1905 Tour de France

May 2020 May 2019 1905 Tour de France Route of the 1905 Tour de France.png Route of the 1905 Tour de France followed clockwise, starting in Paris Map of France with the route of the 1905 Tour de France on it, showing that the race started in Paris, went clockwise through France and ended in Paris after eleven stages. 360px 9–30 July 1905 11 2994 km 35 points Louis Trousselier FRA Hippolyte Aucouturier FRA Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq FRA 1904 1906 The 1905 Tour de France was the third edition of the Tour de France, held from 9 to 30 July, organised by the newspaper L'Auto. Following the disqualifications after the 1904 Tour de France, there were changes in the rules, the most important one being the general classification not made by time but by points. The race saw the introduction of mountains in the Tour de France, and René Pottier excelled in the first mountain, although he could not finish the race.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1905/histoire.html The Tour – Year 1905 Amaury Sport Organisation 29 December 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20100717054319/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1905/histoire.html 17 July 2010 dead Due in part to some of the rule changes, the 1905 Tour de France had less cheating and sabotage than in previous years, though they were not eliminated. It was won by Louis Trousselier, who also won four of the eleven stages. Innovations and changes After the 1904 Tour de France, some cyclists were disqualified, most notably the top four cyclists of the original overall classification, Maurice Garin, Lucien Pothier, César Garin and Hippolyte Aucouturier. Maurice Garin was originally banned for two years and Pothier for life, so they were ineligible to start the 1905 Tour de France. Of these four, only Aucouturier (who had been "warned" and had a "reprimand inflicted" on him), started the 1905 Tour.http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1904.php The Tour is finished ... Tom James 14 August 2003 21 June 2010 VeloArchive They were disqualified by the Union Vélocipédique Française, based on accusations of cheating when there were no race officials around. For the 1904 Tour, it was difficult to observe the cyclists continuously, as significant portions of the race were run overnight, and the long stages made it difficult to have officials everywhere. Because these disqualifications had almost put an end to the Tour de France, the 1905 event had been changed in important ways, to make the race easier to supervise:McGann McGann 2006 14–16 The stages were shortened so that no night riding occurred. The number of stages increased to 11 stages, almost double from the previous year. The winner was selected on points, not time.http://www.veloarchive.com/races/tour/1905.php 1905: A new formula is devised VeloArchive 14 August 2003 21 June 2010 The first cyclist to cross the finish line received 1 point. Other cyclists received one point more than the cyclist who passed the line directly before him, plus an additional point for every five minutes between them, with a maximum of ten points. In this way, a cyclist could not get more than 11 points more than the cyclist that crossed the finish line just before him.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1905.php Mémoire du cyclisme 3ème Tour de France 1905 fr 18 March 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090520040844/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1905.php 20 May 2009 dead As an example for this point system, the result for the first seven cyclists in the first stage is in this table: + Results of stage 1http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k561845g.zoom.f5.langFR Cyclisme – Le Tour de France fr Le Petit Parisien Gallica Bibliothèque Numérique 11 July 1905 21 June 2010 5 Rank Cyclist Time Difference withprevious finisherExtra points Points 1 Louis Trousselier 11h 25' — 1 1 2 Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq + 3' 3' 1 2 3 René Pottier + 4' 1' 1 3 4 Hippolyte Aucouturier + 26' 22' 5 8 5 Henri Cornet + 26' 0' 1 9 6 Augustin Ringeval + 1h 40' 74' 11 20 7 Emile Georget + 2h 40' 60' 11 31 The other important introduction were the mountains. One of Desgrange's staffers, Alphonse Steinès, took Desgrange for a trip over the Col Bayard at 1246 m ft and the Ballon d'Alsace at 1178 m ft, that had an average gradient of 5.2% with 10% at some places,McGann McGann 2006 14–16 to convince Desgrange to use these climbs in the route. Desgrange accepted it, saying that Steinès would take the blame if the mountains would be too hard to climb.McGann McGann 2006 14–16Laget Bouvet 2005 190–191 In the two previous editions, the highest point was the Col de la République at 1145 m ft. In 1905, Desgrange chose to overlook this, and focused instead on the introduction of the Ballon d'Alsace, because he saw that he had