2014 in science

none September 2020 2014 science 2014 thumb|right|300px|In November 2014, the Philae lander launched by the European Space Agency's Rosetta spacecraft performed the first successful landing on a comet (Philaes target, Comet 67P, pictured). A number of significant scientific events occurred in 2014, including the first robotic landing on a comet and the first complete stem-cell-assisted recovery from paraplegia. The year also saw a significant expansion in the worldwide use and sophistication of technologies such as unmanned aerial vehicles and wearable electronics. The United Nations declared 2014 the International Year of Family Farming and Crystallography.International Years https://www.un.org/en/events/observances/years.shtml United Nations 10 March 2013 United Nations Events, discoveries and inventions January thumb|right|200px|1 January 2014: New computer models show that climate change is more sensitive to the effects of cloud formation than previously thought. 1 January – A study published in Nature shows that the role of cloud formation in climate change has been underestimated. As a result, global temperatures could increase by 4 °C by 2100 and possibly 8 °C by 2200.Spread in model climate sensitivity traced to atmospheric convective mixing Nature 1 January 2014 505 7481 37–42 2014Natur.505...37S Sherwood Steven C Bony Sandrine Dufresne Jean-Louis 10.1038/nature12829 24380952 205236718 https://zenodo.org/record/3425698 1959.4/unsworks_13600 freeJuly 2023 InternetArchiveBot yes z3081268 http://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science/solution-cloud-riddle-reveals-hotter-future Solution to cloud riddle reveals hotter future UNSW Newsroom UNSW 1 January 2014 3 January 2014 2 January Researchers have shown in precise detail how a molecular defect is responsible for myotonic dystrophy type 2, then designed a potential drug candidate to reverse the disease.http://www.scripps.edu/news/press/2014/20140102disney.html Scripps Florida Scientists Uncover Most Detailed Picture Yet of Muscular Dystrophy Defect then Design Targeted New Drug Candidates The Scripps Research Institute 2 January 2014 3 January 2014 The asteroid 2014 AA impacts the Earth a few hours after it was first sighted. This was the second time an asteroid was observed before it impacted with Earth (the first being 2008 TC3). 5 January – A launch of the communication satellite GSAT-14 from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre aboard the GSLV Mk.II D5 marks the first successful flight of an Indian cryogenic rocket engine, the CE-7.5.Indigenous Cryogenic Upper Stage Successfully Flight Tested On-board GSLV-D5 http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Jan06_2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140108174921/http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Jan06_2014 8 January 2014 14 June 2025 ISRO 6 January – A new way to destroy metastasizing cancer cells traveling through the bloodstream has been discovered by researchers at Cornell University.https://mediarelations.cornell.edu/2014/01/06/piggy-backing-proteins-ride-white-blood-cells-to-wipe-out-metastasizing-cancer/ https://web.archive.org/web/20140108194457/http://mediarelations.cornell.edu/2014/01/06/piggy-backing-proteins-ride-white-blood-cells-to-wipe-out-metastasizing-cancer/ dead 8 January 2014 Piggy-backing proteins ride white blood cells to wipe out metastasizing cancer Cornell University 6 January 2014 13 January 2014 7 January – NASA releases the deepest image ever taken of a galaxy cluster not long after the Big Bang. The image includes Abell 2744, a galaxy cluster in the Sculptor constellation, and was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope.Clavin Whitney Jenkins Ann Villard Ray NASA's Hubble and Spitzer Team up to Probe Faraway Galaxies http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-007 7 January 2014 NASA 8 January 2014 8 January Using the Sloan Digital Telescope, astronomers have measured the distance to galaxies six billion light-years away – about halfway back to the Big Bang – to an accuracy of just 1 percent. This could aid in the understanding of dark energy, which is thought to be driving the expansion of the universe.http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/01/08/astronomers-measure-far-off-galaxies-to-1-percent-precision/ Astronomers measure far-off galaxies to 1 percent precision University of Washington 8 January 2014 8 January 2014 A detailed survey of lion populations has revealed that in West Africa, their numbers have collapsed with less than 250 adults remaining.The Lion in West Africa Is Critically Endangered PLOS ONE 8 January 2014 10.1371/journal.pone.0083500 24421889 3885426 9 1 e83500 Henschel Philipp Coad Lauren Burton Cole Chataigner Beatrice Dunn Andrew MacDonald David Saidu Yohanna Hunter Luke T. B. 2014PLoSO...983500H free 13 January New analysis of a Tiktaalik roseae fossil, dating back 375 million years, has revealed a key link in the evolution of hind limbs that challenges existing theories on how they first developed.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140113154211.htm Discovery of New Tiktaalik Roseae Fossils Reveals Key Link in Evolution of Hind Limbs Science Daily 13 January 2014 14 January 2014 Chemists have engineered a plastic artificial cell containing organelles capable of producing the various steps in a chemical reaction.http://www.ru.nl/english/university/vm/news/@929865/first-plastic-cell/ https://archive.today/20140117073048/http://www.ru.nl/english/university/vm/news/@929865/first-plastic-cell/ 17 January 2014 First plastic cell with working organelle Radboud University Nijmegen 13 January 2014 17 January 2014 14 January A giant trench deeper than the Grand Canyon has been discovered under Antarctic ice.http://phys.org/news/2014-01-scientists-giant-trench-antarctic-ice.html Scientists discover giant trench under Antarctic Ice PhysOrg 14 January 2014 15 January 2014 Illumina, Inc. has demonstrated the first $1,000 genome.http://investor.illumina.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=121127&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1890696&highlight= Illumina Introduces the HiSeq X Ten Sequencing System Illumina 14 January 2014 15 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20181110034810/http://investor.illumina.com/phoenix.zhtml?c=121127&p=irol-newsArticle&ID=1890696&highlight= 10 November 2018 16 January A new gene therapy technique has restored the sight of six patients who would otherwise have gone blind.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-25718064 Gene therapy 'could be used to treat blindness' BBC 16 January 2014 16 January 2014 Google reports the development of a contact lens glucose monitor. NM Farandos AK Yetisen MJ Monteiro CR Lowe SH Yun 35508652 Contact Lens Sensors in Ocular Diagnostics Advanced Healthcare Materials 4 6 792–810 2014 10.1002/adhm.201400504 25400274Lardinois Frederic Google Unveils Smart Contact Lens That Lets Diabetics Measure Their Glucose Levels https://techcrunch.com/2014/01/16/google-shows-off-smart-contact-lens-that-lets-diabetics-measure-their-glucose-levels/ 16 January 2014 TechCrunch 17 January 2014 Mendoza Martha Google develops contact lens glucose monitor http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140117/DABC8C484.html 16 January 2014 Associated Press 17 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140201133407/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140117/DABC8C484.html 1 February 2014 China's Yutu rover completes its first examination of the lunar soil.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25763168 China's Jade Rabbit rover explores Moon soil BBC 16 January 2014 17 January 2014 thumb|right|200px|"Mystery" rock? found by the Opportunity rover on the planet Mars – comparison of images: Sol 3528 and Sol 3540 (23 January 2014) (b/w) (solution). 17 January – NASA reports that a Mars rock, named "Pinnacle Island", that was not in an Opportunity rover image taken on Sol 3528, "mysteriously" appeared 13 days later in a similar image taken on Sol 3540.O'Neill Ian Mystery Rock 'Appears' in Front of Mars Rover http://www.space.com/24330-mars-rover-mystery-rock-appears.html 17 January 2014 Space.com 18 January 2014 Chang Kenneth Mars Rover Marks an Unexpected Anniversary With a Mysterious Discovery https://www.nytimes.com/2014/01/24/science/space/mars-rover-marks-an-unexpected-anniversary-with-a-mysterious-discovery.html 24 January 2014 The New York Times 24 January 2014 – UPDATE (14 February 2014): "Mystery" seems to have been solved – the location where the rock was dislodged by the rover has been found. (image) 20 January – The ESA's Rosetta spacecraft "wakes up" from hibernation mode to monitor comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko for the next 16 months as the comet travels into, and then out of, the inner Solar System. The spacecraft is expected to deploy the Philae lander on the comet's surface in November 2014.Jordans Frank Comet-chasing probe sends signal to Earth http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140120/DABEMKSO3.html 20 January 2014 Associated Press 20 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202141305/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140120/DABEMKSO3.html 2 February 2014 Jordans Frank Scientists hope comet-chaser spacecraft wakes up http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140120/DABEGOPG0.html 20 January 2014 Associated Press 20 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140202140946/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140120/DABEGOPG0.html 2 February 2014 Agle DC Cook Jia-Rui Brown Dwayne Bauer Markus NASA Release = 2014-015 – Rosetta: To Chase a Comet http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-015 17 January 2014 NASA 18 January 2014 https://nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov/nmc/spacecraft/display.action?id=PHILAE Philae NASA 10 March 2013 21 January Globally, 2013 was tied with 2003 as the fourth warmest year on record, according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA).http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2013/12 Global Analysis – December 2013 NOAA 21 January 2014 21 January 2014 One quarter of the world's cartilaginous fish, namely sharks and rays, face extinction within the next few decades, according to latest research.https://www.sfu.ca/pamr/media-releases/2014/study-says-sharks-rays-globally-overfished.html Study: sharks/rays globally overfished Simon Fraser University 21 January 2014 21 January 2014 26 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140126001118/http://www.sfu.ca/pamr/media-releases/2014/study-says-sharks-rays-globally-overfished.htmlExtinction risk and conservation of the world's sharks and rays eLife 3 e00590 21 January 2014 10.7554/eLife.00590 24448405 3897121 Dulvy Nicholas K. Fowler Sarah L. Musick John A. Cavanagh Rachel D. Kyne Peter M. Harrison Lucy R. Carlson John K. Davidson Lindsay NK Fordham Sonja V. Francis Malcolm P. Pollock Caroline M. Simpfendorfer Colin A. Burgess George H. Carpenter Kent E. Compagno Leonard JV Ebert David A. Gibson Claudine Heupel Michelle R. Livingstone Suzanne R. Sanciangco Jonnell C. Stevens John D. Valenti Sarah White William T. free A new device created by the University of California enables real-time measurements of drug metabolism and concentration in the bloodstream, potentially improving the way doses are administered.http://www.news.ucsb.edu/2014/013903/live-feed-our-bodies Live Feed into Our Bodies University of California 21 January 2014 25 January 2014 Extreme air pollution in Asia and China in particular is having a clear impact on weather and climate patterns, according to a study of aerosols and meteorology over the past 30 years.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140121130034.htm Air pollution from Asia affecting world's weather Science Daily 21 January 2014 25 January 2014 22 January ESA scientists report the detection, for the first definitive time, of water vapor on the dwarf planet, Ceres, largest object in the asteroid belt.Küppers Michael O'Rourke Laurence Bockelée-Morvan Dominique Dominique Bockelée-Morvan Zakharov Vladimir Lee Seungwon von Allmen Paul Carry Benoît Teyssier David Marston Anthony Müller Thomas Crovisier Jacques Barucci M. Antonietta Moreno Raphael Localized sources of water vapour on the dwarf planet (1) Ceres Nature 505 7484 2014 525–527 0028-0836 10.1038/nature12918 24451541 2014Natur.505..525K 4448395 The detection was made by using the far-infrared abilities of the Herschel Space Observatory.Harrington J.D. Herschel Telescope Detects Water on Dwarf Planet – Release 14-021 http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/january/herschel-telescope-detects-water-on-dwarf-planet 22 January 2014 NASA 22 January 2014 The finding is unexpected because comets, not asteroids, are typically considered to "sprout jets and plumes". According to one of the scientists, "The lines are becoming more and more blurred between comets and asteroids." Researchers have determined that the earliest memories prior to the age of three will tend to disappear when a child reaches the age of seven, a phenomenon known as "childhood amnesia."http://esciencecommons.blogspot.co.uk/2014/01/psychologists-document-age-our-earliest.html Psychologists document the age our earliest memories fade Emory University 22 January 2014 22 January 2014 The leech Ozobranchus jantseanus has been shown to survive for 24 hours at −321 °F (−196 °C) and for nine months at −130 °F (−90 °C), a finding that could yield insights into cryopreservation for humans.A Leech Capable of Surviving Exposure to Extremely Low Temperatures 22 January 2014 10.1371/journal.pone.0086807 24466250 3899358 9 1 PLOS ONE e86807 Suzuki Dai Miyamoto Tomoko Kikawada Takahiro Watanabe Manabu Suzuki Toru 2014PLoSO...986807S freehttp://www.popsci.com/article/science/leech-can-survive-24-hour-submersion-liquid-nitrogen This Leech Can Survive A 24-Hour Submersion in Liquid Nitrogen PopSci 28 January 2014 30 January 2014 23 January – A new microscopy technique can eliminate distortion from nano-scale images.http://news.ncsu.edu/releases/wms-lebeau-rotate/ New Microscopy Technique Improves Imaging at the Atomic Scale North Carolina State University 23 January 2014 24 January 2014 24 January – NASA reports that current studies on the planet Mars by the Curiosity and Opportunity rovers will now be searching for evidence of ancient life, including a biosphere based on autotrophic, chemotrophic and/or chemolithoautotrophic microorganisms, as well as ancient water, including fluvio-lacustrine environments (plains related to ancient rivers or lakes) that may have been habitable.Grotzinger John P. Introduction to Special Issue – Habitability, Taphonomy, and the Search for Organic Carbon on Mars Science 24 January 2014 343 6169 386–387 10.1126/science.1249944 2014Sci...343..386G 24458635 free Various Special Issue – Table of Contents – Exploring Martian Habitability https://www.science.org/toc/science/343/6169 24 January 2014 Science 343 6169 345–452 24 January 2014 Various Special Collection – Curiosity – Exploring Martian Habitability https://www.science.org/action/doSearch?AllField=Curiosity+Mars 24 January 2014 Science 24 January 2014 A Habitable Fluvio-Lacustrine Environment at Yellowknife Bay, Gale Crater, Mars 24 January 2014 Science 343 6169 1242777 10.1126/science.1242777 Grotzinger J. P. Sumner D. Y. Kah L. C. Stack K. Gupta S. Edgar L. Rubin D. Lewis K. Schieber J. Mangold N. Milliken R. Conrad P. G. Desmarais D. Farmer J. Siebach K. Calef F. Hurowitz J. McLennan S. M. Ming D. Vaniman D. Crisp J. Vasavada A. Edgett K. S. Malin M. Blake D. Gellert R. Mahaffy P. Wiens R. C. Maurice S. Grant J. A. 1 2014Sci...343A.386G 24324272 52836398 The search for evidence of habitability, taphonomy (related to fossils), and organic carbon on the planet Mars is now a primary NASA objective. 26 January – New research indicates that most of the Grand Canyon is much younger than previously thought, having formed as recently as 5 or 6 million years ago, compared to 70 million years as previously estimated.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25881953 Grand Canyon 'formed recently' BBC 26 January 2014 27 January 2014 27 January – Genetic analysis of a European male from 7,000 years ago has revealed he had dark skin, dark hair and blue eyes – suggesting that lighter skin colour evolved much later than was previously assumed.