronto, Ontario External links A History of the Vote in Canada (2nd edition) Category:1841 in Canada 01 Category:Riots and civil disorder in Canada