1 Chronicles 24

First Book of Chronicles, chapter 24 1 Chronicles 24 1 Chronicles 23 chapter 23 1 Chronicles 25 chapter 25 Books of Chronicles Old Testament 13 Ketuvim Leningrad-codex-14-chronicles.pdf 250px The complete Hebrew text of the Books of Chronicles (1 and 2 Chronicles) in the Leningrad Codex (1008 CE). 1 Chronicles 24 is the twenty-fourth chapter of the Books of Chronicles in the Hebrew Bible or the First Book of Chronicles in the Old Testament of the Christian Bible.Ackroyd 1993 113Mathys 2007 268 The book is compiled from older sources by an unknown person or group, designated by modern scholars as "the Chronicler", and had the final shape established in late fifth or fourth century BCE.Ackroyd 1993 113–114 This chapter records the organization and departments of priests (verses 1–19) and a list of non-priestly Levites (verses 20–31).Mathys 2007 280 The whole chapter belongs to the section focusing on the kingship of David (1 Chronicles 9:35 to 29:30),Ackroyd 1993 113 which from chapter 22 to the end does not have any parallel in 2 Samuel.Mathys 2007 279 Text This chapter was originally written in the Hebrew language. It is divided into 31 verses. Textual witnesses Some early manuscripts containing the text of this chapter in Hebrew are of the Masoretic Text tradition, which includes the Aleppo Codex (10th century), and Codex Leningradensis (1008).Würthwein 1995 35-37 Extant manuscripts of a Koine Greek translation known as the Septuagint, made in the last few centuries BCE, include Codex Vaticanus (B; B; 4th century), Codex Alexandrinus (A; A; 5th century) and Codex Marchalianus (Q; Q; 6th century).Würthwein 1995 73–74The extant Codex Sinaiticus only contains 1 Chronicles 9:27–19:17.Würthwein Ernst Der Text des Alten Testaments Deutsche Bibelgesellschaft 2nd Stuttgart 1988 85 3-438-06006-XSwete Henry Barclay Henry Barclay Swete An Introduction to the Old Testament in Greek Macmillan and Co. Cambridge 1902 https://archive.org/stream/anintrotooldtes00swetuoft#page/128/mode/2up 129–130Codex Sinaiticus David organizes the priests (24:1–19) This section details the organization of the priests, the highest branch of the Levites, in a more advanced and systematic manner than anywhere else in the Hebrew Bible and was adhered rigidly until the Roman period (cf. Luke 1:5).Mathys 2007 280Coogan 2007 610 Hebrew Bible Lists of the priestly families also found partially in 1 Chronicles 9:10–1 Chronicles 9:13 9 13; Nehemiah 10:2–8 9; Nehemiah 12:1–7 9; Nehemiah 12:12–21 9.Cambridge Bible for Schools and Colleges. 1 Chronicles 24. Accessed 28 April 2019. Verse 1 Now these are the divisions of the sons of Aaron. The sons of Aaron; Nadab, and Abihu, Eleazar, and Ithamar.1 Chronicles 24:1 KJV KJV Among the four sons of Aaron (Exodus 6:23 9), Nadab and Abihu died without children (verse 2); and the other two had to supply the "chief men of the house", of which Eleazar had sixteen, and Ithamar eight (verse 4).Exell, Joseph S.; Spence-Jones, Henry Donald Maurice (Editors). On "1 Chronicles 24". In: The Pulpit Commentary. 