missed the opportunity for publicity previously.http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2007/11/10/col-de-la-republique-was-eerste-berg-in-tour-de-france.aspx Col de la République was eerste berg in Tour de France Van den Bogaart, Ronnie nl 10 November 2007 5 July 2010 Sportgeschiedenis https://web.archive.org/web/20120226001610/http://www.sportgeschiedenis.nl/2007/11/10/col-de-la-republique-was-eerste-berg-in-tour-de-france.aspx 26 February 2012 dead There were two categories of riders, the coureurs de vitesse and the coureurs sur machines poinçonnées.Augendre 2016 7 The riders in the first category were allowed to change bicycles, which could be an advantage in the mountains, where they could use a bicycle with lower gears.McGann McGann 2006 14–16 The riders in the machines poinçonnées category had to use the same bicycle in the entire race, and to verify this, their bicycles were marked. Participants List of cyclists in the 1905 Tour de France Before the race started, 77 riders had signed up for the race.The history of the Tour de France – Year 1905 – The starters http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1905/partants.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 3 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200403025728/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1905/partants.html dead Seventeen of those did not start the race, so the Tour began with 60 riders, including former winner Henri Cornet and future winners René Pottier and Lucien Petit-Breton. The riders were not grouped in teams, but most of them rode with an individual sponsor. Two of the cyclists—Catteau and Lootens—were Belgian, all other cyclists were French. Leading up to the start of the Tour, Wattelier, Trousselier, Pottier and Augereau were all considered the most likely contenders to win the event.http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k256192d.zoom.f4.langFR fr Vélocipedie – Le Tour de France de 1905 La Croix 9 July 1905 21 June 2010 Gallica Bibliothèque Numérique 4 Race overview 1905 Tour de France, Stage 1 to Stage 6 1905 Tour de France, Stage 7 to Stage 11 Despite the rule changes, there were still protesters among the spectators; in the first stage all riders except Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq punctured due to 125 kg of nails spread along the road. The first stage was won by Louis Trousselier. Trousselier was serving in the army, and had requested from his commander leave for the Tour de France; this was allowed for 24 hours.Amels 1984 8–9 After he won the first stage and led the classification, his leave was extended until the end of the Tour.http://www.cyclingwebsite.net/coureurmemofiche.php?coureurmemoid=846&coureurid=7607 Memo Louis Trousselier CyclingWebsite 20 March 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20120302033615/http://www.cyclingwebsite.net/coureurmemofiche.php?coureurmemoid=846&coureurid=7607 2 March 2012 dead From 60 starting cyclists, only 15 cyclists reached the finish line within the time limit;http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1905_1.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120506185506/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1905_1.php 6 May 2012 28 October 2016 dead Mémoire du cyclisme 3ème Tour de France 1905 – 1ère étape fr 15 more reached the finish after the limit and the rest took the train.http://www.nieuwsdossier.nl/dossier/1905-07-30/Louis+Trousselier+wint+Tour+de+France+1905 Louis Trousselier wint Tour de France 1905 nl NieuwsDossier 8 January 2008 21 September 2009 22 July 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110722003415/http://www.nieuwsdossier.nl/dossier/1905-07-30/Louis+Trousselier+wint+Tour+de+France+1905 dead The Tour organiser Desgrange wanted to stop the race, but was persuaded by the cyclists not to do so, and allowed all cyclists to continue with 75 points. thumb|left|upright|René Pottier, the first cyclist to climb a mountain in the Tour de France.|alt=A black-and-white photograph of a man with a mustache. In the second stage, the first major climb, the Ballon d'Alsace, made its debut. Four riders were the fastest climbers: Trousselier, René Pottier, Cornet and Aucouturier. Of those four, Trousselier and Aucouturier were the first to be dropped, and Cornet had to drop in the final kilometers.McGann McGann 2006 14–16 The top was therefore reached first by René Pottier, without dismounting, at an average speed of 20 km/h. Cornet, who reached the top second, had to wait 20 minutes for his bicycle with higher gear, because his support car had broken down.McGann McGann 2006 14–16 Later Aucouturier caught Pottier, and dropped him, and won the stage.McGann McGann 2006 14–16 Pottier became second in the stage and led the classification. Seven cyclists did not reach the finish in time, but they were again allowed to start the next stage.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1905_2.