1991 Polish parliamentary election

none Poland 1989 Polish parliamentary election 1989 1993 Polish parliamentary election 1993 yes 1991 10 27 Opinion polling for the 1991 Polish parliamentary election 27,517,280 yes First Term Sejm All 460 seats in the Sejm 231 yes 11,887,949 (43.20%) Democratic Union (Poland) Tadeusz Mazowiecki 12.32 62 Democratic Left Alliance (Poland) Aleksander Kwaśniewski 11.99 60 Catholic Electoral Action Wiesław Chrzanowski 8.74 49 Centre Civic Alliance Jarosław Kaczyński 8.71 44 Polish People's Party Waldemar Pawlak 8.67 48 Confederation for an Independent Poland Leszek Moczulski 7.50 46 Liberal Democratic Congress Donald Tusk 7.49 37 Peasants' Agreement Józef Ślisz 5.47 28 Solidarity Citizens' Committee Marian Krzaklewski 5.05 27 Polish Beer-Lovers' Party Janusz Rewiński 3.27 16 Christian Democracy (Poland) N/A 2.36 5 Real Politics Union Janusz Korwin-Mikke 2.26 3 Labour Solidarity R. Bugaj & K. Modzelewski 2.06 4 Alliance of Democrats (Poland) Aleksander Mackiewicz 1.42 1 German Minority Electoral Committee Henryk Kroll 1.18 7 Party of Christian Democrats Krzysztof Pawłowski 1.12 4 Party X Stanisław Tymiński 0.47 3 Democratic-Social Movement (Poland) Zbigniew Bujak 0.46 1 LPW "Piast""piast" N/A 0.37 1 green Silesian Autonomy Movement Paweł Musioł pl Paweł Musioł (poseł) 0.36 2 yes Senate All 100 seats in the Senate 51 yes yes 11,887,865 (43.20%) Democratic Union (Poland) 16.42 21 Democratic Left Alliance (Poland) 10.61 4 Solidarity Citizens' Committee 9.68 11 Centre Civic Alliance 9.04 9 Catholic Electoral Action 8.71 9 Polish People's Party 7.38 7 Liberal Democratic Congress 6.53 6 Confederation of Independent Poland 4.67 4 Peasants' Agreement 3.14 5 Party of Christian Democrats 2.22 3 Independents 16.18 21 430px Sejm – results by constituency Results of the Sejm election, showing vote strength by gmina.|430px Sejm – results by gmina 430px Sejm – results by voivodeship for each party Government Bielecki cabinet pl Rząd Jana Krzysztofa Bieleckiego KLD–UD—PC–ZChN—SD Government after election Olszewski cabinet PC–ZChN—PSL-PL—SLCh Parliamentary elections were held in Poland on 27 October 1991 to elect deputies to the First Term Sejm and the Senate, the two houses of the National Assembly.Dieter Nohlen & Philip Stöver (2010) Elections in Europe: A data handbook, p. 1491 978-3-8329-5609-7 The 1991 election was notable on several counts. It was the first parliamentary election to be held since the formation of the Third Republic, the first entirely free and competitive legislative election since the fall of communism, the first completely free legislative election of any sort since 1928. Due to the collapse of the Solidarity political wing, the Solidarity Citizens' Committee, the 1991 election saw deep political fragmentation, with a multitude of new parties and alliances emerging in its wake.Millard Francis The Shaping of the Polish Party System, 1989-93 East European Politics & Societies September 1994 8 3 467–494 10.1177/0888325494008003005 Low voting thresholds within individual constituencies, along with a five percent national threshold allocated to a small portion of the Sejm, additionally contributed to party fragmentation.Lundberg Thomas Political Transition in Hungary and Poland http://archive.fairvote.org/reports/1995/chp7/lundberg2.html Voting and Democracy Report: 1995 Center for Voting and Democracy 12 August 2012 As a result, 29 political parties gained entry into the Sejm and 22 in the Senate, with no party holding a decisive majority. Two months of intense coalition negotiations followed, with Jan Olszewski of the Centre Agreement forming a minority government along with the Christian National Union, remnants of the broader