23 volumes. First publication: 1890. Accessed 24 April 2019. Verse 3 And David distributed them, both Zadok of the sons of Eleazar, and Ahimelech of the sons of Ithamar, according to their offices in their service.1 Chronicles 24:3 KJV KJV Of the two priestly families (1 Chronicles 15:11; 1 Chronicles 18:16-17 9; 1 Chronicles 25:1 9; cf. 2 Samuel 8:16–18 9), Zadok represented the family of Eleazar, and Ahimelech represented the family of Ithamar,Coogan 2007 611 Hebrew Bible to help David organizing the priests.Mathys 2007 280 The Chronicler emphasizes the equal treatment of the two groups in the passage (cf 24:31; 26:13) using a procedure of drawing lots (verse 5), also in 1 Chronicles (24:31; 25:8; 26:13) and elsewhere (for examples. Nehemiah 10:35), to indicate God's hand in the distribution of the personnel.Mathys 2007 280 List of the priestly divisions Priestly divisions Verse Division !English name Hebrew name Greek name Note 1 Chronicles 24:7 9 71st Jehoiaribhe יה֣וֹיָרִ֔יבgrc Ἰωαρίμ1 Chronicles 9:10. In Talmud Arakhin 11b Rabbi Yosei ben Halafta states that when Solomon's Temple was burnt on the ninth of Ab [586 BCE] the 'priestly guard' was of Jehoiarib division, and they were singing Psalm 94, but only to the first half of Psalm 94:23 9 (until "their own wickedness") before 'the enemies came and overwhelmed them'. Mattathias ben Johanan was a descendant of Jehoiarib according to 1 Maccabees 2:1 9.Mathys 2007 2802nd Jedaiahhe ידַעְיָ֖הgrc Ἰεδίᾳ1 Chronicles 9:10; one fragment of Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q325; "Mishmarot D") mentions: The beginning of the se[cond] month is [on the si]xth [day] of the course of Jedaiah. On the second of the month is the Sabbath of the course of Harim....Wise Abegg Cook 1996 317 1 Chronicles 24:8 9 83rd Harim he חָרִם֙grc ΧαρὶβNehemiah 10:5; Nehemiah 12:15, possibly "Rehum" in Nehemiah 12:3; one fragment of Dead Sea Scrolls (4Q325; "Mishmarot D") mentions: The beginning of the se[cond] month is [on the si]xth [day] of the course of Jedaiah. On the second of the month is the Sabbath of the course of Harim....Wise Abegg Cook 1996 3174th Seorim he שְׂעֹרִ֖יםgrc ΣεωρὶμMeaning "barley" or "bearded"; Latin: Barbatus. Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.Urbach 1973, pp. 304–327 1 Chronicles 24:9 9 95th Malchijah he מַלְכִּיָּה֙grc ΜελχίᾳNehemiah 10:3, Nehemiah 12:42; other mentions: 1 Chronicles 9:12, Nehemiah 11:12; Jeremiah 21:1; Jeremiah 38:1. Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence. Another Malchijah, an Israelitish layman, was in Nehemiah 3:11 and Ezra 10:25.6th Mijaminhe מִיָּמִ֖ןgrc ΜεϊαμὶνNehemiah 10:7; Nehemiah 12:5; "Minjamin" in Nehemiah 12:17 Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence. Verse 101 Chronicles 24:10 9 107th Hakkozhe הַקּוֹץ֙grc ΚὼςEzra 2:61; Nehemiah 3:4, 21. Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.8th Abijahhe אֲבִיָּ֖הgrc ἈβίᾳNehemiah 10:7; Nehemiah 12:4, 17. Zechariah, the father of John the Baptist, was of the course of Abijah (Luke 1:5; also spelled as "Abia"). Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence. 1 Chronicles 24:11 9 119th Jeshuahe יֵשׁ֙וּעַ֙grc ἸησοῦEzra 3:2; Ezra 5:2.This Hebrew name is rendered as grc Ἰησοῦς in Greek, and as "Jesus" in English. Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.10th Shecaniah he שְׁכַנְיָ֖הוּgrc ΣεχενίᾳNehemiah 12:3; possibly "Shebaniah" in Nehemiah 10:4, Nehemiah 12:14. also in 1 Chronicles 3:21Ellicott, C. J. (Ed.) (1905). Ellicott's Bible Commentary for English Readers. 1 Chronicles 24. London : Cassell and Company, Limited, [1905-1906] Online version: (OCoLC) 929526708. Accessed 28 April 2019. Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence. 1 Chronicles 24:12 9 1211th Eliashibhe אֶלְיָשִׁיב֙grc ἘλιαβὶNehemiah 13:4-7; also 1 Chronicles 3:24. Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.12th Jakim he יָקִ֖יםgrc ἸακὶμEquivalent to Eliakim and Jecamiah (1 Chronicles 8:19). Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence. 1 Chronicles 24:13 9 1313th Huppah he חֻפָּה֙grc ὈπφᾷAnother use as "covering, canopy" in Isaiah 4:5; probably the same as "Huppim" in 1 Chronicles 7:12. Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence.14th Jeshebeab he יֶֽשֶׁבְאָ֖בgrc ἸεσβαὰλSpelled in LXX as grc Ιεσβααλ or grc Ισβααλ, Eshbaal, "man of Baal"; Vulgate has "Isbaab." Listed in the Yemeni inscription with the division number and place of residence. 1 Chronicles 24:14 9 1415th Bilgah he בִלְגָּה֙grc ΒελγᾷNehemiah 12:5; "Bilgai" in Nehemiah 10:816th Immerhe אִמֵּ֖רgrc Ἐμμὴρ1 Chronicles 9:12; Ezra 2:37; Jeremiah 20:1. 1 Chronicles 24:15 9 1517th Hezir he חֵזִיר֙grc ΧηζὶνListed in the Caesarea inscription with the division number and place of residence.Avi-Yonah 1962 139 Mentioned as a name of a layman in Nehemiah 10:20.18th Happizzezhe הַפִּצֵּ֖ץgrc Ἀφεσὴ Listed in the Caesarea inscription with the division number and place of residence.Avi-Yonah 1962 139 Spelled in LXX as grc Αφεσση, in Vulgate as "Aphses;" in Syriac and Arabic as "Phasin." 1 Chronicles 24:16 9 1619th Pethahiahhe פְתַחְיָה֙grc ΦεταίᾳEzra 10:23; Nehemiah 9:5 Listed in the Caesarea inscription with the division number and place of residence.Avi-Yonah 1962 139 20th Jehezkelhe יחֶזְקֵ֖אלgrc ἘζεκὴλListed in the Caesarea inscription with the division number and place of residence.Avi-Yonah 1962 139 1 Chronicles 24:17 9 1721st Jachinhe יָכִין֙grc Ἀχὶμ1 Chronicles 9:10; Nehemiah 11:10 Other mentions: Genesis 46:10; 1 Kings 7:21. The same name as Jehoiachin. probably "Achim" in Matthew 1:1422nd Gamulhe גָמ֖וּלgrc ΓαμοὺλAnother use as "weaned" in Isaiah 11:8. 1 Chronicles 24:18 9 1823rd Delaiahhe דְלָיָ֙הוּ֙grc Ἀδαλλαὶ1 Chronicles 3:24; Nehemiah 6:10; Nehemiah 7:62; Ezra 2:60.; spelled with the addition of a shurek (he וּ) in Jeremiah 36:12, 25.24th Maaziahhe מַֽעַזְיָ֖הוּgrc ΜαασαὶNehemiah 10:8; probably "Maadiah" in Nehemiah 12:5. Remaining Levite assignments (24:20–31) This section contains the list of Levites which overlaps with the one in 1 Chronicles 23:7–23 9. The Levites had similar rotation schedule as the priests (verse 31),Coogan 2007 611 Hebrew Bible and used the same system of drawing lots as the priests with almost the same witnesses, indicating that the Levites are considered as important as the priests.Mathys 2007 280 Document witnesses for priestly divisions Josephus wrote that David divided the Levites into twenty-four courses, sixteen of the house of Eleazar and eight of the house of Ithamar and he ordained each course to minister eight days, from Sabbath to Sabbath (Antiquities 7.14.7).Whiston, William. "The Work of Josephus", p. 208; apud "The 24 Priestly Courses" at Torahcalendar.com. Babylonian Talmud has a statement by Rabbi Hama ben Guria that "Moses instituted for Israel eight Mishmaroth ("priestly divisions")—four from [the family of] Eleazar and four from [the family of] Ithamar; Samuel increased them to sixteen; David increased them to twenty four" (Taanith 27a).Rabbi Dr. I. Epstein, translator. "The Babylonian Talmud". The Soncino Press. New York, 1990; apud Torahcalendar.com. After the Temple destruction in 70 CE, there was a custom of publicly recalling the courses of the priests every Sabbath, a practice