1978 Tour de France

April 2019 May 2019 1978 Tour de France Route of the 1978 Tour de France.png Route of the 1978 Tour de France 360px 29 June – 23 July 1978 22 + Prologue, including two split stages 3908 km 108h 18' 00" Bernard Hinault FRA REN 1978 yellow Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1978 Joaquim Agostinho POR Flandria 1978 Freddy Maertens BEL Flandria 1978 green Mariano Martínez FRA Jobo 1978 polkadot Jacques Bossis FRA REN 1978 Henk Lubberding NED TIR 1978 white Mercier 1978 TIR 1978 Paul Wellens BEL TIR 1978 1977 1979 The 1978 Tour de France was the 65th edition of the Tour de France, one of cycling's Grand Tours. It took place between 29 June and 23 July, with 22 stages covering a distance of 3908 km 0 on. The 1978 Tour had a high-profile doping case when Michel Pollentier was caught in an attempt to cheat the doping test, after he had won the 16th stage to Alpe d'Huez, and had taken the lead in the general classification. Pollentier left the race, and the overall victory became a battle between Joop Zoetemelk and Bernard Hinault. In the end, it was won by debutant Bernard Hinault, for the first of his five victories. The points classification was won by Freddy Maertens, and the mountains classification by Mariano Martínez. Teams List of teams and cyclists in the 1978 Tour de France The 1978 Tour started with 11 teams, each sent 10 cyclists, a total of 110.http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1978/partants.html Historique du Tour de France - Year 1978: The starters Amaury Sport Organisation 18 September 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20110913052948/http://www.letour.fr/HISTO/us/TDF/1978/partants.html 13 September 2011 dead dmy-all The teams entering the race were: 20em C&A 1978 Fiat 1978 Flandria 1978 Jobo 1978 KAS 1978 Lejeune–BP Mercier 1978 Peugeot 1978 REN 1978 Teka 1978 TIR 1978 Pre-race favourites Since the 1977 Tour de France, dominant riders as Eddy Merckx, Felice Gimondi, Raymond Poulidor and Luis Ocaña had retired.Thompson, p.215 Lucien Van Impe, the winner of 1976, had broken his collarbone and was still recovering.http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/Feb06/top25-9.htm 1978: The Cannibal Retires, the Badger Shines Cycling Revealed 2006 Boyce, Barry 16 May 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20100720204551/http://www.cyclingrevealed.com/Feb06/top25-9.htm 20 July 2010 live The main contenders were debutant Hinault, who had won the 1978 Vuelta a España, and Joop Zoetemelk, who had already finished in second place for three times. Pre-race analysis judged Hinault better in the time trials, and Zoetemelk better in the mountains. Bernard Thévenet, the winner of the 1977 Tour de France, was out of form, and not considered a favourite. Route and stages The 1978 Tour de France started on 29 June, and had two rest days, in Biarritz and Alpe d'Huez.Augendre 2016 69 The highest point of elevation in the race was 2115 m ft on at the summit of the Col du Tourmalet mountain pass on stage 11.Augendre 2016 188Ronde van Frankrijk Tour de France https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010376579:mpeg21:p007 De Waarheid 24 June 1978 7 nl Delpher The twenty-first stage from Épernay to Senlis was split in three parts: 78.5 km from Épernay to Soissons, directly followed by 59 km from Soissons to Compiègne, directly followed by 70.5 km from Compiègne to Senlis; the sprints in Soissons and Compiègne counted as flying stages, which were won by Freddy Maertens and Wilfried Wesemael.http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010959903%3Ampeg21%3Ap016%3Aa0243 Acht Nederlandse zege's nl Koninklijke Bibliotheek Het vrije volk 24 July 1978 8 December 2013 16 https://web.archive.org/web/20131215185325/http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010959903%3Ampeg21%3Ap016%3Aa0243 15 December 2013 live Although they technically had the same status as all other stages, these flying stages are not shown in most overviews. + Stage characteristics