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-25885519 Hunter-gatherer European had blue eyes and dark skin BBC 27 January 2014 27 January 2014 28 January – A new study shows that living near a fracking site may increase the risk of some birth defects by as much as 30 percent.http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/122/1/ehp.1306722.pdf Birth Outcomes and Maternal Residential Proximity to Natural Gas Development in Rural Colorado Environmental Health Perspectives 28 January 2014 31 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140201122424/http://ehp.niehs.nih.gov/wp-content/uploads/122/1/ehp.1306722.pdf 1 February 2014 As many as 15 million Americans may live within one mile of a drilling well.http://america.aljazeera.com/articles/2014/1/30/new-study-links-frackingtobirthdefectsinheavilydrilledcolorado.html New study links fracking to birth defects in heavily drilled Colorado Aljazeera 30 January 2014 31 January 2014 29 January The axolotl may have gone extinct in the wild. None were found in a recent survey of its only remaining natural habitat, Lake Xochimilco.https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jan/29/mexico-water-monster-axolotl-vanished Mexico's 'water monster' the axolotl may have vanished from natural habitat The Guardian 29 January 2014 29 January 2014 Japanese researchers have reported that they developed a way of turning adult mice cells into stem cells by dipping them in acid. If true, this could pave the way for routine use of stem cells in regenerative medicine with a technique that is cheaper, faster and more efficient than before.http://www.researchsea.com/html/article.php/aid/8058/cid/1/research/science/nature_publishing_group/a_new_way_to_induce_pluripotency.html A new way to induce pluripotency ResearchSEA 29 January 2014 31 January 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20160305062623/http://researchsea.com/html/article.php/aid/8058/cid/1/research/science/nature_publishing_group/a_new_way_to_induce_pluripotency.html 5 March 2016https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/av/science-environment-25967136 Stem cell researcher Dr Haruko Obokata on 'breakthrough' BBC 30 January 2014 31 January 2014 However, other investigators could not reproduce the effect, and so this "discovery" remains controversial.http://www.japantimes.co.jp/news/2014/12/26/national/stap-cells-claimed-by-obokata-were-likely-embryonic-stem-cells 'STAP cells' claimed by Obokata were likely embryonic stem cells 26 December 2014 Kameda Masaaki The Japan Times thumb|300px|First image by the Curiosity rover of the Earth and Moon in the night sky of Mars (31 January 2014). 31 January A new way of electrochemically converting CO2 – a greenhouse gas – into carbon monoxide has been developed at the University of Delaware.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/01/140131083250.htm New catalyst to convert greenhouse gases into chemicals Science Daily 31 January 2014 31 January 2014 The world's first monkeys with genes modified by CRISPR/Cas9, a new form of DNA engineering, have been created in a Chinese laboratory.December 2020 Despite warnings from scientists about the ecological impact, Australia's government has approved plans to dump three million cubic metres of sediment near the Great Barrier Reef, as part of the world's largest coal port.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-25974608 Australia Great Barrier Reef dredge dumping plan approved BBC 31 January 2014 2 February 2014 February 3 February By the 2080s, most former Winter Olympics venues will no longer be suitable for hosting the games due to lack of snow, according to a new study.http://www.newsdaily.com/article/fa327c70eca013a4a7eea2490798824a/truck-in-the-snow-warming-to-hit-future-winter-games Truck in the snow: Warming to hit future Winter Games News Daily 3 February 2014 3 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140221171353/http://www.newsdaily.com/article/fa327c70eca013a4a7eea2490798824a/truck-in-the-snow-warming-to-hit-future-winter-games 21 February 2014 As larger mammals become extinct, rats could dominate many ecological niches and evolve to huge sizes in the future, according to an academic from the University of Leicester.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140203084014.htm Rat islands 'a laboratory of future evolution': Rats predicted to fill in Earth's emptying ecospace Science Daily 3 February 2014 4 February 2014 The first single-molecule LED has been created.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140203093521.htm Researchers develop first single-molecule LED Science Daily 3 February 2014 4 February 2014 5 February – A Danish man has been fitted with a prosthetic hand capable of delivering a sense of touch.http://www.technologyreview.com/news/524286/a-robotic-hand-this-time-with-feeling/ A Robotic Hand, This Time with Feeling Technology Review 5 February 2014 7 February 2014 6 February NASA releases the first image by the Curiosity rover of the Earth and the Moon in the night sky of Mars.Revkin Andrew C. Martian View of Our Pale Dot http://dotearth.blogs.nytimes.com/2014/02/06/a-martian-view-of-our-pale-dot 6 February 2014 The New York Times 9 February 2014 NASA reports that the Mars Curiosity rover, in order to reduce wear on its wheels by avoiding rougher terrain,Webster Guy Mars Science Laboratory Mission Status Report http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-028 29 January 2014 NASA 8 February 2014 has successfully crossed (image) the "Dingo Gap" sand dune and is now expected to travel a smoother route to Mount Sharp.Webster Guy Through the Gap: Curiosity Mars Rover Crosses Dune http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-035 6 February 2014 NASA 8 February 2014 7 February – Archaeologists report that human footprints, possibly from Homo antecessor, that may be as much as 1 million years old, were found at Happisburgh in eastern England, in May 2013.Lawless Jill Scientists find 800,000-year-old footprints in UK http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140207/DABQFQI80.html 7 February 2014 Associated Press 7 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140222042857/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140207/DABQFQI80.html 22 February 2014 Ghosh Pallab Earliest footprints outside Africa discovered in Norfolk https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26025763 7 February 2014 BBC 7 February 2014 Ashton N Lewis SG De Groote I Duffy SM Bates M 2014 Hominin Footprints from Early Pleistocene Deposits at Happisburgh, UK PLOS ONE 9 2 e88329 10.1371/journal.pone.0088329 5 Hoare Peter Lewis Mark Parfitt Simon A. Peglar Sylvia Williams Craig Stringer Chris 24516637 3917592 2014PLoSO...988329A free Ashton Nicholas The earliest human footprints outside Africa British Museum blog http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2014/02/07/the-earliest-human-footprints-outside-africa-2/ British Museum 7 February 2014 7 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140207143405/http://blog.britishmuseum.org/2014/02/07/the-earliest-human-footprints-outside-africa-2/ 7 February 2014 7 February – New species of wild pepper, Piper kelleyi, is described in PhytoKeys.Eric Tepe Genoveva Rodríguez-Castañeda Andrea Glassmire Lee Dyer Piper kelleyi, a hotspot of ecological interactions and a new species from Ecuador and Peru PhytoKeys 10.3897/phytokeys.34.6376 24596490 3941067 7 February 2014 34 19–32 2014PhytK..34...19T free 9 February – The discovery of one of the oldest known stars in the Universe, SMSS J031300.36-670839.3, is announced.http://www.abc.net.au/science/articles/2014/02/10/3941073.htm Oldest known star discovered ABC Online 9 February 2014 9 February 2014Brainard Curtis The Archaeology of the Stars https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/11/science/space/the-archaeology-of-the-stars.html 10 February 2014 The New York Times 10 February 2014 10 February New and more precise dating techniques indicate that the End Permian extinction event happened over the course of 60,000 years, about 10 times faster than previously thought.http://web.mit.edu/newsoffice/2014/an-extinction-in-the-blink-of-an-eye-0210.html An extinction in the blink of an eye MIT 10 February 2014 11 February 2014 Nanomotors have been controlled inside living cells for the first time.http://news.psu.edu/story/303296/2014/02/10/research/nanomotors-are-controlled-first-time-inside-living-cells Nanomotors are controlled, for the first time, inside living cells Penn State 10 February 2014 11 February 2014 11 February – Scientists at King's College London have identified a gene linking brain structure to intelligence.http://www.kcl.ac.uk/iop/news/records/2014/February/Scientists-identify-gene-linking-brain-structure-to-intelligence.aspx Scientists identify gene linking brain structure to intelligence King's College London 11 February 2014 12 February 2014 5 July 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140705122304/http://www.kcl.ac.uk/iop/news/records/2014/February/Scientists-identify-gene-linking-brain-structure-to-intelligence.aspx 12 February The discovery of four new galactic clusters is announced in the Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.http://phys.org/news/2014-02-galaxy-clusters-billion-years-earth.html Four new galaxy clusters discovered 10 billion light years from Earth Phys.org 12 February 2014 12 February 2014 The first global geologic map of Ganymede, the largest moon in the Solar System, has been produced.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140212144524.htm First global geologic map of Jupiter's largest moon Ganymede details an icy world Science Daily 12 February 2014 14 February 2014 A newly discovered ichthyosaur fossil has revealed the earliest live reptile birth, dating back 248 million years. It suggests that live-bearing evolved on land and not in the sea.Terrestrial Origin of Viviparity in Mesozoic Marine Reptiles Indicated by Early Triassic Embryonic Fossils 12 February 2014 10.1371/journal.pone.0088640 9 2 PLOS ONE e88640 24533127 3922983 Motani R Jiang DY Tintori A Rieppel O Chen GB 2014PLoSO...988640M free 14 February – New evidence, revealed in a study of 400 gay men, has strengthened the idea that male sexual orientation is influenced by genes.https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/feb/14/genes-influence-male-sexual-orientation-study Male sexual orientation influenced by genes, study shows The Guardian 14 February 2014 16 February 2014 17 February Genetically modified potatoes capable of resisting blight have been developed by British scientists.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26189722 Genetically modified potatoes 'resist late blight' BBC 17 February 2014 17 February 2014http://www.tsl.ac.uk/gmspuds.html GM spuds beat blight TSL 17 February 2014 17 February 2014 9 June 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140609025048/http://www.tsl.ac.uk/gmspuds.html An abrupt stop to geoengineering with sulfate particle injections will make global warming even worse, according to researchers.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/02/140217200823.htm Global warming: Warning against abrupt stop to geoengineering method (if started) Science Daily 17 February 2014 18 February 2014 18 February – Astronomers report that asteroid 2000 EM26, a Near-Earth Asteroid (NEA) and Potentially Hazardous Asteroid (PHA), 270 m ft on in diameter, safely passed by the EarthSaul Heather Asteroid 2000 EM26 'as big as three football fields' hurtles past Earth https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/asteroid-2000-em26-as-big-as-three-football-fields-hurtles-past-earth-9135450.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/asteroid-2000-em26-as-big-as-three-football-fields-hurtles-past-earth-9135450.html 1 May 2022 subscription 18 February 2014 The Independent 18 February 2014 at a distance about 8.8 times further from Earth than the Moon. The event was broadcast liveNovember 2017 InternetArchiveBot yes (YouTube archiveStaff Potentially Hazardous Asteroid Zipping by Earth on Close-Approach (video, 57:50) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MCFWUemLzM0#t=2037 18 February 2014 YouTube 18 February 2014 ) at 09:00pm EST (02:00 UTC, 18 February 2014) by the Slooh community observatory.Kramer Miriam Huge Asteroid to Fly Safely By Earth Monday: Watch It Live http://www.space.com/24704-asteroid-2000-em26-earth-flyby-webcast.html 15 February 2014 Space.com 17 February 2014 Staff Potentially hazardous asteroid 2000 EM26 zipping by Earth on close approach on February 17 http://phys.org/news/2014-02-potentially-hazardous-asteroid-em26-earth.html 14 February 2014 Phys.org 17 February 2014 Staff A 270m asteroid is to swing past Earth almost exactly a year after a meteor burst over Russia http://www.heraldsun.com.au/technology/science/a-270m-asteroid-is-to-swing-past-earth-almost-exactly-a-year-after-a-meteor-burst-over-russia/story-fnjwlbuf-1226829178390 16 February 2014 Herald Sun 16 February 2014 Yeomans Donald K. JPL Small-Body Database Browser (2000 EM26) http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2000%20EM26&orb=1 16 February 2014 NASA 16 February 2014 (image of Earth-Asteroid orbits). 19 February Melting sea ice in the Arctic and the resulting exposure of dark water is reducing Earth's albedo more than previously forecast, according to NASA.http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-satellites-see-arctic-surface-darkening-faster/index.html NASA Satellites See Arctic Surface Darkening Faster NASA 19 February 2014 19 February 2014 The European Space Agency (ESA) has selected the PLAnetary Transits and Oscillations of stars (PLATO) observatory as the third medium-sized (M) mission in its Cosmic Vision programme. This will begin operation in 2024, looking for truly Earth-like planets around Sun-like stars, in sufficient detail to examine their atmospheres for signs of life.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26267918 European Space Agency picks Plato planet-hunting mission BBC 20 February 2014 20 February 2014http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/ESA_selects_planet-hunting_PLATO_mission ESA selects planet-hunting PLATO mission ESA 19 February 2014 20 February 2014 German and Ukrainian scientists prepared a photoactivated peptide, antibiotic Gramicidin S analogue, antimicrobial activity of which can be reversibly switched "off" by UV light and "on" by visible lightControlling Biological Activity with Light: Diarylethene-Containing Cyclic Peptidomimetics 19 February 2014 10.1002/anie.201310019 53 13 Angewandte Chemie International Edition 3392–3395 24554486 Babii O Afonin S Berditsch M Reiβer S Mykhailiuk PK Kubyshkin VS Steinbrecher T Ulrich AS Komarov IV 2014ACIE...53.3392B 20 February – The biggest ever stem cell trial involving heart attack patients has commenced in London. It will examine 3,000 patients in 11 European countries, determining whether death rates can be reduced and damaged tissues repaired after a heart attack.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-26273707 Can stem cells heal broken hearts? BBC 20 February 2014 20 February 2014 21 February – NASA announces a greatly upgraded databaseHoover Rachel Need to Track Organic Nano-Particles Across the Universe? NASA's Got an App for That http://www.nasa.gov/ames/need-to-track-organic-nano-particles-across-the-universe-nasas-got-an-app-for-that/ 21 February 2014 NASA 22 February 2014 6 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150906061428/http://www.nasa.gov/ames/need-to-track-organic-nano-particles-across-the-universe-nasas-got-an-app-for-that/ for tracking polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in the universe. According to scientists, more than 20% of the carbon in the universe may be associated with PAHs, possible starting materials for the formation of life. PAHs seem to have been formed shortly after the Big Bang, are abundant in the universe,Carey Bjorn Life's Building Blocks 'Abundant in Space' http://www.space.com/1686-life-building-blocks-abundant-space.html 18 October 2005 Space.com 3 March 2014 Hudgins Douglas M. Bauschlicher Jr Charles W. Allamandola L. J. Variations in the Peak Position of the 6.2 μm Interstellar Emission Feature: A Tracer of N in the Interstellar Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon Population 10 October 2005 Astrophysical Journal 632 316–332 10.1086/432495 2005ApJ...632..316H 1 free Allamandola, Louis Cosmic Distribution of Chemical Complexity http://amesteam.arc.nasa.gov/Research/cosmic.html 13 April 2011 NASA 3 March 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140227184503/http://amesteam.arc.nasa.gov/Research/cosmic.html 27 February 2014 and are associated with new stars and exoplanets. 