Centre Civic Alliance, and the Peasants' Agreement, with conditional support from Polish People's Party, Solidarity list and other minor parties.Jasiewicz Krzysztof From Solidarity to Fragmentation Journal of Democracy 1 January 1992 3 2 55–69 10.1353/jod.1992.0024 http://home.wlu.edu/~JasiewiczK/PDFs/JoD3.2jasiewicz.pdf 12 August 2012 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100818043424/http://home.wlu.edu/~jasiewiczk/PDFs/JoD3.2jasiewicz.pdf 18 August 2010 460 members of parliament (pl poseł) were elected; 391 from 6980 candidates from 37 regional lists of candidates and 69 from country-wide lists of candidates. In the Sejm elections, 27,517,280 citizens were eligible to vote, 11,887,949 (43.2%) of them cast their votes and 11,218,602 (94.4%) of the votes were counted as valid. In the Senate elections, 43.2% of citizens cast their votes, 96.5% were valid. Elections were supervised by the National Electoral Commission (pl Państwowa Komisja Wyborcza). 37 regional (pl okręgowe) commissions were formed, and 22,341 district (pl obwodowe), staffed by 197,389 citizens. A total of 111 parties contested the elections, of which 29 won parliamentary seats. The success of the satirical Polish Beer-Lovers' Party with 16 seats gained news coverage worldwide.November 2025 Opinion polls Opinion polling for the 1991 Polish parliamentary election thumb|800px|centre| Graphical summary of opinion polls:10em Democratic Union (Poland) solid 5px Democratic Union Democratic Left Alliance (Poland) solid 5px 80% Democratic Left Alliance Catholic Electoral Action solid 5px 80% Christian National Union Centre Civic Alliance solid 5px Centre Agreement Polish People's Party solid 5px Polish People's Party Confederation of Independent Poland solid 5px Confederation of Independent Poland Liberal Democratic Congress solid 5px Liberal Democratic Congress Peasants' Agreement solid 5px Peasants' Agreement #FFB29B solid 5px Solidarity Results Sejm File:Polska Warszawa Sejm 1991.svg Democratic Union 1382051 62 Democratic Left Alliance 1344820 60 Catholic Electoral Action 980304 49 Centre Civic Alliance 977344 44 Polish People's Party 972952 48 Confederation of Independent Poland 841738 46 Liberal Democratic Congress 839978 37 Peasants' Agreement 613626 28 Solidarity 566553 27 Polish Beer-Lovers' Party 367106 16 orange Christian Democracy 265179 5 Real Politics Union 253024 3 Labour Solidarity 230975 4 Democratic Party 159017 1 German Minority Electoral Committee 132059 7 Party of Christian Democrats 125314 4 Polish Ecological Party - Greens pl Partia Zielonych (Polska) 91726 0 #006B53 "Healthy Poland" - Ecological Alliance 89034 0 #006B53 Freedom Party 78704 0 National Party 74082 0 Coalition of the Polish Ecological Party and Polish Greens Party pl Polska Partia Zielonych 71043 0 #006B53 Party X 52735 3 Democratic-Social Movement 51656 1 Ludowe Porozumienie Wyborcze "Piast""piast" Regional electoral list of the Polish People's Party in Tarnów Voivodeship.Księga pamiątkowa z okazji obchodów 20-lecia demokratycznych wyborów w Polsce Warsaw 2011 pl 978-83-926304-4-9 Stefan J. Jaworski Kazimierz W. Czaplicki Zespół Prawny i Organizacji Wyborów Krajowego Biura Wyborczego https://www.csw.umk.pl/pobierz.php?id=124 76 42031 1 #008000 Silesian Autonomy Movement 40061 2 #0C3F73 Christian-Peasant Bloc 36665 0 Unia Chrześcijańsko-Społeczna (Polska) pl Unia Chrześcijańsko-Społeczna (Polska) Christian-Social Movement "Covenant" 30092 0 Minority Electoral Bloc 29428 0 Solidarni z Prezydentem"prezydentem" Regional electoral list of the Catholic Electoral Action in Kraków Voivodeship. 