and winners65ème Tour de France 1978 65th Tour de France 1978 http://memoire-du-cyclisme.eu/eta_tdf/tdf1978.php Mémoire du cyclisme 6 April 2020 frAugendre 2016 69http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html#1978 Tour de France GC top ten Arian Zwegers CVCCBike.com 15 August 2011 https://web.archive.org/web/20080516071832/http://www.cvccbike.com/tour/top_ten.html 16 May 2008 live Stage Date Course Distance Type Winner P29 June Leiden (Netherlands) 5 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Jan Raas NED 1a30 June Leiden to Sint Willebrord (Netherlands) 135 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jan Raas NED 1b Sint Willebrord (Netherlands) to Brussels (Belgium) 100 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Walter Planckaert BEL 21 July Brussels (Belgium) to Saint-Amand-les-Eaux 199 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jacques Esclassan FRA 32 July Saint-Amand-les-Eaux to Saint-Germain-en-Laye 244 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Klaus-Peter Thaler FRG 43 July Évreux to Caen 153 km on alt=|link=Team time trial|20px Team time trial NED TIR 1978 54 July Caen to Mazé–Montgeoffroy 244 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Freddy Maertens BEL 65 July Mazé–Montgeoffroy to Poitiers 162 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Sean Kelly IRE 76 July Poitiers to Bordeaux 242 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Freddy Maertens BEL 87 July Saint-Émilion to Sainte-Foy-la-Grande 59 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Bernard Hinault FRA 98 July Bordeaux to Biarritz 233 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Miguel María Lasa ESP 1977 9 July Biarritz Rest day 1010 July Biarritz to Pau 192 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Henk Lubberding NED 1111 July Pau to Saint-Lary-Soulan Pla d'Adet 161 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Mariano Martínez FRA 12a12 July Tarbes to Valence d'Agen 158 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Cancelled 12b Valence d'Agen to Toulouse 96 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jacques Esclassan FRA 1313 July Figeac to Super Besse 221 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Paul Wellens BEL 1414 July Besse-en-Chandesse to Puy-de-Dôme 52 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Joop Zoetemelk NED 1515 July Saint-Dier-d'Auvergne to Saint-Étienne 196 km on 20px|alt=|link= Hilly stage Bernard Hinault FRA 1616 July St-Étienne to Alpe d'Huez 241 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Hennie Kuiper NED 17 July Alpe d'Huez Rest day 1718 July Grenoble to Morzine 225 km on 20px|alt=|link= Stage with mountain(s) Christian Seznec FRA 1819 July Morzine to Lausanne (Switzerland) 137 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gerrie Knetemann NED 1920 July Lausanne (Switzerland) to Belfort 182 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Marc Demeyer BEL 2021 July Metz to Nancy 72 km on 20px|alt=|link= Individual time trial Bernard Hinault FRA 2122 July Épernay to Senlis 207 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Jan Raas NED 2223 July Saint Germain en Laye to Paris (Champs-Élysées) 162 km on 20px|alt=|link= Plain stage Gerrie Knetemann NED Total 3908 km 0 onAugendre 2016 109 Race overview 1978 Tour de France, Prologue to Stage 11 1978 Tour de France, Stage 12a to Stage 22 thumb|left|The start of stage 1b in Sint Willebrord, Netherlands During the prologue, held in the Netherlands, the weather was bad. The four top places were taken by Dutch cyclists, with Jan Raas the winner. The team directors then had a meeting, and all but the manager of Raas' team voted to request the Tour directors to not count the results from the prologue for the overall classification. The directors agreed, so the prologue results did not count.McGann McGann 2008 111–117The story of the 1978 Tour de France https://www.bluetoad.com/article/TdF_1978/774495/74444/article.html ROAD Magazine Valencia, California H3 Publications August 2011 90–94 BlueToad 6 March 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190306025447/https://www.bluetoad.com/article/TdF_1978/774495/74444/article.html 6 March 2019 live Jan Raas was still given the stage win, but he was not recognized as race leader, so he was not allowed to wear the yellow jersey during the first stage. The winner of the previous year, Bernard Thévenet, was allowed to wear the yellow jersey, but he refused.