1995 Russian legislative election

none Russian Federation parliamentary no 1993 Russian legislative election 1993 17 December 1995 1999 Russian legislative election 1999 All 450 seats in the State Duma 226 107,496,856 69,204,81964.38% ( 9.57 pp) List of members of the 2nd Russian State Duma ru Список депутатов Государственной думы Российской Федерации II созыва elected members outgoing members Gennady Zyuganov and Govorukhin in 1998 (cropped).jpg 165 120 150 0 8 Gennady Zyuganov KPRF 14 February 1993 42 seats, 11.55% 157 115 15,432,963 22.30% (PL) 10.75% Viktor Chernomyrdin meeting to sign credit agreement 1994 (cropped) 1.jpg 130 120 150 0 6 Viktor Chernomyrdin Our Home – Russia 12 May 1995 New 55 New 7,009,291 10.13% (PL) New Vladimir Zhirinovsky 01-03-1995 (cropped).jpg 275 120 150 11 70 Vladimir Zhirinovsky Liberal Democratic Party of Russia 13 December 1989 64 seats, 21.35% 51 13 7,737,431 11.18% (PL) 10.17% Ba-yavlinsky-g-a-1999-june (sq, cropped).jpg 147 120 150 0 13 Grigory Yavlinsky Yabloko 16 October 1993 27 seats, 7.32% 45 18 4,767,384 6.89% (PL) 0.43% 300px Winning party by region 300px Winning party by constituency Chairman of the State Duma Ivan Rybkin Ivan Rybkin Bloc Gennadiy Seleznyov Communist Party of the Russian Federation Legislative elections was held in Russia on 17 December 1995 to elect all 450 seats in the 2nd State Duma of the Russian Federation.Nohlen Stöver 2010 1642 The anti-government Communist Party won a total of 157 seats, the most deputies of any single bloc in the chamber. The pro-government Our Home – Russia came second with 55 seats, with the far-right Liberal Democratic Party of Russia falling to third place with 51. As well as the fourth placed Yabloko, only these four parties crossed the 5% threshold to win party-list seats. Electoral system November 2025 The election law adopted for the 1995 election was similar to that adopted for the 1993 election, with some minor modifications. First, to secure a place on the proportional representation ballot, parties had to have registered with the Ministry of Justice no later than six months before the election, and the number of signatures they had to gather rose from 100,000 to 200,000. Second, invalid votes were now included in the calculation of the 5% threshold. Third, on the single-member district ballot, party endorsements of candidates were indicated. Political blocs +Political parties and blocs in the 1995 electionДанные протоколов территориальных избирательных комиссий об итогах голосования по федеральному округу# NumberBlocAbbr. AbbreviationFirst troikaPolitical positionIdeologies1 Women of RussiaZhRAlevtina Fedulova • Ekaterina Lakhova • Galina KlimantovaCentreWomen's rights / Pacifism2 Social Patriotic Movement "Derzhava"DerzhavaAlexander Rutskoy • Viktor Kobelev • Konstantin DushenovRight-wingRussian nationalism / Social conservatism3 Social Political Movement "Duma-96"Duma-96Vladimir Burenin • Mikhail Simonov • Georgy KondratyevCentreCentrism / Conservatism4 Transformation of the FatherlandTransformation of the Fatherland, Free Democratic Party, All-Russian Party for Safety of ManPOEduard Rossel • Yury NozhikovWithdrew • Viktor Yakimov • Marina SalyeCentreRegionalism / Autonomism5 Tikhonov–Tupolev–TikhonovConsolidation Party, League of Cooperatives and EntrepreneursTTTAlexander Tikhonov • Aleksey Tupolev • Viktor TikhonovCentreCentrism6 Russian All-People's MovementRODAlexander Bozhenov • Valery Moshnyakov • Vladimir PlatonovCentreCossacks interests7 All-Russian Muslim Social Movement "Nur"NURHalit Yakhin • Vafa Yarullin • Anver ShagidullinCentreMuslim interests / Islamic democracy8 Federal Democratic MovementFDDOleg Novikov • Oleg Kalugin • Rimma KazakovaCentreFederalism9 Cause of Peter the FirstAlso known as the "38 Words" bloc since its full name included a 38-word long list of member parties.Tourist