27586 1 #204f7e Związek Podhalan pl 26744 1 #44c9eb Polish Western Union"zachodni" Satellite party of the Confederation of Independent Poland. All four elected members seated in KPN's parliamentary club.Ryszard Bogusz (politician) pl Ryszard Bogusz (polityk) Ryszard BoguszRyszard Bogusz https://orka.sejm.gov.pl/ArchAll2.nsf/1RP/047 Janina Kraus pl Janina Kraus Janina KrausJanina Kraus https://orka.sejm.gov.pl/ArchAll2.nsf/1RP/186 Danuta Wierzbicka pl Danuta Wierzbicka Danuta WierzbickaDanuta Wierzbicka https://orka.sejm.gov.pl/ArchAll2.nsf/1RP/422 Kazimierz Wilk pl Kazimierz Wilk Kazimierz WilkKazimierz Wilk https://orka.sejm.gov.pl/ArchAll2.nsf/1RP/424 26053 4 #480b0c Koalicja Republikańska pl Koalicja Republikańska Republican Coalition 23506 0 Social Democratic Union of Greater Poland pl Wielkopolska Unia Socjaldemokratyczna 23188 1 #c70455 Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy Policjantów pl Niezależny Samorządny Związek Zawodowy Policjantów Independent Self-Governing Trade Union of Policemen 22444 0 Jedności Ludowej"ludowej" Regional electoral list of the Polish People's Party in Bydgoszcz Voivodeship. 18902 1 #33a61e Craftsmanship and Petty Bourgeoisie 14089 0 Orthodox Electoral Committee 13788 1 #cba854 Solidarność 80 pl "Solidarność 80"s80 Part of Solidarność 80 pl 12769 1 #ad3a2b Self-Governing Republic Union 11955 0 Solidarność 80 pl NSZZ "Solidarność 80"s80 11297 0 Coalition of Female Circles 10587 0 Citizens' Committee in Tarnów 9704 0 Unia Wielkopolan pl 9019 1 #56a651 Confederation of Private Employers 8446 0 List of Chairman Zbigniew Morawski 8379 0 Regional Electoral Forum 7724 0 German Minority "Reconciliation and Future" 6108 0 Belarusian Electoral Committee 6081 0 Greater Polish Self-Governing Coalition 5939 0 Independent - Entrepreneurs 5604 0 Tenants and Pensioners in Solidarity 5497 0 Our Poland - Independents list 5472 0 Radom Popular-Selfgoverning List 5318 0 Polish National Community pl Polska Wspólnota Narodowa Polish National Community - Polish National Party 5262 0 Związek Zawodowy Maszynistów Kolejowych w Polsce pl Związek Zawodowy Maszynistów Kolejowych w Polsce Trade Union of PKP Machinists 5142 0 VICTORIA Party 5000 0 Handicapped, Retirees and Pensioners 4955 0 Citizens' Committees 4934 0 Electoral Committee of Selfgoverning Gmina 4711 0 Movement of Common Ownership 4648 0 Citizens' Agreement with the "S" Delegation 4501 0 Independent Farmers "Kłos" 4190 0 Solidarność 80 pl NSZZ "Solidarność" 80 im.ks.J.Popiełuszkis80 4073 0 Nonpartisan List of Radom Voivodeship Gmina 4003 0 Polish Union of Pensioners and the Handicapped in Legnica 3958 0 Polska Federacja Stowarzyszeń Rodzin Katolickich pl Association of Catholic Families 3939 0 Nonpartisan List of Independents 3763 0 Trade Unions in the Defence of Society 3759 0 Agreement of Citizens' Committees 3611 0 Polish Party of the Homeless 3491 0 Movement in the Defence of Selfgovernance 3354 0 Provincial Farmers' Self-Defence Committee 3247 0 God, Honor, Fatherland 3195 0 Voters of Gmina in Kurpie 3060 0 Jerzy Talkowski pl Jerzy Talkowski Social Committee for Defending the Rule of Law 3007 0 Polish Society of War Veterans 2910 0 Polish Popular-Christian Forum "Patrimony"Majority of party contested as part of Center Civic Alliance, only ran independently in Rzeszów Voivodeship 2902 0 Lesser Polish Independent Electoral Committee 2786 0 Wrocław Beyond Divisions 2743 0 Wielkopolan Union 2718 0 Roman Flak pl Roman Flak Regional Movement of Citizens' Committees in Zawiercie 2684 0 Independent Entrepreneurship List 2632 0 Conservative-Liberal Party 2578 0 Selfgoverning Electoral Committee 2361 0 Craftsmanship 2261 0 Stronnictwo Narodowo-Demokratyczne (III Rzeczpospolita) pl Stronnictwo Narodowo-Demokratyczne (III Rzeczpospolita) National Electoral Committee 2102 0 Association 2000 2044 0 Polskie Towarzystwo Pielęgniarskie pl Polish Nursing Society 1934 0 Northeastern Farming Association 1928 0 Alliance of Women Against the Hardships of Life"kobiet" Regional electoral list of the Confederation of Independent Poland in Kraków Voivodeship. 