22 February – ISMCBBPR through their president, Isidro A. T. Savillo, announces the Molecule of the Year 2012 as Desmosterol.http://www.scientistsolutions.com/t29256-announcing+ismcbbpr_s+molecule+of+the+year+2012.html Announcing ISMCBBPR's Molecule of the Year 2012 Scientist Solutions 23 February 2014 24 September 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150924095328/http://www.scientistsolutions.com/t29256-announcing+ismcbbpr_s+molecule+of+the+year+2012.html 24 February Following a long delay due to technical issues, the first 128 GB microSD card has been announced, based on 16 memory dies vertically stacked, each shaved to be thinner than a strand of hair.http://www.sandisk.com/about-sandisk/press-room/press-releases/2014/sandisk-introduces-worlds-highest-capacity-microsdxc-memory-card-at-128gb/ SANDISK INTRODUCES WORLD'S HIGHEST CAPACITY microSDXC MEMORY CARD AT 128GB SanDisk 24 February 2014 25 February 2014 A tiny fragment of zircon dating back 4.4 billion years has been confirmed as the oldest known piece of Earth's crust. It provides evidence that a solid crust formed much earlier in the planet's history than was previously thought.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26324968 Crystal is 'oldest scrap of Earth crust' BBC 24 February 2014 26 February 2014 26 February A team of researchers announce the creation of a dropleton,Quantum droplets of electrons and holes A. E. Almand-Hunter H. Li S. T. Cundiff M. Mootz M. Kira S. W. Koch amp Nature 26 February 2014 10.1038/nature12994 24572422 506 7489 471–475 2014Natur.506..471A 4453076 the first known quasiparticle that behaves like a liquid. NASA has announced the discovery of 715 exoplanets by its Kepler mission, increasing the total number of confirmed planets outside the Solar System to nearly 1,700.Johnson Michele Harrington J.D. NASA's Kepler Mission Announces a Planet Bonanza, 715 New Worlds http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-mission-announces-a-planet-bonanza/ 26 February 2014 NASA 26 February 2014 26 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140226202703/http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-mission-announces-a-planet-bonanza/ Wall Mike Population of Known Alien Planets Nearly Doubles as NASA Discovers 715 New Worlds http://www.space.com/24824-alien-planets-population-doubles-nasa-kepler.html 26 February 2014 Space.com 26 February 2014Amos Jonathan Kepler telescope bags huge haul of planets https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26362433 26 February 2014 BBC News 27 February 2014Overbye Dennis From Kepler Data, Astronomers Find Galaxy Filled With More but Smaller Worlds https://www.nytimes.com/2014/02/27/science/space/diving-into-kepler-data-astronomers-discover-hundreds-of-planets.html 27 February 2014 The New York Times 28 February 2014 Ross Sea ice cover during the summer will decrease 56% by 2050 and 78% by 2100, according to a new computer model.http://www.vims.edu/newsandevents/topstories/ross_sea_thaw.php Study projects big thaw for Antarctic sea ice Virginia Institute of Marine Science 26 February 2014 28 February 2014 6 November 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171106082622/http://www.vims.edu/newsandevents/topstories/ross_sea_thaw.php thumb|right|200px|Disintegration of asteroid P/2013 R3 observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (6 March 2014). 27 February Despite claims of a recent hiatus in global warming, the number of local temperature extremes has "dramatically and unequivocally increased in number and area", according to researchers at the University of New South Wales. This has also occurred despite the complete absence of a strong El Niño since 1998.z3454192 http://newsroom.unsw.edu.au/news/science/no-warming-hiatus-extreme-hot-temperatures No warming hiatus for extreme hot temperatures UNSW Newsroom University of New South Wales 27 February 2014 27 February 2014 NASA scientists report that Yamato 000593, the second largest meteorite from Mars found on Earth, contains microscopic spheres rich in carbon that may have been formed from biotic activity.Webster Guy NASA Scientists Find Evidence of Water in Meteorite, Reviving Debate Over Life on Mars http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-065&1 27 February 2014 NASA 27 February 2014 1 March 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140301170153/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-065&1 White Lauren M. Gibson Everett K. Thomnas-Keprta Kathie L. Clemett Simon J. McKay David Putative Indigenous Carbon-Bearing Alteration Features in Martian Meteorite Yamato 000593 19 February 2014 Astrobiology 14 2 170–181 10.1089/ast.2011.0733 24552234 2014AsBio..14..170W 3929347 Gannon Megan Mars Meteorite with Odd 'Tunnels' & 'Spheres' Revives Debate Over Ancient Martian Life http://www.space.com/24834-strange-mars-meteorite-life-evidence-debate.html 28 February 2014 Space.com 28 February 2014 March 3 March – Scientists announce the discovery of pithovirus, the largest giant virus yet known, revived from a 30,000-year-old sample of frozen tundra.Ed Yong Ed Yong http://www.nature.com/news/giant-virus-resurrected-from-30-000-year-old-ice-1.14801 Giant virus resurrected from 30,000-year-old ice Nature 3 March 2014 3 March 2014 10.1038/nature.2014.14801 87146458 subscription 4 March – A new study concludes that nearly one-fifth of the 720 UNESCO World Heritage Sites will be affected by rising sea levels this century if global temperatures rise by 3 °C.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/iop-srt030314.php Sea-level rise threatens UNESCO World Heritage sites EurekAlert 4 March 2014 4 March 2014 20 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181120132609/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/iop-srt030314.phphttps://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/mar/05/sydney-opera-house-statue-liberty-sea-level-climate-change-unesco Sydney Opera House and Statue of Liberty 'will be lost to sea level rise' The Guardian 5 March 2014 5 March 2014 5 March – NASA scientists report that asteroid 2014 DX110, a near-Earth asteroid roughly 20 - 40 m ft on in diameter, passed less than 1 lunar distance from Earth.Staff JPL Close-Approach Data: (2014 DX110) http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2014DX110;cad=1#cad 5 March 2014 NASA 5 March 2014 6 March NASA reports disintegration of asteroid P/2013 R3 observed by the Hubble Space Telescope (images).Harrington J.D. Villard Ray RELEASE 14-060 NASA's Hubble Telescope Witnesses Asteroid's Mysterious Disintegration http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/march/nasas-hubble-telescope-witnesses-asteroids-mysterious-disintegration-1 6 March 2014 NASA 6 March 2014 The discovery of a new living coral reef with an area of 28 km2 in the territorial waters of Iraq is announced in Scientific Reports.Thomas Pohl Sameh W. Al-Muqdadi Malik H. Ali Nadia Al-Mudaffar Fawzi Hermann Ehrlich Broder Merkel Discovery of a living coral reef in the coastal waters of Iraq Scientific Reports 10.1038/srep04250 free 24603901 3945051 6 March 2014 4 4250 2014NatSR...4.4250P 7 March – NASA reports that the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer (WISE), after an exhaustive survey, has not been able to uncover any evidence of "Planet X", a hypothesized planet within the Solar System.Clavin Whitney Harrington J.D. NASA's WISE Survey Finds Thousands of New Stars, But No 'Planet X' http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-075 7 March 2014 NASA 7 March 2014 9 March – Researchers from the University of East Anglia discover four new ozone-depleting gases (3 CFCs and one HCFC). Two of the gases are still accumulating in the atmosphere, but their origins remain unknown. 10.1038/ngeo2109 Newly detected ozone-depleting substances in the atmosphere Nature Geoscience 2014 Laube J. C. Newland M. J. Hogan C. Brenninkmeijer C. A. M. Fraser P. J. Martinerie P. Oram D. E. Reeves C. E. Röckmann T. Schwander J. Witrant E. Sturges W. T. 2014NatGe...7..266L 7 4 266–269 140544959 https://boris.unibe.ch/71426/8/JCLaube-New%20CFCs-2014.pdf 10 March – Stanford bioengineer develops a 50-cent paper microscope capable of a magnification of up to 2000 times.http://scopeblog.stanford.edu/2014/03/10/stanford-bioengineer-develops-a-50-cent-paper-microscope/#sthash.JxioGUDZ.dpuf Stanford bioengineer develops a 50-cent paper microscope Stanford Medicine 10 March 2014 16 April 2014 12 March The Very Large Telescope discovers the largest known yellow star, HR 5171A, which is 1,300 times the diameter of the Sun. It has a companion star that orbits so close, the two stars are almost merged.http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1409/ VLT Spots Largest Yellow Hypergiant Star ESO 12 March 2014 13 March 2014 The discovery of a ringwoodite sample provides strong evidence of water in huge volumes in the Earth's mantle at 400 to 700 km on below the surface.http://news.ualberta.ca/newsarticles/2014/march/rare-mineral-points-to-vast-oceans-beneath-the-earth Rare mineral points to vast 'oceans' beneath the Earth University of Alberta 13 March 2014 13 March 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140313194447/http://news.ualberta.ca/newsarticles/2014/march/rare-mineral-points-to-vast-oceans-beneath-the-earth 13 March 2014 thumb|200px|right|Evidence of gravitational waves in the infant universe may have been uncovered by the microscopic examination of the focal plane of the BICEP2 radio telescope. Iranian scientists at Gilan University created self-cleaning coatings for the textile factories and in construction verified surfaces.TEHRAN (FNA)- Iranian researchers at Gilan University synthesized self-cleaning coatings for the textile industries and in building different surfaces. https://web.archive.org/web/20151015184120/http://english.farsnews.com/newstext.aspx?nn=13921221000490 15 October 2015 'english.farsnews.com/newstext' __ Wed 12 Mar 2014 1:15 13 March – Researchers in Siberia state that they have access to good quality DNA that offers a "high chance" of cloning the woolly mammoth.http://siberiantimes.com/science/casestudy/news/exclusive-siberian-scientists-announce-they-now-have-a-high-chance-to-clone-the-extinct-woolly-mammoth/ EXCLUSIVE: Siberian scientists announce they now have a 'high chance' to clone the woolly mammoth The Siberian Times 13 March 2014 13 March 2014 2 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190102002405/http://siberiantimes.com/science/casestudy/news/exclusive-siberian-scientists-announce-they-now-have-a-high-chance-to-clone-the-extinct-woolly-mammoth/ dead 17 March By demonstrating rippling patterns (the possible effect of gravitational waves) in the cosmic microwave background, astronomers may have uncovered a major piece of evidence to support inflation and the Big Bang theory of the universe.Staff BICEP2 2014 Results Release http://bicepkeck.org 17 March 2014 National Science Foundation 18 March 2014 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26605974 Cosmic inflation: 'Spectacular' discovery hailed BBC 17 March 2014 17 March 2014Overbye Dennis Dennis Overbye Ripples From the Big Bang https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/25/science/space/ripples-from-the-big-bang.html 24 March 2014 The New York Times 24 March 2014 However, on 19 June 2014, lowered confidence in confirming the findings was reported;Overbye Dennis Dennis Overbye Astronomers Hedge on Big Bang Detection Claim https://www.nytimes.com/2014/06/20/science/space/scientists-debate-gravity-wave-detection-claim.html 19 June 2014 The New York Times 20 June 2014 Amos Jonathan Cosmic inflation: Confidence lowered for Big Bang signal https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27935479 19 June 2014 BBC News 20 June 2014 Ade, P.A.R. BICEP2 Collaboration Detection of B-Mode Polarization at Degree Angular Scales by BICEP2 19 June 2014 Physical Review Letters 112 24 241101 10.1103/PhysRevLett.112.241101 2014PhRvL.112x1101B 24996078 1403.3985 22780831 and on 19 September 2014, even more lowered confidence.Planck Collaboration Team Planck intermediate results. XXX. The angular power spectrum of polarized dust emission at intermediate and high Galactic latitudes 2016 1409.5738 2016A&A...586A.133P 10.1051/0004-6361/201425034 free 586 Astronomy & Astrophysics A133 9857299 Overbye Dennis Dennis Overbye Study Confirms Criticism of Big Bang Finding https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/23/science/space/study-confirms-criticism-of-big-bang-finding.html 22 September 2014 The New York Times 22 September 2014 A large, previously stable part of Greenland has been found to be melting rapidly, suggesting that future sea level estimates will have to be revised upwards.http://www.scientificamerican.com/article/newly-discovered-greenland-melting-could-accelerate-sea-level-rise/ Newly Discovered Greenland Melting Could Accelerate Sea-Level Rise Scientific American 17 March 2014 18 March 2014 Specimens of the moss Chorisodontium aciphyllum are revived after 1500 years frozen.Ancient Moss Revived After Ages on Ice National Geographic Jennifer Frazer 17 March 2014 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140317-ancient-moss-frozen-life-biology-science/ https://web.archive.org/web/20140318070642/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/03/140317-ancient-moss-frozen-life-biology-science/ 18 March 2014 19 March 2014 19 March – A new record efficiency of 17 percent for thin-film solar is achieved.http://cleantechnica.com/2014/03/20/first-solar-sets-new-thin-film-efficiency-record-17/ First Solar Sets New Thin-Film Efficiency Record of 17% Clean Technica 20 March 2014 21 March 2014 20 March – A new method to obtain human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) from a single drop of finger-pricked blood is achieved.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/03/140320101320.htm Stem cells created from a drop of blood: DIY finger-prick technique opens door for extensive stem cell banking Science Daily 20 March 2014 21 March 2014 23 March – Scientists demonstrate the distribution of three entangled photons at three different locations, several hundreds of metres apart. This could pave the way to multi-party quantum communication.https://uwaterloo.ca/news/news/experiment-opens-door-multi-party-quantum-communication Experiment opens the door to multi-party quantum communication University of Waterloo 23 March 2014 24 March 2014 24 March Researchers create a biodegradable battery that could be used for medical implants inside the body.http://www.nature.com/news/biodegradable-battery-could-melt-inside-the-body-1.14919 Biodegradable battery could melt inside the body Nature 24 March 2014 26 March 2014 10.1038/nature.2014.14919 Peplow Mark 138686777 free subscription Rates of blindness and partial sight have plummeted in the developed world over the last 20 years, according to new research.http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/bmj-rob032014.php Rates of blindness and partial sight have plummeted in developed world BMJ-British Medical Journal/EurekAlert 24 March 2014 26 March 2014 16 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181116094235/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-03/bmj-rob032014.php 25 March – Paleontologists assemble giant turtle bone from fossil discoveries made 160 years apart. Atlantochelys mortoni, found in Cretaceous sediments dating back 75 million years, was possibly the largest turtle that ever lived.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26717415 Monster turtle fossils re-united BBC 25 March 2014 26 March 2014 26 March Astronomers report the discovery of a new minor planet, named 2012 VP113, beyond the planet Neptune in the Solar System.Chang Kenneth A New Planetoid Reported in Far Reaches of Solar System https://www.nytimes.com/2014/03/27/science/space/a-new-planetoid-reported-in-far-reaches-of-solar-system.html 26 March 2014 The New York Times 26 March 2014 Witze Alexandra Dwarf planet stretches Solar System's edge http://www.nature.com/news/dwarf-planet-stretches-solar-system-s-edge-1.14921 26 March 2014 Nature 26 March 2014 Astronomers report the discovery of the first ring system around an asteroid (10199 Chariklo).http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1410/ First Ring System Around Asteroid ESO 26 March 2014 27 March 2014 27 March The first synthetic chromosome is created for integration into a yeast cell.