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 In that first stage, Raas and his team were full of anger. Raas escaped close to the finish, and beat everybody by a second, thus becoming the race's leader after all.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 Raas lost the lead in the third stage. The fourth stage was run as a time trial. The TI–Raleigh team was specialized in this, and they won the stage. Klaus-Peter Thaler of the TI–Raleigh team became the new leader, thanks to the bonification seconds.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 Hinault beat Zoetemelk in the time trial in stage eight. Joseph Bruyère, former second man of Eddy Merckx, finished in second place and became the new race leader.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 The eleventh stage included the toughest mountains in the Pyrenées. On the last mountain, the Pla d'Adet, Pollentier and Zoetemelk attacked, and Martinez and Hinault soon followed. Martinez rode away to win the stage, and Hinault won some seconds on Zoetemelk. Bruyère stayed the leader, with Hinault in second place and Zoetemelk in third place. During that stage, Thevenet retired.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 The next day, the twelfth stage was scheduled, split into two sections. This meant that after the transfer from the previous stage, the riders were not in bed before 12:00 am, and had to wake up at 5:00 am.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 In the early stage to Valence-d'Agen, the riders held a strike against the early start. They rode at a slow pace of 20 km/h mph, arrived at the finish well behind schedule, and crossed the finish line walking.Thompson, p.102 The Tour officials canceled the stage. The fourteenth stage was an individual mountain time trial. Zoetemelk won the stage, beating Bruyère by 55 seconds and Hinault by 100 seconds. Hinault had lost some time because his lightweight bike, that he intended to use for the steepest part, broke when he hit a spectator while changing bikes.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 thumb|upright|Bernard Hinault celebrating winning the general classification at the end of the Tour In the sixteenth stage, that ended on top of Alpe d'Huez, Pollentier attacked. At the foot of the Alpe d'Huez, Pollentier had a margin of two minutes. He was chased by Hinault, Zoetemelk and Kuiper, who at 4 km before the finish had closed the gap to 50 seconds. Hinault then attacked, and Kuiper could follow but Zoetemelk had to let them go. Pollentier stayed away, won the stage and became the new leader of the general classification. As stage winner and general classification leader, Pollentier had to go to the doping control. Pollentier first went to his hotel, and was only found two hours later.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 Another cyclist at the doping control, Antoine Guttierrez, was found with a fake urine sample, trying to use it to fake the doping control. This device did not work, and the race doctor discovered the fraud. He then checked the other cyclists, and Pollentier was using the same fraud.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 Pollentier was removed from the race, and Zoetemelk became the new leader. Pollentier later explained that he tried to evade the controls because he had taken amphetamines for breathing, and he did not know if it would give back a positive test.