that reinforced the prestige of the priests' lineage.Robert Bonfil, Jews in Byzantium: Dialectics of Minority and Majority Cultures, Brill: Leiden 2012, p. 42 978-9-004-20355-6 A manuscript discovered in the Cairo Geniza, dated 1034 CE, records a customary formula recited weekly in the synagogues, during the Sabbath day: "Today is the holy Sabbath, the holy Sabbath unto the Lord; this day, which is the course? [Appropriate name] is the course. May the Merciful One return the course to its place soon, in our days. Amen."Bodleian Library, Oxford Ms. Heb. 2738/6, fol. 899 in Vardaman, E. Jerry and Garrett, J.L., The Teacher's Yoke, Waco TX 1964 After which, they would recount the number of years that have passed since the destruction of Jerusalem, and conclude with the words: "May the Merciful One build his house and sanctuary, and let them say Amen." Three stone inscriptions were discovered bearing the names of the priestly wards, their order and the name of the locality to which they had moved after the destruction of the Second Temple: 1. In 1920, a marble stone inscription was found in Ashkelon showing a partial list of the priestly wards, attesting to the existence of such plaques, perhaps mounted to the walls of synagogues. Caesarea 1962 2. In 1962 three small fragments of one Hebrew stone inscription, dated to the 3rd/4th centuries, were found in Caesarea Maritima, bearing the partial names of places associated with the priestly courses (the rest of which had been reconstructed) as follows:Avi-Yonah 1962 137–139Avi-Yonah Michael The Caesarea Inscription of the Twenty-Four Priestly Courses Eretz-Israel: Archaeological, Historical and Geographical Studies L.A. Mayer Memorial Volume (1895-1959) 24–28 23614642 1964 (Hebrew) The 17th course Hezir Ma]mliah The 18th course Hapizzez Nazareth The 19th course Pethahia Akhlah Arab The 20th course Ezekiel Mi]gdal Nunaiya This is the oldest inscription mentioning Nazareth as a location, outside the Bible and pilgrim notes.Avi-Yonah 1962 139 Yemen 1970 3. In 1970 the stone inscription DJE 23 was discovered on a partially buried column in a mosque, in the Yemeni village of Bayt Ḥaḍir, showing ten names of the priestly wards and their respective towns and villages. The Yemeni inscription is the longest roster of names of this sort ever discovered, unto this day. The names legible on the stone column discovered by Walter W. Müller read as follows:Urbach, Ephraim E., Mishmarot u-ma'amadot, Tarbiz (A Quarterly for Jewish Studies) 42, Jerusalem 1973, pp. 304 – 327 (Hebrew); Rainer Degen, An Inscription of the Twenty-Four Priestly Courses from the Yemen, pub. in: Tarbiẕ - A Quarterly for Jewish Studies, Jerusalem 1973, pp. 302–303 English Translation Original Hebrew [Se'orim 'Ayṯoh-lo], fourth ward he שְׂעוֹרִים עיתהלו משמר הרביעי [Malkiah, Beṯ]-Lehem, the fif[th] ward he מַלְכִּיָּה בית לחם משמר החמשי Miyamin, Yudfaṯ (Jotapata), the sixth ward he מִיָמִין יודפת משמר הששי [Haqo]ṣ, 'Ailebu, the seventh ward he הַקּוֹץ עילבו משמר השביעי Aviah 'Iddo, Kefar 'Uzziel, the (eighth) ward he אֲבִיָּה עדו כפר עוזיאל משמר the eighth (ward). Yešūa', Nišdaf-arbel he השמיני יֵשׁוּעַ נשדפארבל the ninth ward he משמר התשיעי Šekhaniyahu, 'Avurah Cabūl, the t[enth] ward he שְׁכַנְיָה עבורה כבול משמר העשירי Eliašīv, Cohen Qanah, the elev[enth] ward he אֶלְיָשִׁיב כהן קנה משמר אחד עשר Yaqīm Pašḥūr, Ṣefaṯ (Safed), the twelf[th] ward he יָקִים פַּשְׁחוּר צפת משמר