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120506185737/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1905_2.php 6 May 2012 28 October 2016 dead Mémoire du cyclisme 3ème Tour de France 1905 – 2ème étape fr In the third stage, Pottier had to abandon due to tendinitis.http://www.lorrainemace.com/index_files/Page1342.html Convicts of the road Lorraine Mace 2004 https://web.archive.org/web/20090212212010/http://lorrainemace.com/index_files/Page1342.html 12 February 2009 dead 18 March 2009 The lead was back with Trousselier, who also won the stage. In the fourth stage, the Côte de Laffrey and the Col Bayard were climbed, the second and third mountains of the Tour de France. Julien Maitron reached both tops first, but Aucouturier won the stage. Trousselier finished in second place, still leading the overall classification, although with the same number of points as Aucouturier.http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1905_4.php https://web.archive.org/web/20120506185711/http://memoire-du-cyclisme.net/eta_tdf_1903_1939/tdf1905_4.php 6 May 2012 28 October 2016 dead Mémoire du cyclisme 3ème Tour de France 1905 – 4ème étape fr thumb|upright|Louis Trousselier, the winner of the 1905 Tour de France|alt=A black-and-white photograph of a man with three-colored sweater and shorts with a mustache sitting on a bicycle.In the fifth stage, Trousselier won, and because Aucouturier finished in twelfth place, Trousselier had a big lead in the general classification. After the fifth stage, Aucouturier could no longer challenge Trousselier for the lead.http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/timeline/Race%20Snippets/TdF/TdF1905.htm The Restructuring Boyce, Barry 2004 Cycling revealed 10 May 2010 In the seventh stage to Bordeaux, Trousselier punctured after only a few kilometers. The rest of the cyclists quickly sped away from him, and Trousselier had to follow them alone for 200 km. A few kilometers before Bordeaux, Trousselier caught up with the rest, and even managed to win the sprint.Amels 1984 8–9 Louis Trousselier kept his lead until the end of the race, winning five stages. Trousselier was accused of bad sportsmanship: he reportedly smashed the inkstands of a control post to prevent his opponents from signing. Unlike the 1904 Tour de France, no stage winners, nor anyone from the top ten of the general classification, were disqualified. Results Stage results In the first and last stage, the cyclists were allowed to use pacers. All the 11 stages were won by only three cyclists:Augendre 2016 7 + Stage characteristics and winnersAugendre 2016 7The history of the Tour de France – Year 1905 – The stage winners http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1905/vainqueurs.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402233044/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1905/vainqueurs.html dead Stage Date Course Distance TypeIn 1905, there was no distinction in the rules between plain stages and mountain stages; the icons shown here indicate which stages included mountains. Winner Race leader 1 9 July Paris to Nancy 340 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Louis Trousselier FRA Louis Trousselier FRA 2 11 July Nancy to Besançon 299 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Hippolyte Aucouturier FRA René Pottier FRA 3 14 July Besançon to Grenoble 327 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Louis Trousselier FRA Louis Trousselier FRA 4 16 July Grenoble to Toulon 348 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Hippolyte Aucouturier FRA Louis Trousselier FRA 5 18 July Toulon to Nîmes 192 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Louis Trousselier FRA Louis Trousselier FRA 6 20 July Nîmes to Toulouse 307 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq FRA Louis Trousselier FRA 7 22 July Toulouse to Bordeaux 268 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Louis Trousselier FRA Louis Trousselier FRA 8 24 July Bordeaux to La Rochelle 257 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Hippolyte Aucouturier FRA Louis Trousselier FRA 9 26 July La Rochelle to Rennes 263 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Louis Trousselier FRA Louis Trousselier FRA 10 28 July Rennes to Caen 167 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq FRA Louis Trousselier FRA 11 29 July Caen to Paris 253 km mi on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq FRA Louis Trousselier FRA Total 2994 km 0 onAugendre 2016 108 General classification The cyclists officially were not grouped in teams; some cyclists had the same sponsor, even though they were not allowed to work together.Thompson 2006 36 +Final general classification (1–10)The history of the Tour de France – Year 1905 – Stage 11 Caen > Paris http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1905/1100/etape.html Tour de France Amaury Sport Organisation 2 April 2020 2 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200402214345/http://histo.