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 In the seventeenth stage, Kuiper, third in the general classification, crashed, broke a clavicle, and had to leave the race.McGann McGann 2008 111–117 Hinault was only 14 seconds behind Zoetemelk at the start of the time trial in stage 20. Hinault won that time trial by more than four minutes over Zoetemelk, and became the race leader. Doping In total, 110 doping tests were done. Three cyclists were penalised for doping offences, all tested after the sixteenth stage;http://www.dopage.com/cas-dopage/tombes-au-champs-dhonneur-81-105-11-770.html Tombés au champs d'honneur Magazine Sport & Vie fr 79 July 2003 16 May 2011 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20071213011439/http://www.dopage.com/cas-dopage/tombes-au-champs-dhonneur-81-105-11-770.html 13 December 2007 Antoine Guttierrez, for attempt of fraud; Michel Pollentier, for attempt of fraud; and José Nazabal. Nazabal had already anticipated the positive result, and had left the race before the eighteenth stage. Guttierrez and Pollentier were removed from the race and banned for two months; Nazabal was set back to the last place of the stage, received ten minutes penalty time in the general classification, a fine of 1000 Swiss Francs and one month provisional suspension. Classification leadership and minor prizes There were several classifications in the 1978 Tour de France, four of them awarding jerseys to their leaders.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–455 The most important was the general classification, calculated by adding each cyclist's finishing times on each stage. The cyclist with the least accumulated time was the race leader, identified by the yellow jersey; the winner of this classification is considered the winner of the Tour.Nauright Parrish 2012 452–453 Some rules were changed after the 1977 Tour de France, mainly concerning the time bonuses. In previous years, intermediate sprints were not associated with time bonuses, but in 1978, the winner of such a sprint got 20 seconds bonification time, if he was part of an escape (defined as a group with less than 20% of the total cyclists, with a margin of 20 seconds of more on the next group).http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd%3A010959882%3Ampeg21%3Ap017%3Aa0290 https://archive.today/20130713143911/http://kranten.kb.nl/view/article/id/ddd:010959882:mpeg21:p017:a0290 dead 13 July 2013 Bonificaties, truien, punten en klassementen nl 29 June 1978 De Arbeiderspers Het Vrije Volk 13 July 2013 The penalty system was also changed. In previous years, cyclists who broke the rules on minor points (being pushed, taking drinks on places where it was not allowed) were penalised with points in the points classification. From 1978 on, time penalties were also given for the general classification. Additionally, there was a points classification, where cyclists got points for finishing among the best in a stage finish, or in intermediate sprints. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and was identified with a green jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 453–454 There was also a mountains classification. The organisation had categorised some climbs as either first, second, third, or fourth-category; points for this classification were won by the first cyclists that reached the top of these climbs first, with more points available for the higher-categorised climbs. The cyclist with the most points lead the classification, and wore a white jersey with red polka dots.Nauright Parrish 2012 454 Another classification was the young rider classification.Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455 This was decided the same way as the general classification, but restricted to riders who were born after 1 July 1978, and were in their first or second year as professional cyclist. There were 34 riders that qualified for the classification on the start list.https://www.dekrantvantoen.nl//vw/article.do?id=LC-19780714-9003 Henk Lubberding rijdt een geweldige Tour, ook al valt dat nauwelijks op Henk Lubberding is driving a great Tour, even though that is hardly noticeable nl Leeuwarder Courant 14 July 1978 9 https://web.archive.org/web/20190306052139/https://www.dekrantvantoen.nl//vw/article.do?id=LC-19780714-9003 6 March 2019 live De Krant van Toen The leader wore a white jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 454–455 The fifth individual classification was the intermediate sprints classification. This classification had similar rules as the points classification, but only points were awarded on intermediate sprints. In 1978, this classification had no associated jersey.