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-26768445 Scientists hail synthetic chromosome advance BBC 27 March 2014 27 March 2014http://communications.med.nyu.edu/media-relations/news/scientists-synthesize-first-functional-%E2%80%9Cdesigner%E2%80%9D-chromosome-yeast Scientists Synthesize First Functional "Designer" Chromosome in Yeast NYUMC 27 March 2014 27 March 2014 20 January 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20150120224252/http://communications.med.nyu.edu/media-relations/news/scientists-synthesize-first-functional-%E2%80%9Cdesigner%E2%80%9D-chromosome-yeast dead A study finds that Cuvier's beaked whale is capable of diving to a depth of 3.2 km and staying under water for 137 minutes, both records for a mammal.Whale sets new mammal depth record 27 March 2014 https://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/whale-sets-new-mammal-depth-record/news-story/69b6b8eb5bfb7e66e109bd11b21ea528 news.com.au 27 March 2014 14 August 2014 live https://web.archive.org/web/20140814212119/http://www.news.com.au/world/breaking-news/whale-sets-new-mammal-depth-record/story-e6frfkui-1226867101141 thumb|right|200px|Evidence of an underground ocean of liquid water on Enceladus, moon of planet Saturn, reported (3 April 2014; artist image). 30 March – The first evidence that CRISPR can reverse disease symptoms in living animals has been demonstrated. Using this new gene-editing technique, MIT researchers cured mice of a rare liver disorder.http://phys.org/news/2014-03-reverse-liver-disorder-mice-mutated.html Researchers reverse a liver disorder in mice by correcting a mutated gene PhysOrg 30 March 2014 31 March 2014 31 March The U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases its second of four planned reports examining the state of climate science.http://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar5/index.shtml Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) IPCC 31 March 2014 31 March 2014 This latest document summarizes what the scientific literature says about "Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability". In the landmark case of Australia v. Japan, the International Court of Justice (ICJ) in The Hague has ruled that Japan's JARPA II whaling program in the Antarctic is not for scientific purposes and has ordered all permits to be revoked.http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2014/03/31/the-whales-have-won-icj-rules-japans-southern-ocean-whaling-not-for-scientific-research-1569 The Whales Have Won! – ICJ Rules Japan's Southern Ocean Whaling 'Not For Scientific Research' Sea Shepherd Conservation Society Sea Shepherd 31 March 2014 31 March 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140403075307/http://www.seashepherd.org/news-and-media/2014/03/31/the-whales-have-won-icj-rules-japans-southern-ocean-whaling-not-for-scientific-research-1569 3 April 2014 http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/148/18162.pdf Whaling in the Antarctic (Australia v. Japan: New Zealand intervening) ICJ 31 March 2014 31 March 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140331145014/http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/files/148/18162.pdf 31 March 2014 April 1 April Eating seven or more portions (560 g) of fruit and vegetables a day reduces your risk of death at any point in time by 42 percent compared to eating less than one portion, reports a new study by University College London.http://www.ucl.ac.uk/news/news-articles/0414/010413-fruit-veg-consumption-death-risk/ Seven a day keeps the reaper at bay UCL 1 April 2014 1 April 2014U.K. national health service portion guide http://www.nhs.uk/livewell/5aday/documents/downloads/5aday_portion_guide.pdf UK NHS 1 April 2014 RIKEN concludes that a recent study claiming to having produced stem cells via STAP techniques was partially falsified.https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/apr/01/stap-cells-research-paper-on-stem-cell-breakthrough-was-partly-falsified Stap cells: research paper on stem cell breakthrough was partly falsified The Guardian 1 April 2014 1 April 2014 3 April – NASA reports that evidence for a large underground ocean of liquid water on Enceladus, moon of planet Saturn, has been found by the Cassini. According to the scientists, evidence of an underground ocean suggests that Enceladus is one of the most likely places in the Solar System to "host microbial life".Platt Jane Bell Brian NASA Space Assets Detect Ocean inside Saturn Moon http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-103 3 April 2014 NASA 3 April 2014 Iess L. Stevenson D. J. Parisi M. Hemingway D. Jacobson R.A. Lunine Jonathan I. Nimmo F. Armstrong J. W. Asmar S. W. Ducci M. Tortora P. The Gravity Field and Interior Structure of Enceladus April 4, 2014 Science 344 6179 78–80 10.1126/science.1250551 2014Sci...344...78I 24700854 28990283 https://authors.library.caltech.edu/45462/7/Iess-SM.pdf (artist image) 4 April – By manipulating the appropriate signaling, researchers have turned embryonic stem cells into a fish embryo, essentially controlling embryonic development. This breakthrough is a major step toward being able to grow whole organs from stem cells.http://phys.org/news/2014-04-scientists-barrier-stem-cells.html Scientists smash barrier to growing organs from stem cells PhysOrg 4 April 2014 6 April 2014 6 April – Samsung has developed a new method of growing large area, single crystal wafer scale graphene, a major development that will accelerate the commercialization of this material.http://phys.org/news/2014-04-breakthrough-synthesis-method-commercialization-graphene.html Breakthrough synthesis method to speed commercialization of graphene PhysOrg 6 April 2014 7 April 2014 7 April A critical bug (named "Heartbleed") in OpenSSL is estimated to have left 17% of the Internet's secure web servers vulnerable to data theft.Perlroth Nicole Hardy Quentin Heartbleed Flaw Could Reach to Digital Devices, Experts Say https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/11/business/security-flaw-could-reach-beyond-websites-to-digital-devices-experts-say.html 11 April 2014 The New York Times 11 April 2014 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-26954540 Heartbleed Bug: Tech firms urge password reset BBC 9 April 2014 10 April 2014 Researchers show the first evidence that green tea extract enhances cognitive functions, especially the working memory, suggesting a possible treatment for impairments such as dementia.https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/04/140407101545.htm Green tea extract boosts your brain power, especially the working memory, new research shows Science Daily 7 April 2014 8 April 2014 8 April – A battery that can charge in under 30 seconds is demonstrated at a technology conference in Tel Aviv.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-26934932 Battery offers 30-second phone charging BBC 8 April 2014 10 April 2014 9 April – Scientists reconstruct a gigantic asteroid impact that occurred 3.26 billion years ago near the Barberton Greenstone Belt. The impactor was up to 58 km (36 miles) wide, leaving a hole almost 480 km (300 miles) across – two and a half times larger in diameter than the Chicxulub crater which killed off the dinosaurs.http://news.agu.org/press-release/scientists-reconstruct-ancient-impact-that-dwarfs-dinosaur-extinction-blast/ Scientists reconstruct ancient impact that dwarfs dinosaur-extinction blast AGU 9 April 2014 10 April 2014 10 April NASA scientists report the possible discovery of the first exomoon candidate.Clavin Whitney Faraway Moon or Faint Star? Possible Exomoon Found http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-109 10 April 2014 NASA 10 April 2014 Bennett D.P. Batista V. Bond I. A. Bennett C. S. Suzuki D. Beaulieu J. -P. Udalski A. Donatowicz J. Abe F. Botzler C. S. Freeman M. Fukunaga D. Fukui A. Itow Y. Koshimoto N. Ling C. H. Masuda K. Matsubara Y. Muraki Y. Namba S. Ohnishi K. Rattenbury N. J. Saito To. Sullivan D. J. Sumi T. Sweatman W. L. Tristram P. J. Tsurumi N. Wada K. A Sub-Earth-Mass Moon Orbiting a Gas Giant Primary or a High Velocity Planetary System in the Galactic Bulge 1312.3951 etal 2013 10.1088/0004-637X/785/2/155 2014ApJ...785..155B 785 2 The Astrophysical Journal 155 118327512 (artist image) NASA astronomers report that the Hubble Space Telescope can now precisely measure distances up to 10,000 light-years away by using spatial scanning, a ten-fold improvement over earlier measurements.Harrington J.D. Villard Ray NASA's Hubble Extends Stellar Tape Measure 10 Times Farther into Space http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/april/nasas-hubble-extends-stellar-tape-measure-10-times-farther-into-space 10 April 2014 NASA 11 April 2014 (related image) thumb|right|200px|Discovery of Kepler-186f - an Earth-sized exoplanet in the habitable zone of its host star (artist concept; 17 April 2014). 11 April – A new statistical analysis of temperature data since the year 1500 concludes "with confidence levels greater than 99%, and most likely greater than 99.9%" that recent global warming is not caused by natural factors and is man-made.Lovejoy Shaun Chipello Chris Is global warming just a giant natural fluctuation? https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/global-warming-just-giant-natural-fluctuation-235236 McGill University 11 April 2014 17 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140419012509/https://www.mcgill.ca/newsroom/channels/news/global-warming-just-giant-natural-fluctuation-235236 19 April 2014Lovejoy S. Scaling fluctuation analysis and statistical hypothesis testing of anthropogenic warming April 2014 Climate Dynamics 42 9–10 2339–2351 10.1007/s00382-014-2128-2 2014ClDy...42.2339L 128760093 14 April – NASA scientists report the possible beginning of a new moon, within the A Ring, of the planet Saturn.Platt Jane Brown Dwayne NASA Cassini Images May Reveal Birth of a Saturn Moon http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-112 14 April 2014 NASA 14 April 2014 (related image) 15 April – A total lunar eclipse occurs, visible across the Pacific Ocean and the Americas. 16 April – The discovery of a protein, dubbed Juno, that is essential to mammalian fertilization is announced in Nature.Juno is the egg Izumo receptor and is essential for mammalian fertilization Enrica Bianchi Brendan Doe David Goulding Gavin J. Wright amp Nature 10.1038/nature13203 16 April 2014 508 7497 483–487 24739963 3998876 2014Natur.508..483B 17 April NASA announces the discovery of Kepler-186f, the first Earth-sized exoplanet within the habitable zone of its host star.Chang Kenneth Scientists Find an 'Earth Twin,' or Maybe a Cousin https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/18/science/space/scientists-find-an-earth-twin-or-maybe-a-cousin.html 17 April 2014 The New York Times 17 April 2014 Johnson Michele Harrington J.D. NASA's Kepler Discovers First Earth-Size Planet in The 'Habitable Zone' of Another Star http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/nasas-kepler-discovers-first-earth-size-planet-in-the-habitable-zone-of-another-star 17 April 2014 NASA 17 April 2014 (artist concept and comparison) Advanced Cell Technology announces that it created new human embryonic stem cells by fusing DNA from an adult with an enucleated egg cell, a form of human cloning.Researchers Clone Cells From Two Adult Men TIME https://time.com/65610/cloning-cells-from-two-adult-men/ 17 April 2014 17 April 2014 Alice Park 24 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190124141322/http://time.com/65610/cloning-cells-from-two-adult-men/ dead Researchers at Cardiff University achieve a major breakthrough in treating chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL), the most common form of leukaemia.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-wales-27073711 Leukaemia: Cardiff University breakthrough in disease treatment BBC 17 April 2014 17 April 2014 18 April A flight test of controlled-descent hardware and software on the first-stage booster of a SpaceX Falcon 9 launch vehicle occurred on April 18, 2014, and became the first successful controlled ocean soft touchdown of a liquid-rocket-engine orbital booster.Belfiore Michael SpaceX Brings a Booster Safely Back to Earth http://www.technologyreview.com/news/526806/spacex-brings-a-booster-safely-back-to-earth/ 25 April 2014 MIT Technology Review 22 April 2014 Orwig Jessica Elon Musk Just Unveiled A Game-Changing Ocean Landing Pad For His Reusable Rockets http://www.businessinsider.com/elon-musk-rockets-that-land-at-sea-2014-11 2014-12-11 Business Insider 2014-11-25 The first successful "soft landing" of a Falcon 9 rocket happened in April of this year The booster stage successfully approached the water surface with no spin and at zero vertical velocity, as designed.Belfiore Michael SpaceX Set to Launch the World's First Reusable Booster http://www.technologyreview.com/news/525426/spacex-set-to-launch-the-worlds-first-reusable-booster/ 14 March 2014 MIT Technology Review 13 March 2014 SpaceX is counting on lower launch costs to increase demand for launch services. But Foust cautions that this strategy comes with risk. 'It's worth noting,' he says, 'that many current customers of launch services, including operators of commercial satellites, aren't particularly price sensitive, so thus aren't counting on reusability to lower costs.' That means those additional launches, and thus revenue, may have to come from markets that don't exist yet. 'A reusable system with much lower launch costs might actually result in lower revenue for that company unless they can significantly increase demand,' says Foust. 'That additional demand would likely have to come from new markets, with commercial human spaceflight perhaps the biggest and best-known example.' The booster had been traveling at a velocity of 10 Mach 262000 2Norris Guy SpaceX Plans For Multiple Reusable Booster Tests http://aviationweek.com/space/spacex-plans-multiple-reusable-booster-tests 17 May 2014 Aviation Week 28 April 2014 The April 17 F9R Dev 1 flight, which lasted under 1 min., was the first vertical landing test of a production-representative recoverable Falcon 9 v1.1 first stage, while the April 18 cargo flight to the ISS was the first opportunity for SpaceX to evaluate the design of foldable landing legs and upgraded thrusters that control the stage during its initial descent. at an altitude of 80000 m ft usSpaceX CRS-3 Mission Press Kit: Cargo Resupply Services Mission http://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/SpaceXCRS-3_PressKit_FINAL.pdf NASA 15 March 2014 March 2014 10 August 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180810231616/https://www.