1287–1288 papal election

Election of Catholic Pope Nicholas IV 1287–88 true 4 April 1287 – 22 February 1288 Corte Savella, Aventine Hill Bentivenga dei Bentivenghi Jean Cholet Goffredo da AlatriMatteo Orsini Rosso Girolamo Masci Nicholas IV Pope Nicholas-IV.jpg 1285 1285 papal election 1292–94 1292–1294 papal election The 1287–88 papal election (April 4 – February 22) was the deadliest papal election in the history of the Roman Catholic Church, with six (or five) of the sixteen (or fifteen) cardinal electors perishing during the deliberations. Eventually, the cardinals elected Girolamo Masci, O.Min. as Pope Nicholas IV, almost a year after the death of Pope Honorius IV, who died on April 3, 1287. Nicholas IV was the first Franciscan pope.Miranda, Salvador. 1998. "Papal elections and conclaves of the 13th Century (1216-1294)." The cardinals' deaths are usually attributed to malaria.Smith, 1892, p. 93.Darras et al. (1898: 413) instead attribute them to the Black Death, though in fact this was not to reach Europe for another 60 years. After the deaths of the six cardinals, the remaining electors—with the exception of Masci—left Rome and reassembled on 15 February 1288.Pope Nicholas IV When the Cardinals reassembled in February 1288, there were seven electors left: Latino Malabranca, Bentivenga de Bentivengis, Girolamo Masci, Bernard de Languissel, Matteo Rosso Orsini, Giacomo Colonna, and Benedetto Caetani. Upon finding that Masci had remained at Santa Sabina in Rome the reassembled cardinals immediately elected him, but he refused until he was re-elected on 22 February.Brooke, 2006, p. 440. It was thought at the time that Masci had survived by keeping a fire burning in his room to "purify" the pestilential vapors, or mal aria thought to cause the disease. The election was held near Santa Sabina on Aventine Hill in the Savelli palace, Corte Savella, which Honorius IV had built and used as the de facto papal residence.Bagliani and Peterson, 2000, p. 176.Walsh, 2003, p. 88. According to Smith, Nicholas IV was, like his predecessor, "an undisguised partisan of the French interest" and "another example of the dishonest use of spiritual authority for political ends, by releasing Charles II of Naples from an inconvenient oath to Alfonso III of Aragon". Cardinal electors Elector Nationality Order Title Elevated Elevator NotesBentivenga da Bentivengi, O.F.M.AcquaspartaCardinal-bishopBishop of AlbanoMarch 12, 1278Nicholas IIIDean of the Sacred College of Cardinals; Major PenitentiariusLatino Malabranca Orsini, O.P.RomanCardinal-bishopBishop of Ostia e Velletri March 12, 1278Nicholas IIIInquisitor General of the Papal Inquisition; nephew of Pope Honorius IVBernard de LanguisselFrenchCardinal-bishopBishop of Porto e Santa RufinaApril 12, 1281Martin IVGiovanni BoccamazzaRomanCardinal-bishopBishop of FrascatiDecember 22, 1285Honorius IVCardinal-nephewGerardo BianchiParmaCardinal-bishopBishop of SabinaMarch 12, 1278Nicholas IIISome sources indicate that he was absentAccording to Dizionario biografico dei Parmigiani https://web.archive.org/web/20080906123039/http://biblioteche2.comune.parma.it/lasagni/bes-bl.htm#BIANCHI%20GERARDO 2008-09-06 he served as papal legate in the Kingdom of Sicily from 1282 until 1289 and did not participate in the papal elections in 1285 and 1287-88. S. Miranda in biographical entry of Gerardo Bianchi says that he participated in this election but gives this information with a question mark.Girolamo Masci, O.F.M.AscoliCardinal-bishopBishop of PalestrinaMarch 12, 1278Nicholas IIIElected Pope Nicholas IVJean CholetFrenchCardinal-priestTitle of S. CeciliaApril 12, 1281Martin IVProtopriestMatteo Rosso OrsiniRomanCardinal-deaconDeacon of S. Maria in PorticoMay 22, 1262Urban IVProtodeacon after the death of Goffredo da Alatri; archpriest of the Vatican Basilica since 1278; cardinal-protector of the Order of FranciscansGiacomo ColonnaRomanCardinal-deaconDeacon of S. Maria in Via LataMarch 12, 1278Nicholas IIIArchpriest of the Liberian BasilicaBenedetto Caetani, senioreAnagniCardinal-deaconDeacon of S. Nicola in Carcere TullianoApril 12, 1281Martin IVFuture Pope Boniface VIIIGoffredo da Alatri†AlatriCardinal-deaconDeacon of S. Giorgio in VelabroDecember 17, 1261Urban IVProtodeacon; Died in 1287, possibly during the sede vacante after April 3, 1287Exact date of his death is unknown. S. Miranda in the biographical entry of this cardinal says that he died before the death of Honorius IV on April 3, 1287 but in the notes to the papal election of 1287-88 includes him among cardinals who died during sede vacanteGiordano Orsini†RomanCardinal-deaconDeacon of S. EustachioMarch 12, 1278Nicholas IIIDied during the sede vacante on September 8, 1287Hugh of Evesham†EnglishCardinal-priestTitle of S. Lorenzo in LucinaApril 12, 1281Martin IVDied during the sede vacante on September 4, 1287Gervais Jeancolet de Clinchamp†FrenchCardinal-priestTitle of Ss. Silvestro e Martino ai MontiApril 12, 1281Martin IVDied during the sede vacante on September 15, 1287Glusiano de Casate†MilaneseCardinal-priestTitle of Ss. Marcellino e PietroApril 12, 1281Martin IVDied during the sede vacante on April 8, 1287Geoffroy de Bar†FrenchCardinal-priestTitle of S. SusannaApril 12, 1281Martin IVDied during the sede vacante on August 21, 1287 Notes 2 References Bagliani, Agostino Paravincini, and Peterson, David S. 2000. The Pope's Body. University of Chicago Press. 0226034372. Brooke, Rosalind B. 2006. The Image of St Francis: Responses to Sainthood in the Thirteenth Century. Cambridge University Press. 0521782910. Darras, J. E., Spalding, M. J., and White, Charles Ignatius. 1898. A General History of the Catholic Church. P. J. Kennedy. Smith, Philip. 1892. The History of the Christian Church. Harper & Bros. Walsh, Michael J. 2003. The Conclave: A Sometimes Secret and Occasionally Bloody History of Papal Elections. Rowman & Littlefield. 158051135X. collapsed Catholicism Christianity Vatican City y Biblical Studies/Christianity/Roman Catholicism/History y Category:Papal conclave y Category:Roman Catholic Church y Category:Popes y Category:Popes y Category:Christian History y Pope y Category:13th-century elections Category:1287 1287 Category:13th century in Catholicism Category:1287 in Europe Category:1288 in Europe