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 The team classification in 1977 was calculated with the times of the three best cyclists per team, but was in 1978 changed to the best five cyclists.https://www.dekrantvantoen.nl/vw/article.do?id=LC-19771110-13007 Tour de France '78 bijna 4000 km lang Tour de France '78 almost 4000 km long nl Leeuwarder Courant 10 November 1977 13 https://web.archive.org/web/20190306051023/https://www.dekrantvantoen.nl/vw/article.do?id=LC-19771110-13007 6 March 2019 live De Krant van Toen The riders in the team that led this classification were identified by yellow caps.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 There was also a team points classification. Cyclists received points according to their finishing position on each stage, with the first rider receiving one point. The first three finishers of each team had their points combined, and the team with the fewest points led the classification. The riders of the team leading this classification wore green caps.Nauright Parrish 2012 455 The Kas team finished with only two cyclists, so was not eligible for the team classifications.http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1978/07/24/MD19780724-025.pdf Clasificaciones oficiales 24 July 1978 25 es Mundo Deportivo https://web.archive.org/web/20191006192225/http://hemeroteca-paginas.mundodeportivo.com/EMD01/HEM/1978/07/24/MD19780724-025.pdf 6 October 2019 live The Souvenir Henri Desgrange was given in honour of Tour founder Henri Desgrange to the first rider to pass a point on stage 11 in the valley village of Sainte-Marie de Campan climb. This prize was won by Christian Seznec.Tour-Varia Tour-Miscellaneous https://krantenbankzeeland.nl/issue/stm/1978-07-12/edition/null/page/8 De Stem 12 July 1978 8 nl Krantenbank Zeeland In addition, there was a combativity award, in which a jury composed of journalists gave points after certain stages to the cyclist they considered most combative. The split stages each had a combined winner.van den Akker 2018 211–216 At the conclusion of the Tour, Paul Wellens won the overall super-combativity award, also decided by journalists.Augendre 2016 69 +Classification leadership by stagehttp://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19780724&id=GVA-19780724-01011011 Tour panorama nl Gazet van Antwerpen 24 July 1978 11 https://web.archive.org/web/20190214183242/http://krantenarchief.concentra.be/vw/article.do?code=GVA&date=19780724&id=GVA-19780724-01011011 14 February 2019 livevan den Akker Pieter Informatie over de Tour de France van 1978 Information about the Tour de France from 1978 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1978 https://web.archive.org/web/20190302051017/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/tour.php?jaar=1978 2 March 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 2 March 2019 live Stage Stage winner General classification25px|alt=|link=General classification in the Tour de France Points classification25px|alt=|link=Points classification in the Tour de France Mountains classification25px|alt=|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France Young rider classification25px|alt=|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France Intermediate sprints classification Team classifications By time By points P Jan Raas cancelled no awardno award no award no award cancelled cancelled 1a Jan Raas Jan Raas Jan Raas Jean-Louis Gauthier Freddy Maertens TIR 1978 TIR 1978 1b Walter Planckaert Freddy