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/files/SpaceXCRS-3_PressKit_FINAL.pdf prior to the descent test. NASA announces that the Lunar Atmosphere and Dust Environment Explorer (LADEE) spacecraft successfully completed its mission with a planned2014 12 26 impact on the moon at about 12:30am/et/usa.Chang Kenneth Study of Moon's Atmosphere Ends With Planned Crash https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/19/science/space/nasa-lunar-explorer.html 19 April 2014 NASA 19 April 2014 Brown Dwayne Hoover Rachel Washington Dewayne RELEASE 14-113 NASA Completes LADEE Mission with Planned Impact on Moon's Surface http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/april/nasa-completes-ladee-mission-with-planned-impact-on-moons-surface/ 18 April 2014 NASA 19 April 2014 19 April – A particularly bright meteor, presumably from Lyrids, flashes over several Russian cities, including Murmansk, and is recorded by dash cams.http://www.nbcnews.com/science/space/meteor-over-murmansk-russian-fireball-caught-dashcams-n84876 Meteor Over Murmansk: Russian Fireball Caught on Dashcams Alan Boyle NBC News 19 April 2014 20 April 2014 The meteor burned away above the Earth around 2:10 a.m. local time.http://www.gazeta.ru/social/news/2014/04/19/n_6095761.shtml ru:Над Мурманском пролетел крупный метеорит Gazeta.ru ru 20 April 2014 19 April 2014 22 April – Asteroid impacts are more common than previously thought, according to a presentation by the B612 Foundation, which shows evidence that 26 multi-kiloton collisions have occurred since 2001.B612 Foundation Releases Video at Seattle Museum of Flight Earth Day Event Showing Evidence of 26 Multi-Kiloton Asteroid Impacts Since 2001 https://b612foundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/B612_PR_042214.pdf 22 April 2014 B612 Foundation 23 April 2014 5 March 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200305205338/https://b612foundation.org/wp-content/uploads/2014/04/B612_PR_042214.pdf dead 23 April – The Federal Communications Commission announces that it will consider a new rule that will allow Internet service providers to offer content providers a faster track to send content, thus reversing their earlier net neutrality position.Wyatt Edward F.C.C., in 'Net Neutrality' Turnaround, Plans to Allow Fast Lane https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/24/technology/fcc-new-net-neutrality-rules.html 23 April 2014 The New York Times 2014-04-23 A possible solution to net neutrality concerns may be municipal broadband, according to Professor Susan Crawford, a legal and technology expert at Harvard Law School.Crawford Susan Susan P. Crawford The Wire Next Time https://www.nytimes.com/2014/04/28/opinion/the-wire-next-time.html 28 April 2014 The New York Times 2014-04-28 24 April Kryptodrakon is classified as the oldest pterodactyloid pterosaur discovered to date.Meet Kryptodrakon: Oldest Known Pterodactyl Found in China National Geographic 24 April 2014 http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/04/140424-pterodactyl-pterosaur-china-oldest-science-animals/ https://web.archive.org/web/20140425022505/http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2014/04/140424-pterodactyl-pterosaur-china-oldest-science-animals/ 25 April 2014 Christine Dell'Amore 25 April 2014 Nautilus Minerals has finalised an agreement with Papua New Guinea over the first deep sea mining operations.Agreement reached on deep sea mining https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27158883 25 April 2014 BBC 26 April 2014 Nautilus Minerals and State of PNG Resolve Issues and Sign Agreement http://www.nautilusminerals.com/s/Media-NewsReleases.asp?ReportID=649293&_Type=News-Releases&_Title=Nautilus-Minerals-and-State-of-PNG-Resolve-Issues-and-Sign-Agreement 24 April 2014 Nautilus Minerals 24 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140426202302/http://www.nautilusminerals.com/s/Media-NewsReleases.asp?ReportID=649293&_Type=News-Releases&_Title=Nautilus-Minerals-and-State-of-PNG-Resolve-Issues-and-Sign-Agreement 26 April 2014 A project known as Solwara 1 aims to extract ores of copper, gold and other valuable metals from depths of 1,500m.Solwara 1 Project – High Grade Copper and Gold http://www.nautilusminerals.com/s/Projects-Solwara.asp 25 April 2014 Nautilus Minerals 26 April 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20100812102807/http://www.nautilusminerals.com/s/Projects-Solwara.asp 12 August 2010 25 April – The sequencing of the tsetse fly genome, which causes the deadly sleeping sickness in Africa, is completed after a 10-year multimillion-dollar effort.Scientists crack genetic code of deadly tsetse fly https://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2014/apr/25/scientists-crack-genetic-code-tsetse-fly-africa-sleeping-sickness 25 April 2014 The Guardian 25 April 2014 thumb|right|200px|Antibiotic resistance is now a major global threat, WHO reports. (30 April 2014). 28 April Stanford bioengineers have developed faster, more energy-efficient microchips based on the human brain – 9,000 times faster and using significantly less power than a typical PC.Stanford bioengineers create circuit board modeled on the human brain http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-neurogrid-boahen-engineering-042814.html 28 April 2014 Stanford University 30 April 2014 22 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190122182434/https://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-neurogrid-boahen-engineering-042814.html Levels of atmospheric methane – a powerful greenhouse gas – had been stable for a decade, but recently began rising again. This can be explained by emissions from northern wetlands and thawing permafrost, according to a major study.Wetlands Likely to Blame for Greenhouse Gas Increases: Study http://www.uoguelph.ca/news/2014/04/wetlands_likely.html 28 April 2014 University of Guelph 12 May 2014 29 April – An annular solar eclipse occurs. 30 April Antibiotic resistance is now a "major global threat" to public health, according to a report by the World Health Organization (WHO).WHO's first global report on antibiotic resistance reveals serious, worldwide threat to public health https://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/amr-report/en/ https://web.archive.org/web/20140430150557/http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2014/amr-report/en/ 30 April 2014 30 April 2014 WHO 30 April 2014 Antibiotic resistance now 'global threat', WHO warns https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-27204988 30 April 2014 BBC 30 April 2014 Astronomers have measured an exoplanet's length of day for the first time. Beta Pictoris b was found to have a day that lasts only eight hours.Length of Exoplanet Day Measured for First Time http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1414/#.U2JQlD7grYI.twitter 30 April 2014 ESO 2 May 2014 May 1 May – Cancer researchers report that e-cigarettes "get so hot that they, too, can produce a handful of the carcinogens found in cigarettes and at similar levels".Richtel Matt Some E-Cigarettes Deliver a Puff of Carcinogens https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/04/business/some-e-cigarettes-deliver-a-puff-of-carcinogens.html 3 May 2014 The New York Times 4 May 2014 5 May – The World Health Organization (WHO) announces that the spread of polio is a world health emergency - outbreaks of the disease in Asia, Africa and the Middle East are considered "extraordinary".Staff UN: Spread of polio now an world health emergency http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140505/eu-med-polio-emergency-6e6900dc37.html 5 May 2014 Associated Press 5 May 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140505170700/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140505/eu-med-polio-emergency-6e6900dc37.html 5 May 2014 Gladstone Rick Polio Spreading at Alarming Rates, World Health Organization Declares https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/06/health/world-health-organization-polio-health-emergency.html 5 May 2014 The New York Times 5 May 2014 6 May – The third National Climate Assessment is released by the US government.USGCRP Releases National Climate Assessment, Launches New Website http://www.globalchange.gov/news/usgcrp-releases-national-climate-assessment-launches-new-website-0 https://web.archive.org/web/20140506200225/http://www.globalchange.gov/news/usgcrp-releases-national-climate-assessment-launches-new-website-0 6 May 2014 6 May 2014 USGCRP 6 May 2014 7 May The first realistic "virtual universe" is created, simulating 13 billion years of cosmic evolution in a cube with 350 million light year long sides and unprecedented resolution.Universe evolution recreated in lab https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27299017 7 May 2014 BBC 7 May 2014 Astronomers Create First Realistic Virtual Universe http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/news/2014-10 7 May 2014 Harvard 7 May 2014 Researchers announce that they successfully introduced two artificial nucleotides, Unnatural Base Pairs (UBRs), into bacterial DNA, and by including the individual artificial nucleotides in the culture media, were able to passage the bacteria 24 times; they did not create mRNA or proteins able to use the artificial nucleotides. The artificial nucleotides featured two fused aromatic rings which formed a complex mimicking the natural (dG–dC) base pair.Pollack Andrew Researchers Report Breakthrough in Creating Artificial Genetic Code https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/08/business/researchers-report-breakthrough-in-creating-artificial-genetic-code.html 7 May 2014 The New York Times 7 May 2014 Callaway Ewen First life with 'alien' DNA http://www.nature.com/news/first-life-with-alien-dna-1.15179 7 May 2014 Nature 10.1038/nature.2014.15179 86967999 7 May 2014 subscription Malyshev Denis A. Dhami Kirandeep Lavergne Thomas Chen Tingjian Dai Nan Foster Jeremy M. Corrêa Ivan R. Romesberg Floyd E. A semi-synthetic organism with an expanded genetic alphabet 7 May 2014 Nature 509 7500 385–388 10.1038/nature13314 2014Natur.509..385M 24805238 4058825 For the first time, researchers sequence the genome of the spider.Mapping the spider genome http://scitech.au.dk/en/current-affairs/news/show/artikel/mapping-of-the-spider-genome/ 7 May 2014 Aarhus University 8 May 2014 Global scientific output doubles every nine years, according to a new analysis going back to the year 1650.Global scientific output doubles every nine years http://blogs.nature.com/news/2014/05/global-scientific-output-doubles-every-nine-years.html 7 May 2014 Nature 9 May 2014 8 May – Scientists publish a comprehensive study of Comet ISON and its disintegration, reported to have occurred on 2 December 2013, suggesting that the comet fully disintegrated hours before perihelion.Sekanina Zdenek Kracht Rainer Disintegration of Comet C/2012 S1 (ISON) Shortly Before Perihelion: Evidence From Independent Data Sets 8 May 2014 1404.5968 astro-ph.EP 9 May The maximum theoretical limit of energy needed to control the magnetisation of a single atom is demonstrated, a finding that could improve nanotechnology devices and quantum computers.At the frontiers of magnetism https://www.ethz.ch/en/news-and-events/eth-news/news/2014/05/at-the-frontiers-of-magnetism.html 9 May 2014 Nature 10 May 2014 After eight years of development, a new hi-tech bionic arm becomes the first of its kind to gain FDA approval for mass production.From Idea to Market in Eight Years, DARPA-Funded DEKA Arm System Earns FDA Approval http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2014/05/09a.aspx 9 May 2014 DARPA 11 May 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140512224722/http://www.darpa.mil/NewsEvents/Releases/2014/05/09a.aspx 12 May 2014 13 May – New research shows unlimited heat potential in graphene.Physicists show unlimited heat conduction in graphene http://phys.org/news/2014-05-physicists-unlimited-graphene.html 13 May 2014 PhysOrg 18 May 2014 thumb|right|200px|Jupiter - Great Red Spot is decreasing in size (15 May 2014). 14 May Even the multiverse will come to an end, according to a new view of quantum theory.Quantum twist could kill off the multiverse https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22229692.600-quantum-twist-could-kill-off-the-multiverse.html 14 May 2014 New Scientist 15 May 2014 A new device is developed that can sort, store and retrieve individual cells for study, using components similar to those that control electrons in microchips.Microchip-Like Technology Allows Single-Cell Analysis http://www.pratt.duke.edu/news/microchip-technology-allows-single-cell-analysis 14 May 2014 Duke University 15 May 2014 15 May The Federal Communications Commission (FCC) decides to consider two options regarding internet services: first, permit fast and slow broadband lanes, thereby compromising net neutrality; and second, reclassify broadband as a telecommunication service, thereby preserving net neutrality.Staff Searching for Fairness on the Internet https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/opinion/searching-for-fairness-on-the-internet.html 15 May 2014 The New York Times 2014-05-15 Wyatt Edward F.C.C. Backs Opening Net Rules for Debate https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/16/technology/fcc-road-map-to-net-neutrality.html 15 May 2014 The New York Times 2014-05-15 Jupiter's red spot continues to shrink, as shown in new images.Harrington J.D. Weaver Donna Villard Ray Release 14-135 - NASA's Hubble Shows Jupiter's Great Red Spot is Smaller than Ever Measured http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/may/nasas-hubble-shows-jupiters-great-red-spot-is-smaller-than-ever-measured 15 May 2014 NASA 16 May 2014 The shrinking of Jupiter's Great Red Spot http://www.spacetelescope.org/news/heic1410/ 15 May 2014 NASA 16 May 2014 16 May NASA extends the Kepler mission to the K2 mission, a reduced two reaction wheel operation mode necessitated by faults in the originally designed four wheel mode used to accurately aim the telescope, to continue exoplanet discovery as well as new scientific observation opportunities.http://www.nasa.gov/content/ames/kepler-mission-manager-update-k2-has-been-approved/ Kepler Mission Manager Update: K2 Has Been Approved! nasa.gov 16 May 2014 NASA 17 May 2014 NASA Official: Brian Dunbar; Image credit(s): NASA Ames/W. Stenzel Charlie Sobeck Michele Johnson https://web.archive.org/web/20140517191944/http://www.nasa.gov/content/ames/kepler-mission-manager-update-k2-has-been-approved/ 17 May 2014 live In a report published in the journal Science, genetic testing of the skeleton dubbed "Naia" indicates that Paleoamericans and modern Native Americans have the same descendants.https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-27432234 Sunken body clue to American origins Jonathan Amos 15 May 2014 BBC News Genetic mutations that drive cancer are tracked back to cancer stem cells in patients for the first time.Genetic tracking identifies cancer stem cells in patients http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2014-05-16-genetic-tracking-identifies-cancer-stem-cells-patients 16 May 2014 University of Oxford 16 May 2014 17 May – Paleontologists in Argentina discover what appears to be the largest dinosaur yet found. Based on its gigantic thigh bones, it was 40 m (130 ft) long and 20 m (65 ft) tall, weighing 77 tonnes. This species of Titanosaur lived in the forests of Patagonia between 95 and 100 million years ago.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27441156 'Biggest dinosaur ever' discovered 17 May 2014 BBC News 17 May 2014 19 May Scientists announce that numerous microbes, like Tersicoccus phoenicis, may be resistant to methods usually used in spacecraft assembly clean rooms, and as a consequence, may have unintentionally contaminated spacecraft. However, it's not currently known if such resistant microbes could have withstood space travel and are present on the Curiosity rover now on the planet Mars.Madhusoodanan Jyoti Microbial stowaways to Mars identified http://www.nature.com/news/microbial-stowaways-to-mars-identified-1.15249 19 May 2014 Nature 10.1038/nature.2014.15249 87409424 23 May 2014 subscription NASA begins construction of the 2016 Mars Lander, InSight.Webster Guy Brown Dwayne Napier Gary Construction to Begin on 2016 NASA Mars Lander http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-156&1 19 May 2014 NASA 20 May 2014 20 May 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140520215609/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-156&1 Antarctica is now losing about 160 billion tonnes of ice a year to the ocean - twice as much as when the continent was last surveyed.Esa's Cryosat mission sees Antarctic ice losses double - BBC News 21 May – The International Institute for Species Exploration (IISE) announces its annual list of the "Top 10 New Species" and includes the microbe Tersicoccus phoenicis which is resistant to methods usually used in spacecraft assembly clean rooms to prevent contaminating celestial bodies that spacecraft may visit.New Species Identified in 2014 Voice of America Rosanne Skirble 22 May 2014 https://www.voanews.com/a/new-species-identified-in-2014/1920625.html 22 May 2014 25 May – Researchers have found a mutated gene common to a rare, but particularly virulent, form of pancreatic cancer.http://www.ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/gene_mutation_found_for_aggressive_form_of_pancreatic_cancer Gene Mutation Found for Aggressive Form of Pancreatic Cancer 28 May 2014 UC San Diego 28 May 2014 31 May 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190531025133/https://ucsdnews.ucsd.edu/pressrelease/gene_mutation_found_for_aggressive_form_of_pancreatic_cancer dead 28 May – The first two attempts at a database of every single human protein - the "proteome" - have been made public.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27592655 'First drafts' of human protein catalogue published 28 May 2014 BBC News 28 May 2014 29 May – Scientists have transferred data by quantum teleportation over a distance of 10 feet with a zero percent error rate.Markoff John Scientists Report Finding Reliable Way to Teleport Data https://www.nytimes.com/2014/05/30/science/scientists-report-finding-reliable-way-to-teleport-data.html 29 May 2014 The New York Times 29 May 2014 Pfaff, W. Unconditional quantum teleportation between distant solid-state quantum bits 29 May 2014 Science 345 6196 532–535 10.1126/science.1253512 Hensen B. J. Bernien H. Van Dam S. B. Blok M. S. Taminiau T. H. Tiggelman M. J. Schouten R. N. Markham M. Twitchen D. J. Hanson R. 1404.4369 2014Sci...345..532P 25082696 2190249 June thumb|200px|right|Hubble Ultra-Deep Field image (full range of UV to NIR light) includes galaxies existing shortly after the Big Bang (June 2014). 