1999 North Indian Ocean cyclone season

none March 2012 NIO 1999 1999 North Indian Ocean cyclone season summary.jpg January 30, 1999 December 10, 1999 BOB 06(Most intense tropical cyclone in the North Indian Ocean on record) 912 140 3 8, 2 unofficial 6, 2 unofficial 4, 1 unofficial 4 3 3 (record high, tied with 2019 and 2023) 1 At least 16,485 total 5446 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001 1999 Atlantic hurricane season 1999 Pacific hurricane season 1999 Pacific typhoon season The 1999 North Indian Ocean cyclone season was an extremely active and deadly tropical cyclone season in recent times. It was an event in the annual cycle of tropical cyclone formation. The North Indian Ocean cyclone season has no official bounds, but cyclones tend to form between April and December, with peaks in May and October-November. These dates conventionally delimit the period of each year when most tropical cyclones form in the northern Indian Ocean. The scope of this article is limited to the Indian Ocean in the Northern Hemisphere, east of the Horn of Africa and west of the Malay Peninsula. There are two main seas in the North Indian Ocean – the Arabian Sea to the west of the Indian subcontinent, abbreviated ARB by the India Meteorological Department (IMD); and the Bay of Bengal to the east, abbreviated BOB by the IMD. The official Regional Specialized Meteorological Centre in this basin is the India Meteorological Department (IMD), while the Joint Typhoon Warning Center releases unofficial advisories. The tropical cyclone scale for this basin is detailed on the right. On average, 4 to 6 storms form in this basin every season.IMD Cyclone Warning Services: Tropical Cyclones http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm https://web.archive.org/web/20090529004113/http://www.imd.ernet.in/services/cyclone/tropical-cyclone.htm May 29, 2009 dead The season produced an above-average number of cyclonic storms but there was a very above-average number of intense cyclones. In May, a Category 3 cyclone struck Pakistan, leaving 6,400 people dead. In October, two very intense cyclones struck eastern India within two weeks of each other with the latter becoming the most intense Northern Indian Ocean cyclone on record, leaving over 10,000 people dead and causing more than $5.4 billion (1999 USD) in damages. __TOC__ Season summary During the 1999 season, a total of ten tropical cyclones were observed. The India Meteorological Department, the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center of the North Indian Ocean basin, identified eight of them. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center unofficially tracked two additional cyclones, 03B and 31W, during the course of the season. Systems Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB 01 NIO 01B 1999-02-03 0232Z.png Cyclone 01B 1999 track.png February 2 February 5 50 40 998 On January 30, an area of disturbed weather began to develop. Convection began to form around the center and a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert was issued the next day by the JTWC. Development of the storm stalled and the alert was cancelled. The next day, another TCFA was issued but was once more cancelled. Finally, on February 2, after the third TCFA was issued, the low pressure area developed into a tropical storm at 0900Z 370 nm west of Phuket, Thailand. The storm slowly intensified and reached its peak of 45 mph (1-min) on February 3. Shortly after peaking in intensity, vertical wind shear weakened the storm and the low became exposed by 1800Z the same day. The storm later dissipated on February 5 without making landfall.http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf Archived copy January 2, 2014 December 24, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161224234637/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf dead Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm ARB 01 (02A) NIO 02A 1999-05-20 0600Z.png Cyclone 02A 1999 track.png May 16 May 22 105 110 946 1999 Pakistan cyclone An area of disturbed weather in the Arabian Sea was monitored in early May for possible development. Over the next two weeks, strong convection would develop before sunrise but dissipate by sunset. By May 16, the convection had become constant and a TCFA was issued at 0100Z. The low became a tropical storm by 0900Z. Tropical Storm 02A intensified as it moved to the northwest and reached cyclone status on May 17 at 0600Z. At that time, a mid-latitude trough weakened the subtropical ridge, allowing 02A to curve into Pakistan. 