1800–01 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1800–01 United States Senate elections United States 1795 legislative no 1798–99 United States Senate elections 1798 & 1799 1802–03 United States Senate elections 1802 & 1803 Class 3 1794–95 United States Senate elections 1794 & 1795 1806–07 United States Senate elections 1806 & 1807 10 of the 32 seats in the United States Senate (plus special elections) 17 Dates vary by state 100px Seats up Races won Federalist Party 21 (65.6%) 17 (54.8%) 4 7 3 Democratic-Republican Party 11 (34.4%) 14 (45.2%) 3 3 6 Majority Party Federalist Party Federalist Party File:1800senatemap.svg Results:#f2bfa6 Federalist hold #e27036 Federalist gain#bef3be Dem-Republican hold #008000 Dem-Republican gain The 1800–01 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states, coinciding with Thomas Jefferson being elected to the White House. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1800 and 1801, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 3. Although the Federalists began the 7th Congress with a slim majority, Jefferson's Democratic-Republican Party took over the majority shortly thereafter due to mid-year special elections. By the time the first proper session of the 7th Congress met in December 1801, three seats had been gained by the Democratic-Republicans, leaving them with an overall majority of 17 seats and a government trifecta. Change in composition Before the November elections After the November 6, 1800 special election in New York. DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR7 DR8 DR9N.H.Ran DR10N.Y.Ran DR11N.C.Retired F21Vt.Ran F20S.C.Ran F19Pa.Retired F18Md.Unknown F17Ky.Ran Majority → F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15Conn.Ran F16Ga.Retired F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 Result of the November elections DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR7 DR8 DR9Ga.Gain DR10Ky.Gain DR11N.Y.Re-elected DR12N.C.Hold DR13Pa.Gain DR14S.C.Gain V1Md.F loss F17Vt.Re-elected Majority → F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15Conn.Re-elected F16N.H.Gain F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 Beginning of the 7th Congress, March 4, 1801 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR7 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13 DR14 F18Md.Appointed F17 Majority → F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15 F16 F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 End of 1801 DR6 DR5 DR4 DR3 DR2 DR1 DR7 DR8 DR9 DR10 DR11 DR12 DR13Md.Gain DR14Pa.Hold DR15R.I.Gain DR16S.C.Hold Majority → DR17Vt.Gain F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12 F13 F14 F15N.H.Hold F6 F5 F4 F3 F2 F1 Key DR# Democratic-Republican F# Federalist V# Vacant Race summaries Except if/when noted, the number following candidates is the whole number vote(s), not a percentage. Special elections during the preceding Congress In these special elections, the winner was seated before March 4, 1801; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory New York(Class 1) James Watson Federalist 1798 (special) Incumbent resigned March 19, 1800, to become Naval Officer of the Port of New York.New senator elected April 3, 1800.Federalist hold. Federalist Party Gouverneur Morris (Federalist) 79 (56.8%) Democratic-Republican PartyPeter Gansevoort (Democratic-Republican) 59 (42.4%) Federalist PartyThomas Morris (Federalist) 1 (0.7%) Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 25, 2018 New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1800 July 17, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190717081635/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1800 dead , citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800. Massachusetts(Class 2) Samuel Dexter Federalist 1798 Incumbent resigned May 30, 1800 to become U.S. Secretary of War.New senator elected June 6, 1800.Federalist hold. Federalist Party Dwight Foster (Federalist) 158 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 25, 2018 Massachusetts 1800 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.1800 August 19, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190819042904/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ma.ussenate.1800 dead , citing Hampshire Gazette (Northhampton). June 11, 1800. The Kentucky Gazette (Lexington, KY). July 3, 1800. New York(Class 3) John Laurance Federalist 1796 (special) Incumbent resigned August 1800.New senator elected November 6, 1800.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party John Armstrong (Democratic-Republican) 141 (98.7%) Democratic-Republican PartyPeter Gansevoort (Democratic-Republican) 2 (1.3%) Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 25, 2018 New York 1800 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate1.1800 August 22, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190822143215/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate1.1800 dead , citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 10, 11. Journal of the New York State Senate, 1800. 8. American Citizen and General Advertiser (New York, NY). November 10, 1800. The Centinel of Freedom (Newark, NJ). November 11, 1800. Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 19, 1800. Universal Gazette (Washington, DC). November 20, 1800. Massachusetts(Class 1) Benjamin Goodhue Federalist 1796 (special)1796 Incumbent resigned November 8, 1800.New senator elected November 14, 1800.Federalist hold. Federalist Party Jonathan Mason (Federalist) February 2020 Maryland(Class 3) James Lloyd Federalist 1797 (special) Incumbent resigned December 1, 1800.New senator elected December 12, 1800.Federalist hold. Federalist Party William Hindman (Federalist) 49 (55.1%) Democratic-Republican PartyRichard T. Earle (Democratic-Republican) 40 (44.9%) Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 January 25, 2018 Maryland 1800 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.ussenator.1800 July 20, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190720224736/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.ussenator.1800 dead , citing Votes and Proceedings of the Maryland State Senate, 1800. 26. Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). December 24, 1800. Mattern, David B., J. C. A. Stagg, Jeanne K. Cross and Susan Holbrook Perdue, ed. The Papers of James Madison, Congressional Series. Vol. 17. Charlottesville, VA: University of Virginia Press, 1991. 435–436. New Jersey(Class 1) James Schureman Federalist 1799 (special) Incumbent resigned February 16, 1801.New senator elected February 28, 1801.Federalist hold. Federalist Party Aaron Ogden (Federalist) February 2020 Races leading to the next Congress In these regular elections, the winner was seated on March 4, 1801; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 3 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Connecticut Uriah Tracy Federalist 1796 (special) Incumbent re-elected in May 1801. Federalist Party Uriah Tracy (Federalist) 131 Democratic-Republican PartyAsher Miller (Democratic-Republican) 30 Federalist PartyRoger Griswold (Federalist) 10 Democratic-Republican PartyEphraim Kirby (Democratic-Republican) 6 Federalist PartyChauncey Goodrich (Federalist) 3 UnknownStephen T. Hosmer (Unknown) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 Connecticut 1801 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.ussenator.1801 August 22, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190822145419/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ct.ussenator.1801 dead , citing Connecticut Gazette, and the Commercial Intelligencer (New London, CT). May 17, 1801. Impartial Journal (Stonington, CT). June 2, 1801. The Bee (New London, CT). June 3, 1801. The Bee (Hudson, NY). November 16, 1802. Georgia James Gunn Federalist 17891794 Incumbent retired.New senator elected November 19, 1800.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party James Jackson (Democratic-Republican) 58 Federalist PartyThomas P. Carnes (Federalist) 9 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 Georgia 1800 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1800 July 23, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190723123651/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ga.ussenate.1800 dead , citing Columbian Museum and Savannah Advertiser (Savannah, GA). November 25, 1800. Kentucky Humphrey Marshall Federalist 1794 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected November 20, 1800.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party John Breckinridge (Democratic-Republican) 68 Federalist PartyJohn Adair (Federalist) 13 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 Kentucky 1800 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1800 October 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214154/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ky.ussenate.1800 dead , citing The Palladium: A Literary and Political Weekly Repository (Frankfort, KY). November 25, 1800. Maryland William Hindman Federalist 1797 (special) Legislature failed to elect.Incumbent was later appointed to begin the next term. None. New Hampshire John Langdon Democratic-Republican 17881794 or 1795 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected June 21, 1800.Federalist gain. Federalist Party James Sheafe (Federalist) 83 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Langdon (Democratic-Republican) 12 UnknownOther 38 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 New Hampshire 1800 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1800 October 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214145/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1800 dead , citing The Ninth State: New Hampshire's Formative Years. 182. New York John Armstrong Democratic-Republican 1800 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 27, 1801. Democratic-Republican Party John Armstrong (Democratic-Republican) 76 Unanimous Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 New York 1801 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1801 October 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214145/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:ny.ussenate.1801 dead , citing The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). January 30, 1801. North Carolina Timothy Bloodworth Democratic-Republican 1795 Incumbent retired.New senator elected November 27, 1800.