and Sports Union of Russia, Union of TV and Radio Broadcasting Workers, Consumer Society of Automobile EquipmentDPP Valentin Dikul • Vadim Voevodin • Yan KoltunovRight-wingNational conservatism / Monarchism10 Interethnic UnionCongress of Civic Concord, RHDP Russian Christian Democratic Party, Association of Koreans in RussiaMNS Abdulah Mikitaev • Makhmut Gareev • Alexander ZaytsevCentreMulticulturalism11 Socio-Political Movement "Stable Russia"SR Oleg Petrov • Elina Bystritskaya • Alexander GorlovCentre-rightConservatism12 Frontier GenerationsSocio-Political Youth Movement, MZhK Union of RussiaPR Dmitry Solonnikov • Nikolay Pelepeshin • Marat BarievCentreYouth politics13 My FatherlandMO Boris Gromov • Stanislav Shatalin • Joseph KobzonCentre-leftSocial democracy14 For the Motherland!RSVA Russian Union of Afghanistan Veterans, NPP People's Patriotic Party, New RussiaZR Vladimir Polevanov • Yevgeny Podkolzin • Eduard BaltinRight-wingConservatism / Anti-Reformism15 Common CauseCommon Cause, Human CircleOD Irina Khakamada • Rolan Bykov • Vladimir DzhanibekovCentre-rightLiberalism16 Bloc of IndependentsODC United Democratic Center, All-Russian Tatar Cultural and Educational CenterBN Yevgeny Fyodorov • Ilya Roitman • Vladimir KomchatovCentre-rightConservatism17 Our Home – RussiaNDR Viktor Chernomyrdin • Nikita Mikhalkov • Lev RokhlinCentre-rightLiberal conservatism / Fiscal conservatism18 Pamfilova–Gurov–LysenkoRPRF, Young Republicans UnionPGL Ella Pamfilova • Alexander Gurov • Vladimir LysenkoCentre-rightClassical liberalism / Atlanticism19 "Yabloko" Social AssociationYablokoGrigory Yavlinsky • Vladimir Lukin • Tatiana YaryginaCentre-leftSocial democracy / Social liberalism20 Forward, Russia!VRBoris Fyodorov • Bela Denisenko • Alexander VladislavlevCentre-rightLiberal democracy / Liberal conservatism21 89 Regions of RussiaVR Choice of Russia Movement, ANP Association of Independent Professionals89Pavel Medvedev (only elected deputy)CentreRegionalism22 Ecological Party of Russia "KEDR"KEDRAnatoly Panfilov • Leonid Yakubovich • Artyom TarasovCentreGreen politics / Agrarianism23 Democratic Choice of Russia – United DemocratsDVR, KPR, RPSD, KNOR Congress of National Unions of RussiaDVR-ODYegor Gaidar • Sergei Kovalev • Lidiya Fedoseyeva-ShukshinaCentre-rightLiberal conservatism / Anti-communism24 Party of Russian Unity and AccordPRESSergey Shakhray • Valery Bykov • Vladimir IvankovCentre-rightModerate liberalism / Conservatism / Regionalism25 Communist Party of the Russian FederationCPRFGennady Zyuganov • Svetlana Goryacheva • Aman TuleyevLeft-wing to far-leftCommunism / Marxism–Leninism / Left-wing nationalism26 Stanislav Govorukhin BlocAll-Russian Trade Union Association, People's Alliance, RHDD Russian Christian Democratic MovementBSGStanislav Govorukhin • Oleg Rumyantsev • Viktor AksyuchitsRight-wingStatism / Conservatism27 Association of Lawyers of RussiaAARAlexey Malayev • Gasan Mirzoyev • Anatoly FedoseevCentreRule of law28 National Republican Party of RussiaNRPRNikolay Lysenko • Nikolay Pavlov • Konstantin OvchinnikovFar-rightSolzhenitsynism / Russian ultranationalism29 Social DemocratsSDS Social Democratic Alliance, Young Social Democrats of Russia, RDDRSDGavriil Popov • Vasily Lipitsky • Oleg BogomolovCentre-leftSocial democracy30 Power to the People!ROS, Mothers for Social JusticeV–N!Nikolai Ryzhkov • Sergey Baburin • Elena ShuvalovaRight-wingPatriotism / Social conservatism / Pochvennichestvo31 Congress of Russian CommunitiesKROYury Skokov • Alexander Lebed • Sergey GlazyevRight-wing to far-rightRussian nationalism / National conservatism32 Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of LabourROPP, Trade Unions of Russia to the PollsSTVladimir Scherbakov • Mikhail Shmakov • Arkady VolskyCentre-leftLabourism / Industrialism33 Liberal Democratic Party of RussiaLDPRVladimir Zhirinovsky • Sergey Abeltsev • Alexander VengerovskyRight-wing to far-rightRight-wing populism / Pan-Slavism34 Bloc of DjunaAssociation of Military Journalists, AFZPP Association for the Health Development of the Younger Generation, ADVN Association for the Spiritual Revival of Science, RKSP Russian Confederation of Free Trade UnionsDjunaEugenia Davitashvili • Andrey Volkov • Aleksandr Pankratov-ChyornyCentrePopulism35 Party of Workers' Self-GovernmentPSTSvyatoslav Fyodorov • Alexey Kazannik • Aleksandr PorokhovshchikovCentre-leftSocial democracy36 Communists – Labour Russia – For the Soviet UnionRKRP, RPK Russian Party of CommunistsK–TRViktor Tyulkin • Anatoly Kryuchkov • Viktor AnpilovFar-leftCommunism / Marxism–Leninism / Anti-revisionism37 Beer Lovers PartyPLPKonstantin Kalachyov • Dmitry Shestakov • Andrey PalchevskyBig tentJoke party / Protectionism / Anti-establishment38 Ivan Rybkin Bloc"Russia" People's Movement, Regions of Russia, RSM Russian Union of Youth, Accord Movement, Union of RealistsBIRIvan Rybkin • Yury Petrov • Artur ChilingarovCentre-leftAgrarianism / Social democracy39 Party of Economic FreedomPESKonstantin Borovoi • Leonid Nekrasov • Vladimir KovalyonokCentre-rightLiberalism / Neoconservatism / Economic liberalism40 People's UnionNSVladimir Lukyanov • Dmitry Galagan • Gennady MironovBig tentInterests of defrauded depositors41 Agrarian Party of RussiaAPRMikhail Lapshin • Aleksandr Nazarchuk • Vasily StarodubtsevLeft-wingAgrarian socialism / Collectivism42 Christian Democratic Union – Christians of RussiaHDSVitaly Savitsky • Tatiana Ivanova • Alexander KisilyovCentre-rightChristian democracy43 Union of Workers of Housing and Communal ServicesSRZhKKhLeonid Chernyshov • Pyotr Surov • Valery AvdeyevBig tentZhKKh workers' interests Campaign Out of the forty three parties and coalitions contesting the elections, only four cleared the 5% threshold to qualify for the proportional seats. Pro-Government parties Our Home – Russia had weightier resources and soon acquired the nickname of "party of power" for its reliance on elite political and economic office holders. It was also referred to as "Our Home Is Gazprom" for its close ties to Gazprom's substantial financial resources. Most of the cabinet ministers joined the bloc, and a number of business leaders and regional political elites affiliated with it. However, almost no other parties entered it, and many SMD candidates who had initially affiliated with the party soon left it. One of the early parties to enter the bloc, Sergei Shakhrai's Party of Russian Unity and Accord, also deserted it in August 1995.Belin Orttung 1997 34–36 The party program called for "stability and development, democracy and patriotism, confidence and order" as well as "pragmatism" and "a civilized market". Other proposals were contradictory as the party proposed, among other things, to encourage foreign investment while protecting Russian manufacturers, and to promote agricultural reform while regulating land ownership. In the election, the Our Home – Russia bloc took 10.1% of the vote, enough to form a faction in the State Duma but not enough to serve as a dominant or pivotal force in parliament or in the regions. At its peak, the party claimed the membership of around one third of Russia's governors. However, both the federal center and regional elites made only ephemeral commitments to Our Home – Russia.Hale 2006 208–209McFaul 2001 205 Opposition parties As a result of these elections, the Communists and their satellites, the Agrarians and other left-wing deputies, controlled a little less than the half of the seats. The populist LDPR occasionally sided with the left majority, but often supported the government. As in the previous Duma, the parliamentary groups of independent deputies had a significant influence on the balance of power in the parliament. On 17 