שנים עשר [Ḥū]ppah, Beṯ-Ma'on, the (thirteenth) ward he חוּפָּה בית מעון משמר שלשה the thirteenth (ward). Yešav'av, Ḥuṣpiṯ Šuḥīn he עשר יֶשֶׁבְאָב חוצפית שוחין the fourteenth wa[rd] he משמר ארבע עשר A seventh-century poet, Eleazar ben Killir, wrote a liturgical poem detailing the 24-priestly wards and their places of residence.Poem entitled, Lamentation for the 9th of Ab, composed in twenty-four stanzas, and the last line of each stanza contains the name of the village where each priestly family lived. Historian and geographer, Samuel Klein (1886–1940), thinks that Killir's poem proves the prevalence of this custom of commemorating the courses in the synagogues of the Land of Israel.Samuel Klein, Barajta der vierundzwanzig Priester Abteilungen (Baraitta of the Twenty-Four Priestly Divisions), in: Beiträge zur Geographie und Geschichte Galiläas, Leipzig 1909 See also 22em Priestly divisions House of David Jerusalem Solomon's Temple Bible Related Bible parts: Exodus 6, Deuteronomy 12, Numbers 3, Numbers 4, Numbers 8, 1 Chronicles 6, Ezra 3, Luke 1 Notes References Sources Ackroyd Peter R Chronicles, Books of Metzger Bruce M Bruce M. Metzger Coogan Michael D The Oxford Companion to the Bible Oxford University Press 1993 978-0-19-504645-8 113–116 Avi-Yonah Michael A List of Priestly Courses from Caesarea Israel Exploration Journal 12 2 137–139 27924896 1962 Bennett William The Expositor's Bible: The Books of Chronicles Litres 2018 978-5-04-082519-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=SZo3DwAAQBAJ Coogan Michael David Michael D. Coogan The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version, Issue 48 Coogan Michael David Marc Zvi Brettler Carol Ann Newsom Pheme Perkins Augmented 3rd Oxford University Press 2007 978-0-19-528881-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=HmpMPgAACAAJ Endres John C. First and Second Chronicles Liturgical Press 2012 https://books.google.com/books?id=mtL0BSEv7i4C 978-0-8146-2844-7 Hill Andrew E. First and Second Chronicles Zondervan 2003 https://books.google.com/books?id=Sv-LEqnF8Y4C 978-0-310-20610-1 Mabie Frederick I. The Chronicler's Genealogical Survey of All Israel 1 and 2 Chronicles The Expositor's Bible Commentary Tremper Longman III David E Garland Zondervan 2017 267–308 978-0-310-53181-4 https://books.google.com/books?id=E8ESDgAAQBAJ December 6, 2019 Mathys H. P. 14. 1 and 2 Chronicles The Oxford Bible Commentary John Barton John Barton (theologian) John Muddiman John Muddiman Oxford University Press first (paperback) 2007 267–308 978-0-19-927718-6 https://books.google.com/books?id=ZJdVkgEACAAJ February 6, 2019 Tuell Steven S. First and Second Chronicles Westminster John Knox Press 2012 978-0-664-23865-0 https://books.google.com/books?id=8RKvdfWsmvEC December 30, 2020 Wise Michael Martin Jr. Abegg Edward Cook The Dead Sea Scrolls: A New Translation Harper San Francisco 1996 0-06-069201-4 296–323 Würthwein Ernst Ernst Würthwein The Text of the Old Testament William B. Eerdmans Grand Rapids, MI 1995 Erroll F. Rhodes 0-8028-0788-7 https://books.google.com/books?id=FSNKSBObCYwC January 26, 2019 External links Jewish translations: Divrei Hayamim I - I Chronicles - Chapter 24 (Judaica Press) translation [with Rashi's commentary] at Chabad.org Christian translations: Online Bible at GospelHall.org (ESV, KJV, Darby, American Standard Version, Bible in Basic English) First Book of Chronicles Chapter 24. Bible Gateway 24