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party David Stone (Democratic-Republican) 94 Federalist PartyWilliam R. Davie (Federalist) 72 Democratic-Republican PartyRichard D. Spaight (Democratic-Republican) 8 Democratic-Republican PartyMatthew Locke (Democratic-Republican) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 North Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator.1800 October 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214417/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nc.ussenator.1800 dead , citing Legislative Papers for 1800. Box 176. State Archives of North Carolina, Raleigh. Raleigh Register, and North-Carolina Weekly Advertiser (Raleigh, NC). December 2, 1800. Pennsylvania William Bingham Federalist 1795 Incumbent retired.New senator elected February 18, 1801.http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345434 Our Campaigns - PA US Senate Race - Feb 18, 1801Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Peter Muhlenberg (Democratic-Republican) 50.0% Democratic-Republican PartyGeorge Logan (Democratic-Republican) 48.9% Democratic-Republican PartyWilliam Jones (Democratic-Republican) 1.0% South Carolina Jacob Read Federalist 1794 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected in 1800 on the second ballot.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party John E. Colhoun (Democratic-Republican) 75 Federalist PartyJohn Ward (Federalist) 73 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 South Carolina 1800 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.second.1800 October 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214255/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.second.1800 dead , citing National Intelligencer and Washington Advertiser (Washington, DC). December 15, 1800. Vermont Elijah Paine Federalist 1794 Incumbent re-elected October 21, 1800. Federalist Party Elijah Paine (Federalist) 108 Democratic-Republican PartyS. R. Bradley (Democratic-Republican) 68 Democratic-Republican PartyNathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 3 Federalist PartyWilliam Chamberlain (Federalist) 2 UnknownLot Hall (Unknown) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 4, 2018 Vermont 1800 U.S. Senate https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1800 October 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214228/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1800 dead , citing Journal of the New York Assembly, 1800. 265. The Albany Centinel (Albany, NY). April 4, 1800. Aurora. General Advertiser (Philadelphia, PA). April 10, 1800. The Centinel of Liberty, or George-town and Washington Advertiser (Georgetown, DC). April 15, 1800. Special elections during the next Congress In these special elections, the winner was seated after March 4, 1801; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoralhistory Rhode Island(Class 2) Ray Greene Federalist 1797 (special)1798 Incumbent resigned March 5, 1801.New senator elected May 6, 1801.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Christopher Ellery (Democratic-Republican) February 2020 New Hampshire(Class 2) Samuel Livermore Federalist 1798 (special) Incumbent resigned June 12, 1801.New senator elected June 17, 1801.Federalist hold. Federalist Party Simeon Olcott (Federalist) 97 Democratic-Republican PartyJohn Langdon (Democratic-Republican) 56 Others 4 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1801 October 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214802/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:nh.ussenator.1801 dead , citing Courier of New Hampshire (Concord, NH). June 18, 1801. Vermont (Class 3) Elijah Paine Federalist 17941800 Incumbent resigned September 1, 1801.New senator elected October 14, 1801.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Stephen R. Bradley (Democratic-Republican) 102 Federalist PartyWilliam Chamberlain (Federalist) 85 Democratic-Republican PartyNathaniel Niles (Democratic-Republican) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 New Hampshire 1801 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1801 October 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191016214710/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:vt.ussenate.1801 dead , citing Spooner's Vermont Journal (Windsor, VT). October 20, 1801. Maryland(Class 3) William Hindman Federalist 1800 (Appointed) Incumbent appointee did not run to finish the termNew senator elected November 12, 1801 on the second ballot.Democratic-Republican gain. Democratic-Republican Party Robert Wright (Democratic-Republican) 60 Federalist PartyWilliam Winder (Federalist) 26 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 4, 2018 Maryland 1801 U.S. Senate, Ballot 2 https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.us.senator.second.ballot.1801 July 16, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190716070604/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:md.us.senator.second.ballot.1801 dead , citing The Albany Gazette (Albany, NY). November 21, 1796. South Carolina(Class 2) Charles Pinckney Democratic-Republican 1798 (special)1798 Incumbent resigned June 6, 1801.New senator elected December 3, 1801.Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party Thomas Sumter (Democratic-Republican) 90 Federalist PartyJohn Rutledge Jr. (Federalist) 47 UnknownThomas Evans (Unknown) 1 Tufts University Tufts Digital Collations and Archives A New Nation Votes: American Election Returns 1787–1825 February 5, 2018 South Carolina 1801 U.S. Senate, Special https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1801 March 12, 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200312224157/https://elections.lib.tufts.edu/catalog/tufts:sc.ussenate.1801 dead , citing The Augusta Chronicle and Gazette of the State (Augusta, GA). December 12, 1801. Pennsylvania(Class 3) Peter Muhlenberg Democratic-Republican 1801 Incumbent resigned June 30, 1801.New senator elected December 17, 1801.http://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=345554 Our Campaigns - PA US Senate - Special Election Race - Dec 16, 1801Democratic-Republican hold. Democratic-Republican Party George Logan (Democratic-Republican) 63.6% Democratic-Republican PartyJoseph Hiester (Democratic-Republican) 28.0% Others 8.4% Connecticut thumb|x136px|Senator Uriah Tracy List of United States senators from Connecticut 1800 United States House of Representatives election in Connecticut Federalist Uriah Tracy was easily re-elected. September 2020 Georgia List of United States senators from Georgia 1800 United States House of Representatives election in Georgia September 2020 Kentucky List of United States senators from Kentucky 1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Kentucky September 2020 Maryland List of United States senators from Maryland Maryland (special, 1800) November 2022 1800 United States Senate special election in Maryland 45 AACC99 50.56% Federalist Party William Hindman 44 49.44% Richard Tilghman Earle 1801 1801 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1797 1797 United States Senate special election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative December 9, 1800 no presidential William Hindman won election over Richard Tilghman Earle by a margin of 10.11%, or 9 votes, for the Class 3 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122312 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Dec 09, 1800 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com Maryland (regular) The Maryland legislature failed to elect a senator before the March 4, 1801 beginning of the term. As such, William Hindman was appointed to fill the vacancy, and retired when a successor was elected. Maryland (special, 1801) November 2022 1801 United States Senate special election in Maryland 60 AACC99 50.56% Democratic-Republican Robert Wright Robertwrightofmaryland.jpg 26 AACC99 30.23% Democratic-Republican William Winder 1806 1806 United States Senate special election in Maryland 1800 1800 United States Senate special election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative December 9, 1800 no presidential Robert Wright won election over William Winder by a margin of 39.53%, or 34 votes, for the Class 3 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=122281 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - Nov 12, 1801 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com Massachusetts List of United States senators from Massachusetts 1800–1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Massachusetts Massachusetts (special, class 2) September 2020 Massachusetts (special, class 1) September 2020 New Hampshire List of United States senators from New Hampshire 1800 United States House of Representatives election in New Hampshire New Hampshire (regular) September 2020 New Hampshire (special) September 2020 New Jersey (special) List of United States senators from New Jersey 1800 United States House of Representatives election in New Jersey September 2020 New York List of United States senators from New York 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in New York New York (regular) 1801 United States Senate election in New York New York (special, class 1) April 1800 United States Senate special election in New York New York (special, class 3) November 1800 United States Senate special election in New York North Carolina List of United States senators from North Carolina 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in North Carolina September 2020 Pennsylvania List of United States senators from Pennsylvania 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (regular) 1801 United States Senate election in Pennsylvania Pennsylvania (special) 1801 United States Senate special election in Pennsylvania Rhode Island (special) List of United States senators from Rhode Island 1800–1801 United States House of Representatives elections in Rhode Island September 2020 South Carolina List of United States senators from South Carolina 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in South Carolina South Carolina (regular) September 2020 South Carolina (special) September 2020 Vermont List of United States senators from Vermont 1800 United States House of Representatives elections in Vermont Vermont (regular) September 2020 Vermont (special) September 2020 See also 1800 United States elections 1800 United States presidential election 1800–01 United States House of Representatives elections 6th United States Congress 7th United States Congress References Party Division in the Senate, 1789-Present, via Senate.gov