1922 1 #913cc3 Bloc of Industry and Technical Circles 1914 0 Polish Prosperity Party 1892 0 National-Liberal Movement 1818 0 Mazowsze Electoral Union 1793 0 Social Justice Party 1792 0 Movement "Rescue for Zagłębie" 1658 0 Labour Movement IndependentsList 68 1609 0 Social-Military Voters' Forum "Baszta" 1475 0 Polski Związek Działkowców pl Polski Związek Działkowców 1464 0 Independent Electoral Committee of Wielkopolan Women 91 1345 0 Labour Movement IndependentsList 67 1329 0 Self-Governance 1119 0 Group of Independent Candidates 1075 0 Independents '91 1048 0 "Give Us a Chance" 1000 0 New Poland Movement 967 0 Polska Partia Niepodległościowa pl Polska Partia Niepodległościowa Polish Independence Party 831 0 Electoral Committee of PKPS Workers 696 0 Independent Social Association "WIS" 694 0 Firefighters' Social Electoral Committee 671 0 Electoral Committee Polish Charity Society 608 0 669347 27517280 National Electoral CommissionWybory do Sejmu w 1991 r. https://danewyborcze.kbw.gov.pl/index482f.html?title=Wybory_do_Sejmu_w_1991_r. 2025-02-09 National Electoral Commission pl By constituency No.ConstituencyTotalseatsSeats wonUDSLDWAKPSLKPNPOCKLDPLKO "S"PPPPKWMNOthers1Warsaw I17321133132Warsaw II811111213Płock101112111114Łódź122221111115Piotrków Trybunalski711111116Konin9111211117Radom811211118Kielce111212111119Częstochowa81111111110Opole101111111311Wroclaw1232111111112Wałbrzych81111111113Jelenia Góra1122111111114Zielona Góra1112121111115Kalisz7111111116Toruń1112111111217Bydgoszcz1112111111218Poznań14221111111319Gorzów Wielkopolski1012111111120Szczecin1021111111121Koszalin9111111322Gdańsk15212111312123Olsztyn13221211111124Ostrołęka121132112125Białystok1212211111226Siedlce10111211327Zamość7111111128Lublin1011112111129Rzeszów1311221121230Przemyśl91112111131Tarnów711111232Nowy Sącz7111111133Kraków133111211334Bielsko-Biała911111111135Sosnowiec101212111136Katowice17221112211437Gliwice132111111113National list691110778765431Total46062604948464437282716736Source: National Electoral Commission Senate Democratic Union 3764156 21 Democratic Left Alliance 2431178 4 Solidarity 2219160 11 Centre Civic Alliance 2071045 9 Catholic Electoral Action 1995866 9 Polish People's Party 1691566 7 Liberal Democratic Congress 1497718 6 Confederation of Independent Poland 1071364 4 Peasants' Agreement 719778 5 Party of Christian Democrats 507722 3 Democratic Party 453721 0 Party X 417857 0 Real Politics Union 371891 0 Local lists and independents 3708344 21 Independent 11474846 413019 27517280 Nohlen & Stöver By voivodeship VoivodeshipTotal seatsSeats wonUDKO "S"POCWAKPSLKLDPLSLDKPNPChDOthersBiała Podlaska211Białystok211Bielsko211Bydgoszcz211Chełm211Ciechanów211Częstochowa211Elbląg211Gdańsk211Gorzów211Jelenia Góra211Kalisz22Katowice3111Kielce211Konin211Koszalin211Kraków211Krosno211Legnica211Leszno211Lublin211Łomża22Łódź211Nowy Sącz211Olsztyn211Opole211Ostrołęka211Piła22Piotrków211Płock211Poznań211Przemyśl211Radom211Rzeszów211Siedlce22Sieradz211Skierniewice211Słupsk211Suwałki211Szczecin211Tarnobrzeg211Tarnów211Toruń211Wałbrzych22Warsaw321Włocławek22Wrocław211Zamość211Zielona Góra211 Total 10021119986744318Source: National Electoral Commission Notes lower-alpha nb note References Obwieszczenie Państwowej Komisji Wyborczej z dn. 31 X 1991 r., Monitor Polski. Nr 41, poz. 288 Obwieszczenie PKW z dn. 30 X 1991 r., M.P. Nr 41, poz. 287 Poland Category:Parliamentary elections in Poland Parliamentary Category:History of Poland (1989–present) Poland