(410777) 2009 FD

Asteroid October 2019 yes (410777) 2009 FD #FFC2E0 2009 FD.png Arecibo Observatory radar images of 2009 FD Spacewatch Kitt Peak National Obs. 24 February 2009 (410777) 2009 FD Apollo NEO PHA 3 July 2013 (JD 2456476.5) 0 6.77 yr (2,471 days) 1.7361 AU 0.5896 AU 1.1629 AU 0.4929 1.25 yr (458 days) 98.579° 0.7860 ms / day 3.1366° 9.5523° 281.24° 1 0.0025 AU (1 LD) 0.113 km (calculated) 0.150 kmlcdb-Naidu-2015d 0.472 km Primary: 120–180 m Secondary: 60–120 m 8.3 10 kg (assumed) 2.5 h (at least)lcdb-Naidu-2015d 4.0 h 5.87 0.02 h 6.22 0.41 h 0.01 0.20 (assumed) C S (assumed) 22.1 (410777) 2009 FD is a carbonaceous sub-kilometer asteroid and binary system, classified as a near-Earth object and potentially hazardous asteroid of the Apollo group, discovered on 24 February 2009 by astronomers of the Spacewatch program at Kitt Peak National Observatory near Tucson, Arizona, in the United States. Until 2019, the asteroid's modelled orbit placed it at risk of a possible future collision with Earth in 2185. With a Palermo scale rating of -0.44, it had the fifth highest impact threatpalermo of all known asteroids based on its estimated diameter, kinetic yield, impact probability, and time interval. Observations in 2019 extended the observation arc by four years and detected a favourable Yarkovsky effect, which ruled out impact in 2185. Using observations from 16 November 2020, the asteroid was removed from the Sentry risk table on 19 November 2020. Discovery thumb|left|2009 FD imaged by the Very Large Telescope in November 2013 2009 FD was initially announced as discovered on 16 March 2009 by La Sagra Sky Survey. Because there were previous observations found in images taken by the Spacewatch survey some 3 weeks prior, on 24 February 2009, the Minor Planet Center assigned the discovery credit to Spacewatch under the discovery assignment rules. 2009 FD made a close pass to Earth on 27 March 2009 at a distance of 0.004172 AU km mi on onNear Earth Asteroid 2009 FD - whilst you were sleeping! (ice in space) and another on 24 October 2010 at 0.0702 AU. 2009 FD was recovered at apparent magnitude 23visibility on 30 November 2013 by Cerro Paranal Observatory, several months before the close approach of April 2014 when it passed 0.1 AU from Earth. It brightened to roughly apparent magnitude 19.3 around mid-March 2014. One radar Doppler observation of 2009 FD was made in 2014. The October–November 2015 Earth approach was studied by the Goldstone Deep Space Network. Binary NASA's Near Earth Program originally estimated its size to be 130 metres in diameter based on an assumed albedo of 0.15. This gave it an estimated mass of around 2,800,000 tonnes. But work by Amy Mainzer using NEOWISE data in 2014 showed that it could be as large as 472 metres with an albedo as low as 0.01. Because 2009 FD (K09F00D) was only detected in two (W1+W2) of the four wavelengths the suspected NEOWISE diameter is more of an upper limit. Radar observations in 2015 showed it to be a binary asteroid. The primary is 120–180 meters in diameter and the secondary is 60–120 meters in diameter. Future approaches The JPL Small-Body Database shows that 2009 FD will make two very close approaches in the late 22nd century, in 2185 and 2190. As of 2016, the approach of 29 March 2185 had a 1 in 710 chance of impacting Earth. The nominal 2185 Earth approach distance was 0.009 AU km mi on off. Orbit determination for 2190 is complicated by the 2185 close approach. The precise distance that it will pass from Earth and the Moon on 29 March 2185 will determine the 30 March 2190 distance. 