Maertens 2 Jacques Esclassan Roger Legeay Sean Kelly 3 Klaus-Peter Thaler Jacques Bossis René Bittinger Jacques Bossis 4 TIR 1978 Klaus-Peter Thaler 5 Freddy Maertens REN 1978 6 Sean Kelly Gerrie Knetemann Peugeot 1978 7 Freddy Maertens 8 Bernard Hinault Joseph Bruyère Henk Lubberding 9 Miguel María Lasa 10 Henk Lubberding Gilbert Lelay 11 Mariano Martínez Michel Pollentier REN 1978 12a cancelled 12b Jacques Esclassan Peugeot 1978 13 Paul Wellens C&A 1978 TIR 1978 14 Joop Zoetemelk 15 Bernard Hinault Mercier 1978 16 Hennie Kuiper Joop Zoetemelk Mariano Martínez 17 Christian Seznec Bernard Hinault 18 Gerrie Knetemann Mariano Martínez 19 Marc Demeyer 20 Bernard Hinault Bernard Hinault 21 Jan Raas 22 Gerrie Knetemann Final Bernard Hinault Freddy Maertens white Mariano Martínez Mariano Martínez (cyclist) Henk Lubberding Jacques Bossis Mercier 1978 TIR 1978 Final standings Legend 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. Denotes the winner of the general classification 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. Denotes the winner of the points classification 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. Denotes the winner of the mountains classification 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. Denotes the winner of the young rider classification General classification + Final general classification (1–10)Magowan 1979 198Duker 1978 "Final general classification" Rank Rider Team Time 1 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. REN 1978 108h 18' 00" 2 Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1978 + 3' 56" 3 Joaquim Agostinho POR Flandria 1978 + 6' 54" 4 Joseph Bruyère BEL C&A 1978 + 9' 04" 5 Christian Seznec FRA Mercier 1978 + 12' 50" 6 Paul Wellens BEL TIR 1978 + 14' 38" 7 Francisco Galdós ESP 1977 KAS 1978 + 17' 08" 8 Henk Lubberding NED 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. TIR 1978 + 17' 26" 9 Lucien Van Impe BEL C&A 1978 + 21' 01" 10 Mariano Martínez FRA 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. Jobo 1978 + 22' 58" Final general classification (11–78)Magowan 1979 198 Rank Rider Team Time 11 Sven-Åke Nilsson SWE Mercier 1978 + 23' 00" 12 Raymond Martin FRA Mercier 1978 + 32' 58" 13 Freddy Maertens BEL 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. Flandria 1978 + 34' 26" 14 Michel Laurent FRA Peugeot 1978 + 40' 00" 15 André Romero FRA Jobo 1978 + 49' 34" 16 Edouard Janssens BEL C&A 1978 + 51' 19" 17 Yves Hézard FRA Peugeot 1978 + 53' 20" 18 Antonio Menéndez ESP 1977 Teka 1978 + 53' 28" 19 René Bittinger FRA Flandria 1978 + 53' 47" 20 Jos Deschoenmaecker BEL C&A 1978 + 54' 14" 21 Pierre Bazzo FRA Lejeune–BP + 55' 35" 22 José Martins POR Teka 1978 + 57' 07" 23 Gilbert Le Lay FRA Fiat 1978 + 57' 40" 24 Jan Raas NED TIR 1978 + 58' 43" 25 Fedor den Hertog NED Lejeune–BP + 1h 01' 46" 26 René Martens BEL C&A 1978 + 1h 02' 29" 27 Maurice Le Guilloux FRA Mercier 1978 + 1h 02' 40" 28 Bernard Bourreau FRA Peugeot 1978 + 1h 06' 34" 29 Patrick Perret FRA Mercier 1978 + 1h 06' 34" 30 Ferdinand Julien FRA Jobo 1978 + 1h 06' 45" 31 Pierre-Raymond Villemiane FRA REN 1978 + 1h 07' 50" 32 Juan Pujol ESP 1977 KAS 1978 + 1h 08' 20" 33 Charles Rouxel FRA Mercier 1978 + 1h 09' 19" 34 Sean Kelly IRE Flandria 1978 + 1h 10' 18" 35 Klaus-Peter Thaler FRG TIR 1978 + 1h 10' 22" 36 André Mollet FRA Mercier 1978 + 1h 13' 38" 37 Gilbert Chaumaz FRA REN 1978 + 1h 15' 50" 38 Willy Teirlinck BEL REN 1978 + 1h 16' 30" 39 Andrés Oliva ESP 1977 Teka 1978 + 1h 20' 06" 40 Pedro Vilardebó ESP 1977 Teka 1978 + 1h 21' 27" 41 Miguel María Lasa ESP 1977 Teka 1978 + 1h 21' 37" 42 Roger Legeay FRA Lejeune–BP + 1h 29' 39" 43 Gerrie Knetemann NED TIR 1978 + 1h 30' 10" 44 Herman Beysens BEL Flandria 1978 + 1h 31' 58" 45 Hubert Mathis FRA Mercier 1978 + 1h 34' 40" 46 Bernardo Alfonsel ESP 1977 Teka 1978 + 1h 35' 51" 47 Wilfried Wesemael BEL TIR 1978 + 1h 36' 16" 48 Alain De Carvalho FRA Fiat 1978 + 1h 39' 48" 49 Marc Demeyer BEL Flandria 1978 + 1h 40' 50" 50 Dominique Sanders FRA Fiat 1978 + 1h 41' 26" 51 René Dillen BEL