2 June – Inspired by dinosaurs, scientists from the Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST) develop a robot that runs at a speed of 46 km/h mph on a treadmill.Raptor robot runs at 28.58 mph, faster than any human http://www.kurzweilai.net/kaist-raptor-robot-runs-at-28-58-mph-faster-than-any-human 2 June 2014 BBC 3 June 2014 3 June NASA releases the Hubble Ultra-Deep Field image composed of, for the first time, the full range of ultraviolet to near-infrared light. The image, in the constellation Fornax, includes some of the most distant galaxies to have been imaged by an optical telescope, existing shortly after the Big Bang.Harrington J.D. Jenkins Ann Villard Ray NASA RELEASE 14-151 - Hubble Team Unveils Most Colorful View of Universe Captured by Space Telescope http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/june/hubble-team-unveils-most-colorful-view-of-universe-captured-by-space-telescope/ 3 June 2014 NASA 4 June 2014 (related image) The Curiosity rover on the planet Mars observes the planet Mercury transiting the Sun, marking the first time a planetary transit has been observed from a celestial body besides Earth.Webster Guy Mercury Passes in Front of the Sun, as Seen From Mars http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-183 10 June 2014 NASA 10 June 2014 (related image) Two international trials suggest a promising breakthrough in the treatment of advanced skin cancer.Skin cancer trial results 'exciting' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-27674658 3 June 2014 BBC 4 June 2014 4 June – Astronomers detect the first Thorne-Żytkow objects (TŻOs). These hybrids of red supergiant and neutron stars, first proposed in 1975, had been "theoretical" until now.Astronomers discover first Thorne-Zytkow object, a bizarre type of hybrid star http://phys.org/news/2014-06-astronomers-thorne-zytkow-bizarre-hybrid-star.html 4 June 2014 PhysOrg 4 June 2014 10 June – Earth and the Moon are 60 million years older than previously believed, according to new evidence.From today, the Earth is around 60 million years older -- and so is the moon http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-06/eaog-ftt060914.php 10 June 2014 Eurekalert 11 June 2014 19 December 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181219043540/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-06/eaog-ftt060914.php dead 11 June – The salmon genome is fully sequenced.Milestone in salmon research – genome fully sequenced http://www.forskningsradet.no/en/Newsarticle/Milestone_in_salmon_research__genome_fully_sequenced/1253996850590/p1177315753918 11 June 2014 The Research Council of Norway 12 June 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304104024/http://www.forskningsradet.no/en/Newsarticle/Milestone_in_salmon_research__genome_fully_sequenced/1253996850590/p1177315753918 4 March 2016 12 June – Researchers present new evidence of vast amounts of water in a transition layer below Earth's crust. Although not in liquid form, it may represent the planet's single largest reservoir.New Evidence for Oceans of Water Deep in the Earth http://www.northwestern.edu/newscenter/stories/2014/06/new-evidence-for-oceans-of-water-deep-in-the-earth.html 12 June 2014 Northwestern University 14 June 2014 13 June – A new hybrid, flexible, energy-efficient circuit that merges carbon nanotubes with other thin-film transistors that could replace silicon as the traditional material used in electronic chips is reported in Nature Communications. It could be commercially available in the 2020s.Large-scale complementary macroelectronics using hybrid integration of carbon nanotubes and IGZO thin-film transistors 5 4097 13 June 2014 Nature Communications 10.1038/ncomms5097 24923382 Chen Haitian Cao Yu Zhang Jialu Zhou Chongwu 2014NatCo...5.4097C free thumb|200px|right|The Curiosity rover completed its first Martian year (687 Earth days) on the planet Mars (24 June 2014). 16 June Researchers at King's College London develop a new dental technique known as Electrically Accelerated and Enhanced Remineralisation. This allows a decayed tooth to effectively repair and heal itself without the need for drills, needles or fillings.No drilling, no filling, no fuss -- King's spin-out will put tooth decay in a 'time warp' http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-06/kcl-ndn061614.php 16 June 2014 King's College London 20 June 2014 27 April 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170427060627/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-06/kcl-ndn061614.php/ dead Sedentary behavior increases risk of certain cancers, according to a new study.Sedentary behavior increases risk of certain cancers https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/06/140616204357.htm 16 June 2014 Science Daily 19 June 2014 19 June A new way to attack antibiotic-resistant bacteria is announced. It involves blocking the mechanism they use to build their exterior coating.Bacteria 'bricklayer' protein set for attack https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27907461 19 June 2014 BBC 19 June 2014 Astronomers report lowered confidence in confirming cosmic inflation evidence of gravitational waves announced on 17 March 2014. 23 June Globally, May 2014 was the hottest May on record, according to data released by NOAA.Global Analysis - May 2014 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2014/5 23 June 2014 NOAA 24 June 2014 NASA announces strong evidence that nitrogen in the atmosphere of Titan, a moon of the planet Saturn, came from materials in the Oort cloud, associated with comets, and not from materials that formed Saturn in earlier times.Dyches Preston Clavin Clavin Titan's Building Blocks Might Pre-date Saturn http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-200 23 June 2014 NASA 24 June 2014 24 June NASA reports the Curiosity rover on Mars completed its first Martian year—687 Earth days—after finding that Mars once had environmental conditions favorable for microbial life.Webster Guy Brown Dwayne NASA's Mars Curiosity Rover Marks First Martian Year http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-199 23 June 2014 NASA 23 June 2014 NASA announces the CheMin, short for "Chemistry and Mineralogy", an X-ray powder diffraction instrument aboard the Curiosity rover on Mars, won the 2013 NASA Government Invention of the year award.Hoover Rachel Ames Instrument Helps Identify the First Habitable Environment on Mars, Wins Invention Award http://www.nasa.gov/ames/ames-instrument-helps-identify-the-first-habitable-environment-on-mars-wins-invention-award 24 June 2014 NASA 25 June 2014 18 August 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160818025152/http://www.nasa.gov/ames/ames-instrument-helps-identify-the-first-habitable-environment-on-mars-wins-invention-award/ The Worldwide Integrated Assessment, issued by the Task Force on Systemic Pesticides, provides "conclusive" evidence that neonicotinoid pesticides are damaging a wide range of beneficial species and are a key factor in the decline of bees.New Four Year Scientific Analysis: Systemic Pesticides Pose Global Threat To Biodiversity And Ecosystem Services http://www.tfsp.info/wp-content/uploads/2014/06/WIA-PR-REL.pdf 24 June 2014 Task Force on Systemic Pesticides 24 June 2014 Widespread impacts of neonicotinoids 'impossible to deny' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-27980344 24 June 2014 BBC 24 June 2014 26 June New NASA images show the decline in nitrogen dioxide pollution across the U.S. over the last 10 years.New NASA Images Highlight U.S. Air Quality Improvement http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/new-nasa-images-highlight-us-air-quality-improvement/ 26 June 2014 NASA 26 June 2014 Researchers have detected the smallest force ever measured – approximately 42 yoctonewtons – using a unique optical trapping system that provides ultracold atoms. A yoctonewton is one septillionth of a newton.Not Much Force: Berkeley Researchers Detect Smallest Force Ever Measured https://newscenter.lbl.gov/2014/06/26/smallest-force-ever-measured/ 26 June 2014 Berkeley Lab 29 June 2014 thumb|200px|right|A summary of achievements of the Cassini spacecraft after a decade orbiting the planet Saturn. 27 June Scientists identify a new species of elephant shrew, named Macroscelides micus.New sengi species is related to an elephant, but small as a mouse http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-elephant-shrew-mouse-sengi-africa-cute-20140627-story.html LA Times 27 June 2014 Amina Khan 28 June 2014 NASA reports the Curiosity rover on the planet Mars has crossed the boundary line of its "3-sigma safe-to-land ellipse" and is now in territory that may get even more interesting, especially in terms of Martian geology and landscape (view from space).Staff Curiosity Mars Rover Reaching Edge of Its Landing Ellipse http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/msl/multimedia/images/?ImageID=6421 8 July 2014 NASA 11 July 2014 29 June – Indonesia now has greater rates of deforestation than Brazil, despite its forests being a quarter the size of the Amazon rainforest.Rate of deforestation in Indonesia overtakes Brazil, says study https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/jun/29/rate-of-deforestation-in-indonesia-overtakes-brazil-says-study 29 June 2014 The Guardian 29 June 2014 30 June NASA celebrates ten-years of studying Saturn and related moons by the Cassini spacecraft.Dyches Preston Clavin Whitney Cassini Celebrates 10 Years Exploring Saturn http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-203 25 June 2014 NASA 25 June 2014 (related image) Experiments on rat livers have shown that a new cooling method can triple the time that donor organs can be stored outside the body.New 'supercooling' technology increases organ preservation time http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/Home/Science/New-supercooling-technology-increases-organ-preservation-time/articleshow/37516235.cms 30 June 2014 The Times of India 30 June 2014 July 2 July NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) satellite, designed to measure global CO2 in precise geographic detail, is launched.Nasa launches carbon dioxide observer - BBC News NASA reports the ocean inside Titan, a moon of the planet Saturn, may be "as salty as the Earth's Dead Sea".Dyches Preston Brown Dwayne Ocean on Saturn Moon Could be as Salty as the Dead Sea http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-217 2 July 2014 NASA 2 July 2014 Mitria Giuseppe Meriggiolad Rachele Hayesc Alex Lefevree Axel Tobiee Gabriel Genovad Antonio Luninec Jonathan I. Zebkerg Howard Shape, topography, gravity anomalies and tidal deformation of Titan 1 July 2014 Icarus 10.1016/j.icarus.2014.03.018 236 169–177 2014Icar..236..169M Coral reefs in the Caribbean will disappear within 20 years, according to a new report from the IUCN.IUCN - From despair to repair: Dramatic decline of Caribbean corals can be reversedCaribbean coral reefs 'could vanish in 20 years' - BBC News Fabien Cousteau and two crew members resurface after 31 days living underwater and collecting scientific data.Fabien Cousteau Calls the Ocean 'Second Home' After 31-Day Undersea Mission 2 July 2014 ABC News https://abcnews.go.com/US/fabien-cousteau-set-emerge-31-day-underwater-mission/story?id=24395897 Alyssa Newcomb 2 July 2014Cousteau Ends 'Mission 31′ In Florida Keys 2 July 2014 David Sutta CBS4 Miami http://miami.cbslocal.com/2014/07/02/cousteau-ends-mission-31-in-florida-keys/ 3 July 2014 thumb|200px|right|Mars – Geologic Map(USGS; 14 July 2014)(full / video).Staff Mars - Geologic map - Video (00:56) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=quZMhSohIEU 14 July 2014 USGS 22 July 2014 3 July A genetic mutation that causes autism has been discovered.Genetic link to autism found, known as CHD8 mutation https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/07/140703125851.htm Science Daily 3 July 2014 6 July 2014 Astronomers report that the presumed exoplanets "Gliese 581 d" and the Earth-like "Gliese 581 g" are actually artifacts of stellar activity which, when "incompletely corrected", caused false detections.Robertson Paul Suvrath Mahadevan Mahadevan Suvrath Endl Michael Roy Arpita Stellar activity masquerading as planets in the habitable zone of the M dwarf Gliese 581 Science 345 6195 440–444 3 July 2014 10.1126/science.1253253 1407.1049 2014Sci...345..440R 24993348 206556796 Quenqua Douglas Earthlike Planets May Be Merely an Illusion https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/08/science/earthlike-planets-may-be-merely-an-illusion.html 7 July 2014 The New York Times 8 July 2014 4 July – Japanese scientists say they have found a way to slow down the ageing process in flowers by up to a half, meaning bouquets could remain fresh for much longer.Japan scientists find ageing cure - for flowers http://phys.org/news/2014-07-japan-scientists-ageing-.html 4 July 2014 PhysOrg 5 July 2014 Identification of NAC transcription factor, EPHEMERAL1, that controls petal senescence in Japanese morning glory Kenichi Shibuya Keiichi Shimizu Tomoko Niki Kazuo Ichimura 2 79 6 1044–1051 September 2014 The Plant Journal 10.1111/tpj.12605 24961791 2014PlJ....79.1044S free 7 July NASA reports Voyager 1, the farthest spacecraft from Earth, experienced a new third "tsunami wave", generated from activity (coronal mass ejections) on the sun, further confirming that the probe is in interstellar space.Claven Whitney Sun Sends More 'Tsunami Waves' to Voyager 1 http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-221 7 July 2014 NASA 8 July 2014 Scientists announce the discovery of a gigantic prehistoric bird, named Pelagornis sandersi, with the largest ever wingspan (up to an estimated 7.4 m ft on).Ksepka Daniel T. Flight performance of the largest volant bird 111 29 10624–10629 7 July 2014 PNAS 10.1073/pnas.1320297111 2014PNAS..11110624K 25002475 4115518 free Fossil of 'largest flying bird' identified https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28164063 BBC 7 July 2014 9 July 2014 9 July – The New York Times reports a reboot plan to rescue the International Cometary Explorer (or ICE or ISEE-3) spacecraft, the first spacecraft to visit a comet but removed from service by NASA in 1997, failed. The cause, currently under investigation, was originally believed to be a lack of nitrogen pressurant in the fuel tanks: this has now been proven not to be the case.McKinnon Mika Distributed Rocket Science is a Thing Now - ISEE-3 Status Report (10 July 2014) http://space.io9.com/distributed-rocket-science-is-a-thing-now-1603240054/all 10 July 2014 ISEE-3 Reboot Project 12 July 2014 8 December 2015 https://web.archive.org/web/20151208123838/http://space.io9.com/distributed-rocket-science-is-a-thing-now-1603240054/all dead The team is continuing to work the thruster issue before the craft reaches a point where the remaining fuel will not be sufficient to meaningfully alter its course. An alternative plan in the use of the spacecraft is to "collect scientific data and send it back to Earth."Chang Kenneth Space Probe Might Lack Nitrogen to Push It Home https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/10/science/space/space-probe-might-lack-nitrogen-to-push-it-home.html 9 July 2014 The New York Times 10 July 2014 10 July NASA reports that gullies on the surface of the planet Mars are mostly formed by the seasonal freezing of carbon dioxide, and not by that of liquid water as considered earlier.Harrington J.D. Webster Guy RELEASE 14-191 - NASA Spacecraft Observes Further Evidence of Dry Ice Gullies on Mars http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/nasa-spacecraft-observes-further-evidence-of-dry-ice-gullies-on-mars 10 July 2014 NASA 10 July 2014 Two stars – ULAS J0744+25 and ULAS J0015+01 – have been found orbiting the Milky Way at distances of 775,000 and 900,000 light-years from Earth, respectively. This makes them the most distant Milky Way stars ever detected, extending the boundaries of our home galaxy.Found! Most Distant Stars in the Milky Way Galaxy http://www.space.com/26483-milky-way-most-distant-stars.html Space.com 10 July 2014 11 July 2014 thumb|right|200px|Driving Distance Records - for Out-Of-This-World "Space Rovers" (NASA;28 July 2014). 