02A continued to intensify and by May 19, it had reached its peak of 125 mph (205 km/h), just below Category four status on the SSHS. 02A made landfall on May 20 near Karachi, Pakistan at peak intensity. The storm began to dissipate as it continued inland over the Indus River Valley on May 21 and completely dissipated the next day. The cyclone struck the same area which had been hit hard by Tropical Cyclone 03A, a category three as well, almost exactly a year prior. It proved to be very deadly with 6,400 people reported to be dead. Damages totaled to $6 million (1999 USD). 02A was the strongest storm to ever form in the Arabian Sea until 2001, when cyclone 01A became the strongest storm to form in the Arabian Sea. It was itself surpassed in 2007 when Cyclone Gonu became the first category five to form in the Arabian Sea. http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf Archived copy January 2, 2014 December 24, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161224234637/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf dead That would itself be surpassed again in 2019 when Cyclone Kyarr became the most intense system in the Arabian Sea. Tropical Storm 03B NIO 03B 1999-06-10 1025Z.png Cyclone 03B 1999 track.png June 8 June 11 35 997 On June 8, an area of low pressure formed 235 nm south of Chittagong, Bangladesh. The low slowly developed over the next two days while drifting to the west and northwest. On June 10, a TCFA was issued at 0830Z and the first warning on Tropical Storm 03B was issued at 1500Z the same day. The storm made landfall as a minimal tropical storm to the west of Calcutta, India later that day. 03B rapidly weakened due to vertical wind shear and the interaction with land and dissipated on June 11. No fatalities or damages have been associated with 03B.http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf Archived copy January 2, 2014 December 24, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161224234637/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf dead Deep Depression BOB 02 NIO BOB 02 1999-06-17 0332Z.png BOB02 1999 track.png June 17 June 17 30 986 A weak depression existed on June 17 before it made landfall near Berhampur. The depression was monitored by the IMD, not the JTWC. Deep Depression BOB 03 NIO Tropical Depression BOB 03 27 Jul 1999 0929z.png BOB03 1999 track.png July 27 July 28 30 990 A depression formed on July 27, strengthened slightly before moving inland into the Odisha state on July 28. The depression was monitored by the IMD, not the JTWC. Depression BOB 04 NIO BOB 04 1999-08-06 1322Z.png BOB04 1999 track.png August 6 August 9 25 992 A depression formed in the northern Bay of Bengal on August 6 and moved inland into the Odisha state the next day. It was dissipated by August 8. The depression was monitored by the IMD, not the JTWC. Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm BOB 05 (04B) 1999 East India cyclone NIO 04B 1999-10-17 0000Z.png Cyclone 04B 1999 track.png October 15 October 19 90 120 968 On October 15, a developing area of low pressure, located 220 nm northwest of the Andaman Islands began to intensify. By 1730Z a TCFA was issued and the first advisory on Tropical Storm 04B was issued at 2100Z. 04B was moving to the west-northwest at 8–12 knots as it continued to intensify. On October 17, the storm began to turn to a more northerly direction as it intensified to a cyclone. 04B underwent explosive intensification the same day and reached its peak of 140 mph at 0000Z. The storm held this intensity as it made landfall on the Odisha coastline near Gopalpur beach. The storm began to weaken due to the interaction with land and dissipated on October 19. 04B was responsible for 198 fatalities and hundreds of houses and huts in low-lying areas were destroyed by flooding.February 2000 Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 1999 http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/archive/rsmc/1999.pdf India Meteorological Department Several thousand others were injured by the storm and hundreds were left homeless. The Prime Minister of India requested that relief supplies be distributed to the affected region immediately.Staff Writer The Birmingham Post October 20, 1999 2020-09-02 https://web.archive.org/web/20200902222951/https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-60485385/world-digest July 30, 2009 Cyclone kills 79 Questia subscription England https://www.questia.com/read/1G1-60485385/world-digest Super Cyclonic Storm BOB 06 (05B) NIO Cyclone 05B.jpg 1999 Indian cyclone 05B path.png October 25 November 3 140 140 912 1999 Odisha cyclone On October 23, a Tropical Cyclone Formation Alert (TCFA) was issued by the JTWC for an area of low pressure in the South China Sea. The low did not develop further and the TCFA was cancelled. On October 25, the low crossed the Malay Peninsula. Later that day, the system reorganized and another TCFA was issued at 1930 UTC, with advisories for Tropical Cyclone 05B initiated early the next morning. The storm tracked to the northwest and continued to intensify quickly; peaking as a 160 mph category five late on October 28. 