C&A 1978 + 1h 41' 31" 52 Lucien Didier LUX REN 1978 + 1h 44' 44" 53 Christian Muselet FRA Flandria 1978 + 1h 48' 10" 54 Alain Patritti FRA Jobo 1978 + 1h 50' 07" 55 José De Cauwer BEL TIR 1978 + 1h 50' 12" 56 Albert Van Vlierberghe BEL Flandria 1978 + 1h 52' 03" 57 Aad van den Hoek NED TIR 1978 + 1h 53' 13" 58 Bernard Quilfen FRA REN 1978 + 1h 53' 46" 59 Marcel Tinazzi FRA Flandria 1978 + 1h 53' 46" 60 Marcel Laurens BEL C&A 1978 + 1h 56' 53" 61 Jacques Esclassan FRA Peugeot 1978 + 2h 00' 25" 62 Jacques Bossis FRA REN 1978 + 2h 02' 36" 63 André Chalmel FRA REN 1978 + 2h 03' 23" 64 Jean-Luc Vandenbroucke BEL Peugeot 1978 + 2h 04' 07" 65 Barry Hoban GBR Mercier 1978 + 2h 06' 33" 66 Eugène Plet FRA Lejeune–BP + 2h 10' 16" 67 Serge Beucherie FRA Fiat 1978 + 2h 16' 40" 68 Philippe Durel FRA Jobo 1978 + 2h 17' 13" 69 Jean-Louis Gauthier FRA Lejeune–BP + 2h 17' 16" 70 Paul Sherwen GBR Fiat 1978 + 2h 18' 54" 71 Alain Budet FRA Fiat 1978 + 2h 20' 13" 72 Dino Bertolo FRA Jobo 1978 + 2h 25' 50" 73 Jean-Jacques Fussien FRA Fiat 1978 + 2h 27' 02" 74 Yvon Bertin FRA REN 1978 + 2h 36' 31" 75 Daniel Gisiger SUI Lejeune–BP + 2h 49' 16" 76 Régis Delépine FRA Peugeot 1978 + 3h 02' 41" 77 Dante Coccolo FRA Jobo 1978 + 3h 24' 18" 78 Philippe Tesnière FRA Fiat 1978 + 3h 52' 26" Points classification +Final points classification (1–10)Magowan 1979 199 Rank Rider Team Points 1 Freddy Maertens BEL 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. Flandria 1978 242 2 Jacques Esclassan FRA Peugeot 1978 185 3 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. REN 1978 123 4 Jan Raas NED TIR 1978 109 5 Joseph Bruyère BEL C&A 1978 100 6 Klaus-Peter Thaler FRG TIR 1978 91 7 Yvon Bertin FRA REN 1978 79 8 Jacques Bossis FRA REN 1978 74 9 Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1978 71 10 Joaquim Agostinho POR Teka 1978 70 Mountains classification +Final mountains classification (1–10)Magowan 1979 199 Rank Rider Team Points 1 Mariano Martínez FRA 20px|link=Mountains classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey with red polka dots. Jobo 1978 187 2 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. REN 1978 176 3 Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1978 155 4 Christian Seznec FRA Mercier 1978 90 5 Joaquim Agostinho POR Flandria 1978 73 6 Sven-Åke Nilsson SWE Mercier 1978 70 7 Paul Wellens BEL TIR 1978 68 8 René Bittinger FRA Flandria 1978 63 9 Gilbert Le Lay FRA Fiat 1978 54 10 Lucien Van Impe BEL C&A 1978 53 Young rider classification +Final young rider classification (1–10)Magowan 1979 199van den Akker Pieter Stand in het jongerenklassement – Etappe 22 Standings in the youth classification – Stage 22 http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/jongerenstand.php?jaar=1978&etappe=22 https://web.archive.org/web/20190424231636/http://www.tourdefrancestatistieken.nl/jongerenstand.php?jaar=1978 24 April 2019 nl TourDeFranceStatistieken.nl 6 March 2019 live Rank Rider Team Time 1 Henk Lubberding NED 20px|link=Young rider classification in the Tour de France|alt=A white jersey. TIR 1978 108h 35' 26" 2 Sven-Åke Nilsson SWE Mercier 1978 + 05' 34" 3 René Bittinger FRA Flandria 1978 + 36' 21" 4 Pierre Bazzo FRA Lejeune–BP + 38' 09" 5 Gilbert Le Lay FRA Fiat 1978 + 40' 14" 6 René Martens BEL C&A 1978 + 45' 03" 7 Pierre-Raymond Villemiane FRA REN 1978 + 50' 24" 8 Juan Pujol ESP 1977 KAS 1978 + 50' 54" 9 Sean Kelly IRE Flandria 1978 + 52' 52" 10 Gilbert Chaumaz FRA REN 1978 + 58' 24" Intermediate sprints classification +Final intermediate sprints classification (1–10)Magowan 1979 199Duker 1978 "Hot spot sprints classification" Rank Rider Team Points 1 Jacques Bossis FRA REN 1978 95 2 Philippe Tesnière FRA Fiat 1978 60 3 Pierre-Raymond Villemiane FRA REN 1978 52 4 Freddy Maertens BEL 20px|link=Points classification in the Tour de France|alt=A green jersey. Flandria 1978 44 5 Marcel Laurens BEL C&A 1978 21 6 Jean-Jacques Fussien FRA Fiat 1978 18 7 Bernard Hinault FRA 20px|link=General classification in the Tour de France|alt=A yellow jersey. REN 1978 