January 1996, Gennady Seleznyov, a deputy of the Communist Party in the Duma, was elected the Speaker of the Duma. Opinion polls Polling firmFieldwork dateCPRFLDPRNDR YablokoZhRKRODVR–ODAPRPSTVR!DerzhavaOtherUnsureNotvotingAdditionaloptionsFOMhttps://bd.fom.ru/report/map/finfo/finfo1995/of1995_27/of19952703 Если бы выборы в Госдуму состоялись сегодня, то больше всего голосов набрали бы КПРФ и "Яблоко" ru fom.ru 14 July 1995 9 August 2025 June 1995 8 5 4 7 4 4 3 3 3 4 1 48 Ivan Rybkin Bloc, DPR, PES, Republican Party, ROPP, Common Cause 1%, Democratic Russia 0%.FOM July 1995 7 4 5 8 4 5 3 2 4 5 1 49 DPR 2%, Ivan Rybkin Bloc, Common Cause, Republican Party 1%, ROPP, Democratic Russia 0%.VCIOMСоциология грядущих выборов. Отношение к партиям и движениям (в % к числу опрошенных) https://www.kommersant.ru/doc/113503 13 August 2025 Kommersant 132 (850) 18 July 1995 ru July 19958.08.78.2 3.7 3.7 1.9 5.0 2.4 4.1 1.3 29.6 18.4 DPR 2.0%, PRES 1.7%, PLP 0.7%, PES 0.6%.FOMhttps://bd.fom.ru/report/map/finfo/finfo1995/of1995_37/of19953703 Если бы выборы состоялись в начале сентября, то все шансы оказаться на первом месте по числу голосов были бы у КПРФ ru fom.ru 22 September 1995 9 August 2025 September 1995105667 4 Less than 4% each.VCIOM 15–19 Sep 199596585 2 3 3 4 2 2 0.4 20 17 Power to the People, PLP, DR, Union of Labour, Common Cause, PES, Communists and Working Russia, Union of Patriots, KEDR, PRES 1%, Republican Party 0.5%, Ivan Rybkin Bloc, People's Union 0.4%, NRPR 0%.Vox PopuliОбщероссийские рейтинги, социологические опросы http://www.fe.msk.ru/elect/vestnik/issue1/ratings.html Russia: Elections-95 https://web.archive.org/web/19970801043512/http://www.fe.msk.ru/elect/vestnik/issue1/ratings.html 1 August 1997 ru 9 Oct 199514 2.4 1087 2.5 4.6 1.8 4 PRES 0.5%.Rossiskiye VestiRussian Duma Elections - '95: A Scorecard. Public Opinion Polls http://users.aimnet.com/~ksyrah/ekskurs/elect.html Ekskursii https://web.archive.org/web/19990424123649/http://users.aimnet.com/~ksyrah/ekskurs/elect.html#Polls 24 April 1999 en 22 Nov 199514 4 5855 3 2 VCIOMRussian Presidential Elections-96: Opinion Poll Data http://www.acs.brockport.edu/~dgusev/Russian/polls.html acs.brockport.edu https://web.archive.org/web/20070220090312/http://www.acs.brockport.edu/~dgusev/Russian/polls.html 20 February 2007 en 1 Dec 19952311.513.113.113.1FOMhttps://www.kommersant.ru/doc/123223 Социология грядущих выборов ru Kommersant 226 (944) 6 December 1995 9 August 2025 December 199517 3 556 2 2 3 2 2 2 <1 20 15 Against all 2%, Power to the People, PLP 1%.Vox Populi 9 Dec 199522.95.710.99.56.5VCIOM 6–12 Dec 199513.77.66.76.56.6ISSP n/a17.3 4.2 4.6 5.3 3.8 2.4 2.2 2.8 3.7 3.7 Results right 250px CPRF 250px LDPR 250px Our Home – Russia 250px Yabloko 250px Women of Russia 250px Communists and Working Russia 250px KRO 250px PST 250px DVR–United Democrats 250px Agrarian Party 250px Derzhava 250px Forward, Russia! 250px Power to the People File:Russia State Duma 1995.svg Party-list Constituency Communist Party 15432963 99 8636392 58 157 +115 Liberal Democratic Party 7737431 50 3801971 1 51 –13 Our Home – Russia 7009291 45 3808745 10 55 New Yabloko 4767384 31 2209945 14 45 +18 Women of Russia 3188813 0 712072 3 3 –21 Communists and Working Russia for the Soviet Union 3137406 0 1276655 1 1 New Congress of Russian Communities 2980137 0 1987665 5 5 New Party of Workers' Self-Government 2756954 0 475007 1 1 New Democratic Choice of Russia – United Democrats 2674084 0 1819330 9 9 –53 Agrarian Party of Russia 2613127 0 4066214 20 20 –18 Derzhava 1781233 0 420860 0 0 New Forward, Russia! 