2009 FD should pass closer to the Moon than Earth on 29 March 2185. An impact by 2009 FD would cause severe devastation to a large region or tsunamis of significant size.http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/40/2493218.pdf How a Near-Earth Object Impact Might Affect Society 9 January 2003 Clark R. Chapman OECD 14 November 2018 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20050217164636/http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/18/40/2493218.pdf 17 February 2005 Past Earth-impact estimates In January 2011, near-Earth asteroid 2009 FD (with observations through 7 December 2010) was listed on the JPL Sentry Risk Table with a 1 in 435 chance of impacting Earth on 29 March 2185. In 2014 (with observations through 5 February 2014, creating an observation arc of 1807 days) the potential 2185 impact was ruled out. Using the 2014 observations, the Yarkovsky effect has become more significant than the position uncertainties. The Yarkovsky effect has resulted in the 2185 virtual impactor returning. While 2009 FD was estimated to be 470 meters in diameter, it was rated −0.40 on the Palermo scale, placing it higher on the Sentry Risk Table than any other known object at the time.http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/ Sentry Risk Table NASA Near-Earth Object Program 8 June 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20160121035736/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/ 21 January 2016 dead On 14 June 2019, Alessio Del Vigna and colleagues published a new analysis, which incorporates astrometry taken in 2019. Using both JPL's Sentry as well as NEODyS's CLOMON-2 system, the new data allowed a 4-sigma detection of the Yarkovsky effect at +3.6 0.9 -3 AU/Myr. The 2019 observations extended the observation arc from six years to ten years. This ruled out the 2185 impact possibility, leaving the potential impact in 2190 as the only theoretically possible impact until 2250, at a very low probability of 1 in 100 million. On 19 November 2020, the asteroid was finally completely removed from the sentry risk table as all possible impacts, including 2190 and 2250, were ruled out. See also List of asteroid close approaches to Earth, for other close approaches Notes lcdb-Naidu-2015d Naidu, S. (2015) from observations taken in November 2015: Per private communication with the LCDB. Rotation period of at least 2.5 hours. Diameter estimate of 0.150 kilometers. Summary figures for (410777) at the LCDB visibility At an apparent magnitude of 23, 2009 FD was roughly 4 million times fainter than can be seen with the naked eye.Math: palermo Behind: 99942 Apophis @ 1.10, (89959) 2002 NT 7 @ 0.18, (29075) 1950 DA @ 0.17, (144898) 2004 VD 17 @ -0.25 References 2015-12-01 last obs. JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 410777 (2009 FD) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2410777 https://web.archive.org/web/20191216204125/https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2410777 dead 16 December 2019 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 30 January 2018 410777 (2009 FD) Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=410777 30 January 2018 MPEC 2009-F09 : 2009 FD IAU Minor Planet Center 2009-03-17 https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K09/K09F09.html 2013-01-09 (K09F00D) MPEC 2010-U20 : Editorial Notice IAU Minor Planet Center 2010-10-19 https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/mpec/K10/K10U20.html 2014-12-29 Asteroids with Satellites Database – (410777) 2009 FD Johnston's Archive 27 November 2015 Johnston, Wm. Robert http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/astmoons/am-410777.html 30 January 2018 Earth Impact Risk Summary: 2009 FD NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office https://cneos.jpl.nasa.gov/sentry/details.html#?des=410777 https://web.archive.org/web/20160118111518/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/a410777.html#?des=410777 January 18, 2016 live 2014-05-01 (410777) 2009FD NEODyS (Near Earth Objects Dynamic Site) https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?pc=1.1.2&n=2009FD 2014-05-01 (https://archive.today/20140501163532/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ip?2.64e-3 2.64e-3 = 1 in 379 chance) last observation: 2014-04-07; arc: 5.11 years JPL Close-Approach Data: (2009 FD) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2009FD;cad=1#cad https://archive.today/20131219094659/http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2009FD;cad=1%23cad 