18 8 Jacques Esclassan FRA Peugeot 1978 16 9 Yvon Bertin FRA REN 1978 15 10 Sean Kelly IRE Flandria 1978 14 Team classification +Final team classification (1–10)Magowan 1979 199 Rank Team Time1Mercier 1978 562h 05' 52"2TIR 1978 + 17' 20"3C&A 1978 + 17' 22"4Flandria 1978 + 1h 15' 45"5REN 1978 + 1h 47' 46"6Peugeot 1978 + 4h 25' 36"7Lejeune–BP + 4h 29' 18"8Teka 1978 + 4h 51' 32"9Jobo 1978 + 5h 02' 48"10Fiat 1978 + 7h 04' 37" Team points classification +Final team points classification (1–10)Magowan 1979 199 Rank Team Time1TIR 1978 7202REN 1978 9093Flandria 1978 9724Mercier 1978 10725Peugeot 1978 11446C&A 1978 14567Jobo 1978 16568Lejeune–BP 17299Fiat 1978 234710Teka 1978 2629 Super Prestige Pernod ranking The top twelve places of the general classification awarded points that contributed towards the Super Prestige Pernod ranking,Gedupeerd comité dreigt met rechter Leiden lijdt door Peter Heerkens The injured committee is in danger of being led by judge Peter Heerkens nl Delpher https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010563249:mpeg21:p029 Limburgs Dagblad 30 June 1978 29 an international season-long road cycling competition, with the winner seen as the best all-round rider.Moore Richard Richard Moore (journalist) Remembering Super Prestige Pernod, the season-long battle for title of best rider in the world https://cyclingtips.com/2017/06/remembering-super-prestige-pernod-season-long-battle-title-best-rider-world/ 3 February 2019 CyclingTips Wade Wallace 13 June 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20190204065759/https://cyclingtips.com/2017/06/remembering-super-prestige-pernod-season-long-battle-title-best-rider-world/ 4 February 2019 live The 110 points accrued by Bernard Hinault moved him to the top, replacing Francesco Moser, who did not ride the Tour.Tour-puntig Tour-pointed nl Delpher https://resolver.kb.nl/resolve?urn=ddd:010563217:mpeg21:p009 Limburgs Dagblad 30 June 1978 9 + Super Prestige Pernod ranking on 23 July 1978 (1–6) Rank Rider Team Points 1 Bernard Hinault FRA REN 1978 210 2 Francesco Moser ITA Filotex 1978 178 3 Joop Zoetemelk NED Mercier 1978 136 4 Roger De Vlaeminck BEL Filotex 1978 104 5 Michel Pollentier BEL Flandria 1978 104 6 Joseph Bruyère BEL C&A 1978 103 See also Sports France 1978 Giro d'Italia 1978 Vuelta a España 1978 in sports Doping at the Tour de France List of doping cases in cycling References 30em Bibliography Jacques Augendre Jacques Augendre http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf Guide historique Historical guide 2016 fr 27 October 2016 PDF Tour de France Paris Amaury Sport Organisation https://web.archive.org/web/20160817121602/http://netstorage.lequipe.fr/ASO/cyclisme/le-tour/2016/histoire/TDF16_GH_Interactif-PROD.pdf 17 August 2016 live Duker Peter Tour de France 1978 1978 Kennedy Brothers Publishing Keighley, UK 67121801 https://books.google.com/books?id=F_m1AAAAIAAJ Tour de France: The 75th anniversary cycle race Robin Magowan 978-0-09-138730-3 Stanley Paul London 1979 McGann Bill McGann Carol The Story of the Tour de France: 1965–2007 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=V8mlwItBhhcC Dog Ear Publishing Indianapolis 2008 978-1-59858-608-4 Nauright John Parrish Charles Sports Around the World: History, Culture, and Practice 2 https://books.google.com/books?id=IkLYDgTnMxEC 2012 ABC-CLIO Santa Barbara, California 978-1-59884-300-2 https://books.google.com/books?id=UpzzPqexF00C The Tour de France: A Cultural History Christopher S. Thompson 978-0-520-25630-9 University of California Press Oakland, California 2008 van den Akker Pieter Tour de France Rules and Statistics: 1903–2018 https://books.google.com/books?id=09sxwQEACAAJ 2018 Self-published 978-1-79398-080-9 Further reading Mapping Le Tour Ellis Bacon HarperCollins Publishers Glasgow 2014 164–165 9780007543991 872700415 External links 1978 Tour de France P 11 12a 22 Tour de France Tour de France Category:Tour de France by year Tour de France, 1978 Tour de France Tour de France Category:1978 Super Prestige Pernod