1323 Tugela

Dark background asteroid October 2019 yes 1323 Tugela #D6D6D6 C. Jackson Johannesburg Obs. 19 May 1934 (1323) Tugela 1934 LD1974 HR 31974 KM1974 KOA908 UBA911 HC Tugela River(South African river) main-belt(outer)background 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5) 0 109.02 yr (39,818 days) 3.7100 AU 2.7510 AU 3.2305 AU 0.1484 5.81 yr (2,121 days) 234.50° 0.1697 ms / day 18.787° 45.241° 136.10° 58.44 3.4 km58.50 km (derived)62.00 19.32 km63.45 0.94 km67.76 25.28 km78.295 0.511 km90.557 0.542 km110.11 1.73 km 19.50 0.02 hlightcurve-plot-Warner19.777 0.0365 h 0.018 0.0040.0236 0.00440.04 0.020.04 0.030.048 0.0020.0567 0.0070.0620 (derived) SMASS XcPC (assumed) 9.56 0.629.809.849.9010.245 0.001 (S) 1323 Tugela, provisional designation 1934 LD, is a dark background asteroid from the outer regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 60 kilometers in diameter. It was discovered on 19 May 1934, by South African astronomer Cyril Jackson at the Union Observatory in Johannesburg. The asteroid was named for the Tugela River in western South Africa. Orbit and classification Tugela is a non-family asteroid from the main belt's background population. It orbits the Sun in the outer main-belt at a distance of 2.8–3.7 AU once every 5 years and 10 months (2,121 days; semi-major axis of 3.23 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.15 and an inclination of 19° with respect to the ecliptic. The body's observation arc begins with its first identification as A908 UB at Heidelberg Observatory in October 1908, almost 26 years prior to its official discovery observation at Johannesburg. Physical characteristics In the SMASS classification, Tugela is an Xc-subtype that transitions from the X-type to the carbonaceous C-type asteroids. The Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE) characterized it as a primitive P-type asteroid, while the Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL) assumes it to be a C-type. Rotation period Observations performed by American astronomer Brian Warner at the Palmer Divide Observatory in Colorado Springs, Colorado, during February 2007 produced a lightcurve with a period of 19.50 ± 0.02 hours and an amplitude of 0.25 ± 0.02 in magnitude (U=3).lightcurve-plot-Warner In September 2011, photometry in the S-band at the Palomar Transient Factory gave a similar period of 19.777 hours with a brightness variation of 0.18 magnitude (U=2). Diameter and albedo According to the surveys carried out by the Infrared Astronomical Satellite IRAS, the Japanese Akari satellite and the NEOWISE mission of NASA's WISE telescope, Tugela measures between 58.44 and 110.11 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.018 and 0.0567. CALL largely agrees with IRAS and derives an albedo of 0.0620 with a diameter of 58.50 kilometers based on an absolute magnitude of 9.8. Naming This minor planet was named after the Tugela River, the largest river in the KwaZulu-Natal Province of western South Africa. The official naming citation was mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 121). Notes lightcurve-plot-Warner Lightcurve plot of 1323 Tugela, Palmer Divide Observatory, B. D. Warner (2007). Summary figures at the LCDB References 30em 2017-11-02 last obs. JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1323 Tugela (1934 LD) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2001323 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 30 November 2017 Dictionary of Minor Planet Names – (1323) Tugela Schmadel Lutz D. Springer Berlin Heidelberg 108 2007 978-3-540-00238-3 10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1324 (1323) Tugela 1323 Tugela (1934 LD) Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=1323 30 November 2017 6 Joseph R. Masiero T. Grav A. K. Mainzer C. R. Nugent J. M. Bauer R. Stevenson S. Sonnett August 2014 Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos The Astrophysical Journal 791 2 11 2014ApJ...791..121M 10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121 1406.6645 119293330 Asteroid 1323 Tugela – Proper Elements AstDyS-2, Asteroids – Dynamic Site