19 December 2013 dead 2014-05-01 2009 FD Ephemerides for 1 April 2014 NEODyS (Near Earth Objects Dynamic Site) https://newton.spacedys.com/neodys/index.php?pc=1.1.3.1&n=2009FD&oc=500&y0=2014&m0=2&d0=25&h0=0&mi0=0&y1=2014&m1=4&d1=6&h1=0&mi1=0&ti=1.0&tiu=days 2013-12-17 2011-01-11 computed on 14 December 2010 Earth Impact Risk Summary: 2009 FD (arc=650 days) Wayback Machine: JPL http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/2009fd.html 2014-02-14 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20110111142013/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/2009fd.html 11 January 2011 (https://archive.today/20140214144606/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/cgi-bin/ip?2.3e-03 2.3e-03 = 1 in 435 chance) 2014-02-10 computed on 7 February 2014 Earth Impact Risk Summary: 2009 FD (arc=1807 days) Wayback Machine: JPL http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/2009fd.html 2014-05-01 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140210154919/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/2009fd.html 10 February 2014 2014-03-17 Goldstone Asteroid Schedule NASA/JPL Asteroid Radar Research Dr. Lance A. M. Benner http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/goldstone_asteroid_schedule.html https://web.archive.org/web/19961119092614/http://echo.jpl.nasa.gov/asteroids/goldstone_asteroid_schedule.html dead 1996-11-19 2014-03-21 6 A. Mainzer J. Bauer T. Grav J. Masiero R. M. Cutri E. Wright C. R. Nugent R. Stevenson E. Clyne G. Cukrov F. Masci April 2014 The Population of Tiny Near-Earth Objects Observed by NEOWISE The Astrophysical Journal 784 2 27 2014ApJ...784..110M 10.1088/0004-637X/784/2/110 1310.2980 45559179 (listed as K09F00D) Sentry Notes NASA/JPL Near-Earth Object Program Office http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/notes.shtml https://web.archive.org/web/20110216072654/http://neo.jpl.nasa.gov/risk/notes.shtml dead 2011-02-16 2014-05-01 Spoto, F. Milani, A. Farnocchia, D. Chesley, S. R. Micheli Valsecchi Perna Hainaut Non-gravitational Perturbations and Virtual Impactors: the case of asteroid 2009 FD Astronomy & Astrophysics 572 A100 1408.0736 10.1051/0004-6361/201424743 free 2014 2014A&A...572A.100S 55524612 (410777) 2009 FD Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams 2015-11-19 http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/004100/CBET004191.txt https://web.archive.org/web/20160304194434/http://www.cbat.eps.harvard.edu/iau/cbet/004100/CBET004191.txt dead 2016-03-04 2017-07-09 Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (410777) 2009 FD Behrend Raoul Geneva Observatory http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page5cou.html#09f00d 30 January 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181111134209/http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page5cou.html#09f00d 11 November 2018 dead 410777 30 January 2018 6 Bruce W. Koehn Edward G. Bowell Brian A. Skiff Jason J. Sanborn Kyle P. McLelland Petr Pravec Brian D. Warner October 2014 Lowell Observatory Near-Earth Asteroid Photometric Survey (NEAPS) - 2009 January through 2009 June The Minor Planet Bulletin 41 4 286–300 1052-8091 2014MPBu...41..286K Carbognani, Albino January 2011 Lightcurves and Periods of Eighteen NEAs and MBAs The Minor Planet Bulletin 38 1 57–63 1052-8091 2011MPBu...38...57C Del Vigna, A. Roa, J. Farnocchia, D. Micheli, M. Guerra, F. Spoto, F. Valsecchi, G. B. Yarkovsky effect detection and updated impact hazard assessment for near-Earth asteroid (410777) 2009 FD 14 June 2019 Astronomy & Astrophysics 627 L11 1906.05696 10.1051/0004-6361/201936075 2019A&A...627L..11D 189762523 External links Planetary Radar Science Group https://web.archive.org/web/20021120214025/http://www.naic.edu/~pradar/ 20 November 2002 ESA/ESO Collaboration Successfully Tracks Its First Potentially Threatening Near-Earth Object (ESO 21 January 2014) 410777 410777 2009FD 410777 410777 410777 410777 410777 410777 410777 410777 Category:Near-Earth objects in 2014 20090224