11 July – The largest ever study of its kind has found significant differences between organic food and conventionally grown crops. The former has almost 70 percent more antioxidants – equivalent to eating between 1-2 extra portions of fruit and vegetables a day – and significantly lower levels of toxic heavy metals.New study finds significant differences between organic and non-organic food http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/new-study-finds-significant-differences-between-organic-and-non-organic-food Newcastle University 11 July 2014 13 July 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140714113032/http://www.ncl.ac.uk/press.office/press.release/item/new-study-finds-significant-differences-between-organic-and-non-organic-food 14 July 2014 14 July NASA announces a discussion by space experts about the "Search for Life in the Universe" (video replay (86:49)).Brown Dwayne MEDIA ADVISORY M14-117 - Leading Space Experts to Discuss the Search for Life Beyond Earth http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/leading-space-experts-to-discuss-the-search-for-life-beyond-earth 10 July 2014 NASA 10 July 2014 USGS releases geologic map of the planet Mars.Tanaka, Kenneth L. Skinner, James A. Jr. Dohm, James M. Irwin, Rossman P. III Kolb, Eric J. Fortezzo, Corey M. Platz, Thomas Michael, Gregory G. Hare, Trent M. Geologic Map of Mars - 2014 https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3292/ 14 July 2014 USGS 22 July 2014 Krisch Joshua A. Brand New Look at the Face of Mars https://www.nytimes.com/2014/07/23/science/space/brand-new-look-at-the-face-of-mars.html 22 July 2014 The New York Times 22 July 2014 (Mars map => crop / full / video (00:56)). 17 July – A new report shows how improvements in agricultural efficiency could feed an extra three billion people.New study shows how existing cropland could feed billions more http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-07/uom-nss071114.php University of Minnesota 17 July 2014 23 July 2014 7 January 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170107155038/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-07/uom-nss071114.php dead Leverage points for improving global food security and the environment Science 345 6194 325–8 18 July 2014 2014Sci...345..325W West Paul C. Gerber James S. Engstrom Peder M. Mueller Nathaniel D. Brauman Kate A. Kate Brauman Carlson Kimberly M. Cassidy Emily S. Johnston Matt MacDonald Graham K. Ray Deepak K. Siebert Stefan 10.1126/science.1246067 25035492 206552440 https://escholarship.org/uc/item/68q6540x 20 July – The anaphase-promoting complex – one of the most important and complicated proteins involved in cell division – has been mapped in 3D at a resolution of less than a nanometre. Researchers claim this finding could transform the understanding of cancer and reveal new binding sites for future cancer drugs.Scientists map one of most important proteins in life – and cancer https://www.icr.ac.uk/news-archive/scientists-map-one-of-most-important-proteins-in-life-and-cancer The Institute of Cancer Research 20 July 2014 22 July 2014 Molecular architecture and mechanism of the anaphase-promoting complex Nature 20 July 2014 10.1038/nature13543 25043029 513 7518 388–393 2014Natur.513..388C Chang Leifu Zhang Ziguo Yang Jing McLaughlin Stephen H Barford David 4456660 21 July For the first time, researchers have demonstrated proof-of-concept that the HIV virus can be eliminated from the DNA of human cell cultures.Temple University Researchers Successfully Eliminate the HIV Virus from Cultured Human Cells for the First Time http://www.temple.edu/medicine/temple_researchers_eliminate_hiv_virus_from_human_cells.htm Temple University 21 July 2014 22 July 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20151026023243/http://www.temple.edu/medicine/temple_researchers_eliminate_hiv_virus_from_human_cells.htm 26 October 2015 Globally, June 2014 was the hottest June since records began in 1880, according to latest data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). This follows the warmest May on record the previous month.Global Analysis - June 2014 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2014/6 NOAA 21 July 2014 22 July 2014 Experts predict that 2014 will be an El Niño year.World breaks monthly heat record 2 times in a row http://bigstory.ap.org/article/world-breaks-monthly-heat-record-2-times-row Associated Press 21 July 2014 22 July 2014 22 July – Self-cooling solar cells have been developed by Stanford researchers, using tiny pyramid structures made of silica glass.Self-cooling Solar Cells Boost Power, Last Longer http://www.osa.org/en-us/about_osa/newsroom/news_releases/2014/self-cooling_solar_cells_boost_power,_last_longer/ The Optical Society 22 July 2014 26 July 2014 23 July NASA reports that a massive, potentially damaging, Solar Superstorm (Solar flare, Coronal mass ejection, Solar EMP) event occurred on 23 July 2012, and barely missed Earth.Phillips Dr. Tony Near Miss: The Solar Superstorm of July 2012 https://science.nasa.gov/science-news/science-at-nasa/2014/23jul_superstorm/ 23 July 2014 NASA 26 July 2014 Staff Video (04:03) - Carrington-class coronal mass ejection narrowly misses Earth https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7ukQhycKOFw 28 April 2014 NASA 26 July 2014 There is an estimated 12% chance of a similar event occurring between 2012 and 2022. For the first time, evidence, in the form of fossilized trackways in Canada, shows that tyrannosaurs may have hunted in packs.Sample Ian Researchers find first sign that tyrannosaurs hunted in packs https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/jul/23/tyrannosaurs-hunted-packs-tracks-canada The Guardian 23 July 2014 28 July 2014 10.1371/journal.pone.0103613 A 'Terror of Tyrannosaurs': The First Trackways of Tyrannosaurids and Evidence of Gregariousness and Pathology in Tyrannosauridae PLOS ONE 9 7 e103613 2014 McCrea R. T. 2014PLoSO...9j3613M 25054328 4108409 free thumb|200px|right|Mars 2020 Rover - Payload (artist's concept; 31 July 2014).Brown Dwayne RELEASE 14-208 - NASA Announces Mars 2020 Rover Payload to Explore the Red Planet as Never Before http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/nasa-announces-mars-2020-rover-payload-to-explore-the-red-planet-as-never-before/ 31 July 2014 NASA 31 July 2014 Brown Dwayne NASA Announces Mars 2020 Rover Payload to Explore the Red Planet as Never Before http://mars.jpl.nasa.gov/mars2020/news/whatsnew/index.cfm?FuseAction=ShowNews&NewsID=1678 31 July 2014 NASA 31 July 2014 24 July NASA announces the determination of the most precise measurement so far attained for the size of an exoplanet (Kepler-93b);Claven Whitney The Most Precise Measurement of an Alien World's Size http://www.nasa.gov/jpl/spitzer/kepler/precise-measurement-alien-world-20140723/ 23 July 2014 NASA 25 July 2014 8 September 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180908062550/https://www.nasa.gov/jpl/spitzer/kepler/precise-measurement-alien-world-20140723/ the discovery of an exoplanet (Kepler-421b) that has the longest known year (704 days) of any transiting planet found so far;Johnson Michele Astronomers Discover Transiting Exoplanet with Longest Known Year http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/transiting-exoplanet-with-longest-known-year 21 July 2014 NASA 25 July 2014 17 April 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180417220605/https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/transiting-exoplanet-with-longest-known-year/ and, the finding of very dry atmospheres on three exoplanets (HD 189733b, HD 209458b, WASP-12b) orbiting sun-like stars.Harrington J.D. Villard Ray RELEASE 14-197 - Hubble Finds Three Surprisingly Dry Exoplanets http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/july/hubble-finds-three-surprisingly-dry-exoplanets/ 24 July 2014 NASA 25 July 2014 A new report from Stanford University warns that biodiversity is reaching a tipping point that will lead to a sixth mass extinction.Stanford biologist warns of early stages of Earth's 6th mass extinction event http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-sixth-mass-extinction-072414.html Stanford University 24 July 2014 25 July 2014 5 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190205230551/https://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-sixth-mass-extinction-072414.html 28 July – NASA reports that the Mars rover, "Opportunity", after having traveled over 25 mi km flip on on the planet Mars, has set a new "off-world" record as the rover having driven the greatest distance, surpassing the previous record held by the Soviet Union's Lunokhod 2 rover that had traveled 39 km mi on.Webster Guy Brown Dwayne NASA Long-Lived Mars Opportunity Rover Sets Off-World Driving Record http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-245 28 July 2014 NASA 29 July 2014 Knapp Alex NASA's Opportunity Rover Sets A Record For Off-World Driving https://www.forbes.com/sites/alexknapp/2014/07/29/nasas-opportunity-rover-sets-a-record-for-off-world-driving 29 July 2014 Forbes 29 July 2014 (related image) 31 July NASA announces the payload for the Mars 2020 rover, an upgraded version of the Curiosity rover presently exploring the planet Mars. (related image). Scientists report details of the evolution of birds from theropod dinosaurs.Borenstein Seth Study traces dinosaur evolution into early birds http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140731/us-sci-shrinking-dinosaurs-a5c053f221.html 31 July 2014 Associated Press 3 August 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140808042331/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140731/us-sci-shrinking-dinosaurs-a5c053f221.html 8 August 2014 Lee, Michael S.Y. Cau, Andrea Naish, Darren Dyke, Gareth J. Sustained miniaturization and anatomical innovation in the dinosaurian ancestors of birds 1 August 2014 Science 345 6196 562–566 10.1126/science.1252243 2014Sci...345..562L 25082702 37866029 The Australian humpback dolphin is scientifically described in the journal Marine Mammal Science.Taxonomic revision of the humpback dolphins (Sousa spp.), and description of a new species from Australia 10.1111/mms.12152 30 4 Marine Mammal Science 1494–1541 2014 Jefferson Thomas A Rosenbaum Howard C 2014MMamS..30.1494J Neurons reprogrammed from skin cells have been grafted into the brains of mice for the first time with long-term stability. This demonstration of lastingly stable neuron implantation raises hope for future therapies in humans that could replace sick neurons with healthy ones in the brains of Parkinson's disease patients, for example.Induced Neural Stem Cells Achieve Long-Term Survival and Functional Integration in the Adult Mouse Brain 3 3 423–431 Stem Cell Reports 31 July 2014 10.1016/j.stemcr.2014.06.017 25241741 4265999 Hemmer Kathrin Zhang Mingyue VanWüllen Thea Sakalem Marna Tapia Natalia Baumuratov Aidos Kaltschmidt Christian Kaltschmidt Barbara Schöler HansR. Zhang Weiqi Schwamborn JensC. August thumb|200px|6 August 2014: The Rosetta probe arrives at comet 67P. 4 August – A computer simulation by the MD Anderson Cancer Center predicts that on current trends, ongoing improvements in screening and drugs could make hepatitis C a rare disease by 2036.Study predicts hepatitis C will become a rare disease in 22 years http://www.mdanderson.org/newsroom/news-releases/2014/study-hepatitis-c-rare-22-years.html The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center 4 August 2014 8 August 2014 6 August The Curiosity rover celebrates its second anniversary since landing on the planet Mars in 2012.Webster Guy Brown Dwayne NASA Mars Curiosity Rover: Two Years and Counting on Red Planet http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-262 5 August 2014 NASA 6 August 2014 The Rosetta spacecraft arrives at Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The spacecraft is to begin close extended studies of a comet for the first time and is expected to land an associated probe, named Philae, on the comet's surface in November, 2014.Chang Kenneth Rosetta Spacecraft Set for Unprecedented Close Study of a Comet https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/06/science/space/rosetta-spacecraft-set-for-unprecedented-close-study-of-a-comet.html 5 August 2014 The New York Times 5 August 2014 7 August – Scientists at IBM Research have created a neuromorphic (brain-like) computer chip with 1 million programmable neurons and 256 million programmable synapses across 4096 individual neurosynaptic cores.New IBM SyNAPSE Chip Could Open Era of Vast Neural Networks https://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/44529.wss https://web.archive.org/web/20140811041907/http://www-03.ibm.com/press/us/en/pressrelease/44529.wss 11 August 2014 IBM 7 August 2014 7 August 2014 8 August – A stroke therapy using stem cells extracted from patients' bone marrow has shown promising results in the first trial of its kind in humans.Stem cells show promise for stroke in pilot study http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_8-8-2014-12-58-0 Imperial College London 8 August 2014 8 August 2014 6 March 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170306064545/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_8-8-2014-12-58-0 dead 10 August The International Cometary Explorer (or ICE or ISEE-3) passes (at 18:17 UTC) about 9700 mi km flip on from the surface of the Moon and, afterwards, will return to the vicinity of Earth in 17 years. ICE is the first spacecraft to visit a comet but removed from service by NASA in 1997. Recent attempts to regain control of ICE by space enthusiasts have not been successful.Chang Kenneth Rudderless Craft to Get Glimpse of Home Before Sinking into Space's Depths https://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/09/science/space/09zombie.html 8 August 2014 The New York Times 9 August 2014 A carbon dioxide "sponge" that could help absorb man-made emissions from power plants has been announced by the American Chemical Society. Carbon Dioxide 'Sponge' Could Ease Transition to Cleaner Energy http://www.newswise.com/articles/carbon-dioxide-sponge-could-ease-transition-to-cleaner-energy ACS 10 August 2014 13 August 2014 11 August – Astronomers release studies, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) for the first time, that detail the distribution of HCN, HNC, H2CO, and dust inside the comae of comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2012 S1 (ISON).Zubritsky Elizabeth Neal-Jones Nancy RELEASE 14-038 - NASA's 3-D Study of Comets Reveals Chemical Factory at Work http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/august/goddard/nasa-s-3-d-study-of-comets-reveals-chemical-factory-at-work 11 August 2014 NASA 12 August 2014 Cordiner, M.A. Mapping the Release of Volatiles in the Inner Comae of Comets C/2012 F6 (Lemmon) and C/2012 S1 (ISON) Using the Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array 11 August 2014 The Astrophysical Journal 792 L2 1 10.1088/2041-8205/792/1/L2 Remijan A. J. Boissier J. Milam S. N. Mumma M. J. Charnley S. B. Paganini L. Villanueva G. Bockelée-Morvan D. Dominique Bockelée-Morvan Kuan Y.-J. Chuang Y.