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1905/1100/etape.html dead Rank Rider Sponsor Points 1 Louis Trousselier FRA Peugeot-Wolber 35 2 Hippolyte Aucouturier FRA Peugeot-Wolber 61 3 Jean-Baptiste Dortignacq FRA Saving 64 4 Emile Georget FRA JC Cycles 123 5 Lucien Petit-Breton FRA JC Cycles 155 6 Augustin Ringeval FRA JC Cycles 202 7 Paul Chauvet FRA Griffon 231 8 Philippe Pautrat FRA JC Cycles 248 9 Julien Maitron FRA Peugeot-Wolber/Griffon 255 10 Julien Gabory FRA JC Cycles 304 Final general classification (11–24) Rank Rider Sponsor Points 11 Alois Catteau BEL Catteau Cycles 355 12 Martin Soulie FRA JC Cycles 358 13 Léon Leygoute FRA Peugeot-Wolber 394 14 Camille Fily FRA Guerin Cycles 415 15 Antony Wattelier FRA Peugeot-Wolber 441 16 Henri Lignon FRA JC Cycles 488 17 Maurice Decaup FRA Alcyon-Dunlop 490 18 Maurice Carrere FRA Pirate-Michelin 497 19 Gustave Guillarme FRA Renault 509 20 Julien Lootens BEL JC Cycles 515 21 Pinchau FRA ? 707 22 Eugène Ventresque FRA Saving 792 23 Fernand Lallement FRA Peugeot-Wolber 797 24 Clovis Lacroix FRA Saving 870 Other classifications Pautrat was the winner of the coureurs sur machines poinçonnées category, having used the same bicycle through the whole event.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1905/histoire.html l'Historique du Tour – Année 1905 fr Amaury Sport Organisation 29 December 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090715151110/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/fr/TDF/1905/histoire.html 15 July 2009 dead The organising newspaper L'Auto named René Pottier the meilleur grimpeur. This unofficial title is the precursor to the mountains classification.Cleijne 2014 156 Aftermath The tour organisers liked the effect of the points system, and it remained active until the 1912 Tour de France, after which it was reverted to the time system. In 1953, for the 50-years anniversary of the Tour de France, the points system was reintroduced as the points classification, and the winner was given a green jersey. This points classification has been active ever since. The introduction of mountains in the Tour de France had also been successful. After the introduction of the Vosges in the 1905 Tour de France, in 1906 the Massif Central were climbed, followed by the Pyrenees in 1910 and the Alps in 1911. The winner Trousselier received 6950 Francs for his victory. The night after he won, he drank and gambled with friends, and lost all the money.McGann McGann 2006 14–16 In later years, Trousselier would not win a Tour de France again, but he still won eight more stages and finished on the podium in the next year.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/TDF/riders/us/1371.html Past results for Louis Trousselier (FRA) ASO 20 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20080624054106/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/TDF/riders/us/1371.html 24 June 2008 dead The unofficial mountain champion of the 1905 Tour de France, Pottier, would be more successful in the next year, when he won the overall classification and five stages.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/coureur/1364.html Past results for Rene Pottier (FRA) ASO 20 May 2009 https://web.archive.org/web/20090721183945/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/coureur/1364.html 21 July 2009 dead For L'Auto, the newspaper that organised the Tour de France, the race was a success; the circulation had increased to 100,000.http://www.kb.nl/dossiers/tourdefrance/tourdefrance.html Tour de France nl Koninklijke Bibliotheek 8 August 2008 https://web.archive.org/web/20090711063454/http://www.kb.nl/dossiers/tourdefrance/tourdefrance.html 11 July 2009 dead 18 March 2009 Notes References 30em Bibliography Amels Wim De geschiedenis van de Tour de France 1903–1984 Valkenswaard, Netherlands Sport-Express 1984 nl 978-90-70763-05-3 Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 PDF Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Cleijne Jan Legends of the Tour https://books.google.com/books?id=3nCNAwAAQBAJ 2014 London Head of Zeus 978-1-78185-998-8 Laget Serge Bouvet Philippe https://books.google.com/books?id=Ggx7H3q29v4C Cols mythiques du Tour de France fr Paris L'Équipe 2005 978-2-915535-09-9 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1903–1964 1 https://books.google.com/books?id=jxq20JskqMUC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis, IN 2006 978-1-59858-180-5 Thompson Christopher S. The Tour de France: A Cultural History https://books.google.com/books?id=M-vUF6Y_4RUC University of California Press Oakland, CA 2006 978-0-520-24760-4 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 24–25 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1905 Tour de France 1 6 7 11 Tour de France Category:Tour de France by year Tour de France Tour de France