https://newton.spacedys.com/astdys/index.php?pc=1.1.6&n=1323 29 October 2019 1323 30 November 2017 6 Fumihiko Usui Daisuke Kuroda Thomas G. Müller Sunao Hasegawa Masateru Ishiguro Takafumi Ootsubo Daisuke Ishihara Hirokazu Kataza Satoshi Takita Shinki Oyabu Munetaka Ueno Hideo Matsuhara Takashi Onaka October 2011 Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan 63 5 1117–1138 2011PASJ...63.1117U 10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117 (online, AcuA catalog p. 153) E. F. Tedesco P. V. Noah M. Noah S. D. Price October 2004 IRAS Minor Planet Survey V6.0 https://sbnarchive.psi.edu/pds3/iras/IRAS_A_FPA_3_RDR_IMPS_V6_0/data/diamalb.tab NASA Planetary Data System 12 IRAS-A-FPA-3-RDR-IMPS-V6.0 2004PDSS...12.....T 22 October 2019 6 A. Mainzer T. Grav J. Masiero E. Hand J. Bauer D. Tholen R. S. McMillan T. Spahr R. M. Cutri E. Wright J. Watkins W. Mo C. Maleszewski November 2011 NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results The Astrophysical Journal 741 2 25 2011ApJ...741...90M 10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90 1109.6407 35447010 6 C. R. Nugent A. Mainzer J. Masiero J. Bauer R. M. Cutri T. Grav E. Kramer S. Sonnett R. Stevenson E. L. Wright December 2015 NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year One: Preliminary Asteroid Diameters and Albedos http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015ApJ...814..117N The Astrophysical Journal 814 2 13 2015ApJ...814..117N 10.1088/0004-637X/814/2/117 1509.02522 9341381 30 November 2017 6 Joseph R. Masiero A. K. Mainzer T. Grav J. M. Bauer R. M. Cutri C. Nugent M. S. Cabrera November 2012 Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2012ApJ...759L...8M The Astrophysical Journal Letters 759 1 5 2012ApJ...759L...8M 10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8 1209.5794 46350317 30 November 2017 6 C. R. Nugent A. Mainzer J. Bauer R. M. Cutri E. A. Kramer T. Grav J. Masiero S. Sonnett E. L. Wright September 2016 NEOWISE Reactivation Mission Year Two: Asteroid Diameters and Albedos The Astronomical Journal 152 3 12 2016AJ....152...63N 10.3847/0004-6256/152/3/63 1606.08923 free Warner, Brian D. September 2007 Asteroid Lightcurve Analysis at the Palmer Divide Observatory - December 2006 - March 2007 http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2007MPBu...34...72W The Minor Planet Bulletin 34 3 72–77 1052-8091 2007MPBu...34...72W 30 November 2017 6 Adam Waszczak Chan-Kao Chang Eran O. Ofek Russ Laher Frank Masci David Levitan Jason Surace Yu-Chi Cheng Wing-Huen Ip Daisuke Kinoshita George Helou Thomas A. Prince Shrinivas Kulkarni September 2015 Asteroid Light Curves from the Palomar Transient Factory Survey: Rotation Periods and Phase Functions from Sparse Photometry http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015AJ....150...75W The Astronomical Journal 150 3 35 2015AJ....150...75W 10.1088/0004-6256/150/3/75 1504.04041 8342929 30 November 2017 6 Peter Veres Robert Jedicke Alan Fitzsimmons Larry Denneau Mikael Granvik Bryce Bolin Serge Chastel Richard J. Wainscoat William S. Burgett Kenneth C. Chambers Heather Flewelling Nick Kaiser Eugen A. Magnier Jeff S. Morgan Paul A. Price John L. Tonry Christopher Waters November 2015 Absolute magnitudes and slope parameters for 250,000 asteroids observed by Pan-STARRS PS1 - Preliminary results http://adsabs.harvard.edu/cgi-bin/bib_query?bibcode=2015Icar..261...34V Icarus 261 34–47 2015Icar..261...34V 10.1016/j.icarus.2015.08.007 1506.00762 53493339 30 November 2017 External links Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB), query form (info https://web.archive.org/web/20171216050541/http://www.minorplanet.info/lightcurvedatabase.html 16 December 2017 ) Dictionary of Minor Planet Names, Google books Asteroids and comets rotation curves, CdR https://web.archive.org/web/20160729213840/http://obswww.unige.ch/~behrend/page_cou.html 29 July 2016 – Observatoire de Genève, Raoul Behrend Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (1)-(5000) – Minor Planet Center 1323 1322 Coppernicus 1323 1324 Knysna 001323 Category:Discoveries by Cyril Jackson (astronomer) Category:Named minor planets 001323 19340519