11 hours after peaking, 05B weakened slightly to 155 mph and made landfall near the same area that 04B had only 11 days prior. The storm slowly weakened as it stalled just onshore in Odisha, India while dumping torrential rains. The storm reemerged into the Bay of Bengal on October 31 as a 45 mph tropical storm. 05B slowly weakened as it drifted southward. 05B weakened to a tropical depression on October 31, before dissipating on November 4. It was seen to have annulare structure formation when it was intensifying and had category 3 equivalent wind and pressure. It retained that structure even when it reaches peak intensity just hours before landfall. Damage from the cyclone was tremendous. Flooding from the storm's rain was described as being the worst in 100 years as well as the worst in India's post-independence history. The storm claimed the lives of at least 9,887 peopleFebruary 2000 Report on Cyclonic Disturbances Over North Indian Ocean During 1999 http://www.rsmcnewdelhi.imd.gov.in/images/pdf/archive/rsmc/1999.pdf India Meteorological Department 50–64 and 406,000 livestock. Damages from the storm totaled to $4.44 billion (1999 USD).http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf Archived copy January 2, 2014 December 24, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161224234637/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf dead Tropical Depression 31W NIO 31W 1999-12-05 0600Z.png 31-W 1999 track.png December 5 (Entered basin) December 5 20The remnants of this storm from the Western Pacific basin entered the Andaman Sea on December 5 but redevelopment did not occur.1999 Annual Tropical Cyclone Report http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf Joint Typhoon Warning Center 131 January 25, 2022 December 24, 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161224234637/http://www.usno.navy.mil/NOOC/nmfc-ph/RSS/jtwc/atcr/1999atcr.pdf dead Depression BOB 07 NIO BOB 07 1999-12-08 2155Z.png BOB07 1999 track.png December 8 December 10 25 998 A Tropical Depression formed in the Bay of Bengal on December 8. The depression was monitored by the IMD, not the JTWC. The depression remained out over open waters before dissipating on December 10.Northern Hemisphere 1999 Tropical Cyclone Season Review Season effects |- | BOB 01 || 01 February 2 –5 || bgcolor=#SCS|4 Severe Cyclonic storm || bgcolor=#SCS|095 95 km/h (60 mph) || bgcolor=#SCS|0998 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) || Sri Lanka|| 0 None || None || |- | ARB 01 || 02 May 16 –22 || bgcolor=#ESCS|6 Extremely Severe Cyclonic storm || bgcolor=#ESCS|195 195 km/h (120 mph) || bgcolor=#ESCS|0946 946 hPa (27.94 inHg) || India, Pakistan || $6 million || 6,400 || |- | 03B || 03 June 8 –11 || bgcolor=#TS|2 Tropical Storm || bgcolor=#TS|065 65 km/h (40 mph) || bgcolor=#TS|0997 997 hPa (29.12 inHg) || India || Unknown || Unknown || |- | BOB 02 || 04 June 17 –17 || bgcolor=#DD|2 Deep depression || bgcolor=#DD|055 55 km/h (35 mph) || bgcolor=#DD|0986 986 hPa (29.12 inHg) || India || Unknown || Unknown || |- | BOB 03 || 05 July 27 –28 || bgcolor=#DD|2 Deep depression || bgcolor=#DD|055 55 km/h (35 mph) || bgcolor=#DD|0990 990 hPa (29.23 inHg) || India || Unknown || Unknown || |- | BOB 04 || 06 August 6 –9 || bgcolor=#D|1 Depression || bgcolor=#D|045 45 km/h (30 mph) || bgcolor=#D|0992 992 hPa (29.29 inHg) || India || Unknown || Unknown || |- | BOB 05 || 07 October 15 –19 || bgcolor=#ESCS|6 Extremely Severe Cyclonic Storm || bgcolor=#ESCS|165 165 km/h (105 mph) || bgcolor=#ESCS|0968 968 hPa (28.59 inHg) || India, Myanmar || $1 billion || 198 || |- | BOB 06 || 08 October 25 – November 3 || bgcolor=#SUCS|7 Super Cyclonic Storm || bgcolor=#SUCS|260 260 km/h (160 mph) || bgcolor=#SUCS|0912 912 hPa (26.93 inHg) || India, Thailand, Myanmar, Bangladesh || $4.44 billion || >9,887 || |- | 31W || 09 December 5 || bgcolor=#TD|1 Tropical Depression || bgcolor=#TD|035 35 km/h (25 mph) || bgcolor=#TD| Not specified || Myanmar, Thailand || None || None || |- | BOB 07 || 10 December 8 –10 || bgcolor=#D|1 Depression || bgcolor=#D|045 45 km/h (30 mph) || bgcolor=#D|0998 998 hPa (29.47 inHg) || India, Sri Lanka || None || None || |- 8 systems, 2 unofficial February 2–December 10 260 km/h (160 mph) 912 hPa (26.93 inHg) $5.446 billion >16,485 See also Tropical cyclones List of North Indian Ocean cyclone seasons 1999 Atlantic hurricane season 1999 Pacific hurricane season 1999 Pacific typhoon season South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1998–99, 1999–00 Australian region cyclone seasons: 1998–99, 1999–00 South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1998–99, 1999–00 References 2 External links Primer for Parliamentarians Gary Padgett Summaries Unisys Track JTWC Archive 1990 North Indian Ocean cyclone 1999