1343428 0 1054577 3 3 New Power to the People 1112873 0 1345905 9 9 New Pamfilova–Gurov–Lysenko 1106812 0 476721 2 2 New #FE4801 Trade Unions and Industrialists – Union of Labour 1076072 0 584063 1 1 New Environmental Party of Russia "Kedr" 962195 0 304896 0 0 0 Ivan Rybkin Bloc 769259 0 1073580 3 3 New Stanislav Govorukhin Bloc 688496 0 483281 1 1 New #1A1A1A My Fatherland 496276 0 351911 1 1 New #CE1100 Common Cause 472615 0 148584 1 1 New #F7C451 Beer Lovers Party 428727 0 57946 0 0 New All Russian Muslim Public Movement "Nur" 393513 0 49689 0 0 New #016436 Transformation of the Fatherland 339654 0 227822 1 1 New National Republican Party 331700 27197 0 0 0 New Block of Djuna 323232 0 0 New #EE2D2A Party of Russian Unity and Accord 245977 0 285654 1 1 –21 Russian Lawyers' Association 242966 0 96046 0 0 New #265BAB For the Motherland! 194254 0 213723 0 0 New #C28314 Christian-Democratic Union – Christians of Russia 191446 0 102335 0 0 New #FF8201 Cause of Peter the First 145704 0 51928 0 0 New #0032A0 People's Union 130728 0 70685 0 0 New #0D0900 Tikhonov–Tupolev–Tikhonov Bloc 102039 0 65458 0 0 New #F9E2E3 Russian Union of Workers of ZhKKh 97274 0 115386 0 0 New #324194 Social Democrats 88642 0 233269 0 0 New #DD137B Party of Economic Freedom 88416 0 199150 1 1 New Russian All-People's Movement 86422 0 224779 0 0 New #2998D5 Bloc of Independents 83742 0 375287 1 1 New #F5821F Federal Democratic Movement 82948 0 86519 0 0 New #5A5A58 Sociopolitical Movement "Stable Russia" 81285 0 159226 0 0 New #A8A821 Duma-96 55897 0 108672 0 0 New #3C3E42 Frontier Generations 44202 0 13429 0 0 New #192082 Bloc '89 40840 0 175459 1 1 New #00A44E Interethnic Union 39592 0 169746 0 0 New #F5A222 All-Russian Sociopolitical Movement of Transport Workers 162263 0 0 New Democratic Russia and Free Trade-Unions 158040 0 0 New blue Education is Russia's Future 129399 0 0 New Union of Patriots 118441 0 0 New Union of Russian Moslems 65688 0 0 New green Party "Union of Communists" 62181 0 0 New #E3001B Party of Supporters of Tax Reduction 61519 0 0 New Party "Democratic Alternative" 61252 0 0 New Conservative Party 57351 0 0 New Russian Party 43221 0 0 New #000000 Zemsky Sobor – Union of Zemstvo, Cossacks and Patriotic Orthodox Organisations 42269 0 0 New Party "Economic Alternative" 37622 0 0 New We are Serving for Russia! 35535 0 0 New League of Independent Scientists 28666 0 0 New Social Alliance "Revival" 27032 0 0 New Russian Union of Local Self-Government 21427 0 0 New Our Future 18488 0 0 New Faith, Labour, Conscience 14639 0 0 New Russian Party of Car Owners 8088 0 0 New People's Salvation Front 1881 0 0 New Workers' Collectives and Greens for the Union of Co-Owners 1442 0 0 New European Liberal Democratic Party 154 0 0 New Independents 21620835 77 77 –58 Against all 1918151 6660495 1320619 1582227 0 107496856 107496856 University of Essex, Nohlen & Stöver Parliamentary groups 2nd State Duma Parliamentary groupLeaderSeats (Jan.'96)http://www.politika.su/fs/gd2frac.html Фракции и группы в Государственной Думе II созыва ru politika.su 1997 14 June 2026Communist Party of the Russian FederationGennady Zyuganov139Our Home – RussiaSergey Belyaev65Liberal Democratic Party of RussiaVladimir Zhirinovsky49YablokoGrigory Yavlinsky45"Regions of Russia (Independent Deputies)"Oleg Morozov44People's Power (Narodovlastie)Nikolai Ryzhkov41 Agrarian GroupNikolay Kharitonov35Democratic Choice of Russia (unregistered)Sergey Yushenkov6Independents19 Total450 Notes References Sources Belin Laura Orttung Robert W. The Russian Parliamentary Elections of 1995: The Battle for the Duma 1997 978-0765600844 Hale Henry E. Why Not Parties in Russia?: Democracy, Federalism, and the State 2006 Cambridge University Press New York 978-0521844093 McFaul Michael McFaul, Michael Russia's Unfinished Revolution: Political Change from Gorbachev to Putin 2001 Cornell University Press 978-0801488146 Nohlen Dieter Dieter Nohlen Stöver Philip 2010 Elections in Europe: A data handbook 978-3-8329-5609-7 Category:Legislative elections in Russia Legislative Legislative Russia Russia Category:2nd State Duma of the Russian Federation