-L. Lis D. C. Biver N. Crovisier J. Minniti D. Coulson I. M. 1408.2458 2014ApJ...792L...2C 26277035 13 August NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory 2 begins returning data on global CO2.New CO2 Satellite Sends First Data Back to Earth http://www.climatecentral.org/news/nasa-oco2-satellite-data-17893 Climate Central 13 August 2014 16 August 2014 The 2014 International Congress of Mathematicians awards the Fields Medal to Artur Avila, Manjul Bhargava, Martin Hairer, and Maryam Mirzakhani. Mirzakhani is the first woman to win a Fields Medal.http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations/ International Mathematical Union (IMU): Prize Citations 2014-08-20 11 November 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171111174206/http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/prize-citations http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014/ International Mathematical Union (IMU): 2014 2014-08-20 3 December 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171203031644/http://www.mathunion.org/general/prizes/2014 14 August Scientists announce the collection of possible interstellar dust particles from the Stardust spacecraft since returning to Earth in 2006.Agle DC Brown Dwayne Jeffs William Stardust Discovers Potential Interstellar Space Particles http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-278 14 August 2014 NASA 14 August 2014 Dunn Marcia Specks returned from space may be alien visitors http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140814/us-sci--alien_stardust-9d21e5267a.html 14 August 2014 Associated Press 14 August 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140819102935/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20140814/us-sci--alien_stardust-9d21e5267a.html 19 August 2014 Hand Eric Seven grains of interstellar dust reveal their secrets https://www.science.org/content/article/seven-grains-interstellar-dust-reveal-their-secrets 14 August 2014 Science 14 August 2014 Westphal, Andrew J. Evidence for interstellar origin of seven dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft 15 August 2014 Science 345 6198 786–791 10.1126/science.1252496 Stroud Bechtel Brenker Butterworth Flynn Frank Gainsforth Hillier Postberg Simionovici Sterken Nittler Allen Anderson Ansari Bajt Bastien Bassim Bridges Brownlee Burchell Burghammer Changela Cloetens Davis Doll Floss Grun Heck 29 2014Sci...345..786W 25124433 2381/32470 206556225 https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/10129433 free A self-organising robot swarm consisting of 1,000 individual machines has been demonstrated by Harvard University.A self-organizing thousand-robot swarm http://www.seas.harvard.edu/news/2014/08/self-organizing-thousand-robot-swarm Harvard 14 August 2014 16 August 2014 15 August – Laser physicists have found a way to make atomic force microscope probes 20 times more sensitive and capable of detecting forces as small as the weight of an individual virus.Laser makes microscopes way cooler http://news.anu.edu.au/2014/08/15/laser-makes-microscopes-way-cooler/ ANU 15 August 2014 17 August 2014 20 August Russian cosmonauts report finding sea plankton on outer window surfaces of the International Space Station and are unable to explain how it got there.Kramer Miriam Sea Plankton on Space Station? Russian Official Claims It's So http://www.space.com/26888-sea-plankton-space-station-russian-claim.html 20 August 2014 Space.com 21 August 2014 Yirka Bob ITAR-TASS claims Russian cosmonauts have found sea plankton on outside of International Space Station http://phys.org/news/2014-08-itar-tass-russian-cosmonauts-sea-plankton.html 21 August 2014 Phys.org 22 August 2014 Staff Scientists find traces of sea plankton on ISS surface http://en.itar-tass.com/non-political/745635 19 August 2014 Information Telegraph Agency of Russia 22 August 2014 Cowing Keith Keith Cowing Russian Scientists Claim That Algae Lives on ISS Exterior (Update) http://nasawatch.com/archives/iss-news/ 21 August 2014 NASA Watch 22 August 2014 August 2026 InternetArchiveBot Scientists have discovered thousands of different types of microorganisms in Lake Whillans, a large body of water buried 800 m ft on under the Antarctic ice sheet.Fox Douglas Lakes under the ice: Antarctica's secret garden 20 August 2014 Nature 512 7514 244–246 10.1038/512244a 2014Natur.512..244F 25143097 free Mack Eric Life Confirmed Under Antarctic Ice; Is Space Next? https://www.forbes.com/sites/ericmack/2014/08/20/life-confirmed-under-antarctic-ice-is-space-next/ 20 August 2014 Forbes 21 August 2014 Amos Jonathan Antarctic hides extreme ecosystem https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28853387 BBC News 20 August 2014 21 August 2014 Ice loss from the Greenland and West Antarctic ice sheets has more than doubled in the last five years, based on extensive mapping by the ESA satellite CryoSat-2. The "unprecedented" rate of melting – around 500 cubic kilometres of ice per year – is the highest on record.Record decline of ice sheets: For the first time scientists map elevation changes of Greenlandic and Antarctic glaciers http://www.awi.de/en/news/press_releases/detail/item/record_decline_of_ice_sheets_for_the_first_time_scientists_map_elevation_changes_of_greenlandic_and/ The Alfred Wegener Institute 20 August 2014 24 August 2014 Elevation and elevation change of Greenland and Antarctica derived from CryoSat-2 http://www.the-cryosphere.net/8/1539/2014/tc-8-1539-2014.html The Cryosphere 20 August 2014 10.5194/tc-8-1539-2014 24 August 2014 Helm V. Humbert A. Miller H. 8 4 1539–1559 2014TCry....8.1539H free 'Incredible' rate of polar ice loss alarms scientists https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/aug/24/incredible-polar-ice-loss-cryosat-antarctica-greenland The Guardian 24 August 2014 24 August 2014 A new study suggests that modern humans and Neanderthals co-existed in Europe for up to 5,000 years – 10 times longer than previously thought.New dates rewrite Neanderthal story https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-28693371 BBC 20 August 2014 24 August 2014 Scientists have discovered the area of the brain responsible for exercise motivation – the dorsal medial habenula.Scientists Discover Area of Brain Responsible for Exercise Motivation http://www.seattlechildrens.org/Press-Releases/2014/Scientists-Discover-Area-of-Brain-Responsible-for-Exercise-Motivation/ Seattle Children's Hospital 20 August 2014 29 August 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140829020817/http://www.seattlechildrens.org/Press-Releases/2014/Scientists-Discover-Area-of-Brain-Responsible-for-Exercise-Motivation/ 29 August 2014 21 August Researchers have designed a computer program that can accurately recognize users' emotional states as much as 87% of the time.Does your computer know how you're feeling? https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140821090524.htm Science Daily 21 August 2014 24 August 2014 Children's social skills may be declining as they have less time for face-to-face interaction due to their increased use of digital media, according to a UCLA psychology study.In our digital world, are young people losing the ability to read emotions? http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/in-our-digital-world-are-young-people-losing-the-ability-to-read-emotions UCLA 21 August 2014 25 August 2014 A new automated process that uses a flash of light to detect fluorescence lifetimes can improve the sorting and recycling of plastics.New technique automates sorting of plastics for recycling http://www.gizmag.com/plastic-fluorescence-sorting/33476/ Gizmag 22 August 2014 25 August 2014 The fluorescent fingerprint of plastics http://www.en.uni-muenchen.de/news/press-services/press-releases/2014/langhals_plastikmuell.html LMU 21 August 2014 25 August 2014 24 August – A whole functioning organ – a thymus – has been engineered to grow inside an animal for the first time.Whole organ 'grown' in world first https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-28887087 BBC 24 August 2014 25 August 2014 25 August – Scientists announce five possible landing sites on comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko by the Philae lander associated with the Rosetta spacecraft that rendezvoused with the comet on 6 August 2014.Agle DC Brown Dwayne Bauer Markus Rosetta: Landing site search narrows http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-289 25 August 2014 NASA 26 August 2014 28 August NASA reports the observation of a dust cloud believed to have formed as a result of asteroids colliding near the star NGC 2547-ID8, a system 1,200 light years away. This sighting will offer a rare opportunity to observe the processes involved in rocky planet formation.NASA's Spitzer Telescope Witnesses Asteroid Smashup http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-291 NASA 28 August 2014 2 September 2014 NASA completes a review of the Space Launch System. The rocket will have its first test launch "no later than November 2018" with a possibility of crewed flights to Mars in the 2030s.NASA Completes Key Review of World's Most Powerful Rocket in Support of Journey to Mars http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/august/nasa-completes-key-review-of-world-s-most-powerful-rocket-in-support-of-journey-to/ NASA 27 August 2014 3 September 2014 30 August – A new drug known as LCZ696 can reduce the risk of death from cardiovascular disease by 20% compared to previous treatments. It is claimed to be among the biggest advances in treating this condition in over 10 years.PARADIGM HF – Investigational LCZ696: a new horizon in heart failure http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=144887&CultureCode=en European Society of Cardiology (ESC) 30 August 2014 7 September 2014 4 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304124300/http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=144887&CultureCode=en 31 August Wine only protects against cardiovascular disease in people who exercise, a study finds.Wine only protects against cardiovascular disease in people who exercise, study finds https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140831125255.htm Science Daily 31 August 2014 1 September 2014 A study of 131,000 people has found that drinking tea reduces non-cardiovascular mortality by 24 percent.Drinking tea reduces non-cardiovascular mortality by 24 percent, study finds https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/08/140831125253.htm Science Daily 31 August 2014 2 September 2014 September September – Scientists in Peru release photographs of a live Cuscomys oblativus (the Machu Picchu arboreal chinchilla rat), which has previously thought to have been extinct.http://news.mongabay.com/2014/0925-hance-inca-rat.html In the shadows of Machu Picchu, scientists find 'extinct' cat-sized mammal Hance Jeremy 2014-09-25 Mongabey 2020-05-28 1 September – An office enriched with plants makes staff happier and boosts productivity by 15 per cent, according to a study by the University of Queensland.Leafy-green better than lean http://www.uq.edu.au/news/article/2014/09/leafy-green-better-lean University of Queensland 1 September 2014 2 September 2014 2 September – The current rate of species extinctions is 1,000 times faster than the pre-human era, according to a study in the journal Conservation Biology.Extinctions during human era worse than thought https://news.brown.edu/articles/2014/09/extinctions Brown University 2 September 2014 3 September 2014 3 September Two species are described in the new genus Dendrogramma, which was initially unassigned to any particular phylum in the animal kingdom.Deep sea 'mushroom' may be new branch of life - BBC News It is later classified as a single cnidarian species.https://www.bbc.com/news/world-australia-36457841 Origin of mystery deep-sea mushroom revealed BBC News 7 June 2016 Myles Gough 6 July 2016 Brain-to-brain communication has been demonstrated in humans located 5,000 miles apart.Direct brain-to-brain communication demonstrated in human subjects https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140903105646.htm Science Daily 3 September 2014 4 September 2014 Grau Carles Ginhoux Romuald Riera Alejandro Nguyen Thanh Lam Chauvat Hubert Berg Michel Amengual Julià L. Pascual-Leone Alvaro Ruffini Giulio Conscious Brain-to-Brain Communication in Humans Using Non-Invasive Technologies PLOS ONE 9 8 e105225 19 August 2014 10.1371/journal.pone.0105225 25137064 4138179 2014PLoSO...9j5225G free Astronomers have determined that the Milky Way galaxy is part of a newly identified supercluster of galaxies, which they have dubbed 'Laniakea'.Newly Identified Galactic Supercluster Is Home to the Milky Way https://public.nrao.edu/news/pressreleases/supercluster-gbt NRAO 3 September 2014 5 September 2014 Canada has overtaken Brazil to lead the world in forest decline, according to a new report. The pace of decline is accelerating with more than 104 million hectares – about 8.1 per cent of global undisturbed forests – lost from 2000 to 2013.Marsden Canada leads world in forest decline, report says https://ottawacitizen.com/News/10174673/story.html Ottawa Citizen 3 September 2014 5 September 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140906023345/http://www.ottawacitizen.com/News/10174673/story.html 6 September 2014 4 September A new study finds there is 99.999% certainty that anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions are driving global warming.A probabilistic analysis of human influence on recent record global mean temperature changes 4 September 2014 10.1016/j.crm.2014.03.002 3 Climate Risk Management 1–12 Kokic Philip Crimp Steven Howden Mark Stuart Mark Howden 2014CliRM...3....1K free 1885/153825 free 99.999% certainty humans are driving global warming: new study http://theconversation.com/99-999-certainty-humans-are-driving-global-warming-new-study-29911 The Conversation 4 September 2014 4 September 2014 NASA reports receiving the first science data from instruments aboard the Rosetta orbiter studying the comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko. The data suggests the comet is unusually dark, hydrogen and oxygen were found in the coma and the surface did not contain any large water-ice patches. Large water-ice patches were expected by scientists since the comet is too far away from the Sun's warmth to turn its water to vapor.Brown Dwayne Agle AG Marinez Maria Bauer Markus RELEASE 14-238 - NASA Instrument aboard European Spacecraft Returns First Science Results http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/september/nasa-instrument-aboard-european-spacecraft-returns-first-science-results/ 4 September 2014 NASA 5 September 2014 Oxygen-producing life forms were present on Earth 60 million years earlier than previously thought, according to geologists from Trinity College Dublin.Trinity geologists re-write Earth's evolutionary history books http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/tcd-tgr090414.php EurekAlert 4 September 2014 8 September 2014 11 January 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190111210108/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/tcd-tgr090414.php dead The coffee genome is published, with more than 25,000 genes identified. This reveals that coffee plants makes caffeine using a different set of genes from those found in tea, cacao and other such plants.Coffee got its buzz by a different route than tea http://www.nature.com/news/coffee-got-its-buzz-by-a-different-route-than-tea-1.15832 Nature 4 September 2014 10.1038/nature.2014.15832 9 September 2014 Callaway Ewen 168085931 subscription Coffee genome sheds light on the evolution of caffeine http://www.buffalo.edu/news/releases/2014/09/005.html#sthash.oRqii1ZI.dpuf University at Buffalo 4 September 2014 9 September 2014 thumb|right|200px|The blue whale exhibit at the American Museum of Natural History. 5 September Blue whales off the California coast have recovered to near historical population levels, numbering about 2,200.California blue whales rebound from whaling; first of their kin to do so http://www.washington.edu/news/2014/09/05/california-blue-whales-rebound-from-whaling-first-of-their-kin-to-do-so/ University of Washington 5 September 2014 6 September 2014 The first graphene-based flexible display has been manufactured by the University of Cambridge. First graphene-based flexible display produced http://www.cam.ac.uk/research/news/first-graphene-based-flexible-display-produced University of Washington 5 September 2014 6 September 2014 7 September – NASA reports that a small near-Earth asteroid, named 2014 RC, will make a close approach to Earth of 0.000267 AU km mi on on (0.1 lunar distances) around 18:01 UTC on 7 September 2014.Agle DC Brown Dwayne Small Asteroid to Safely Pass Close to Earth Sunday http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-295 3 September 2014 NASA 7 September 2014 http://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2014RC;cad=1#cad JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 RC) 6 September 2014NASA reports asteroid to pass close, but safely past Earth. http://www.clarksvilleonline.com/2014/09/04/nasa-reports-small-asteroid-2014-rc-pass-close-safely-past-earth/ clarksvilleonline.com 4 September 2014 Clarksville Online 4 September 2014 8 September NASA reports finding evidence of plate tectonics on Europa, a satellite of the planet Jupiter - the first sign of such geological activity on another world other than Earth.Dyches Preston Brown Dwayne Buckley Michael Scientists Find Evidence of 'Diving' Tectonic Plates on Europa http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-300 8 September 2014 NASA 8 September 2014 Biologists have identified a gene – AMPK – that can extend the life span of fruit flies by 30%. Furthermore, this affects the entire body when activated "remotely" in key organ systems.UCLA biologists delay the aging process by 'remote control' http://newsroom.ucla.edu/releases/ucla-biologists-delay-the-aging-process-by-remote-control UCLA 8 September 2014 9 September 2014 9 September Greenhouse gas emissions are rising at their fastest rate since 1984, according to the World Meteorological Organisation (WMO).Greenhouse gas levels rising at fastest rate since 1984 https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29115845 BBC 9 September 2014 9 September 2014 Taking three slow, short walks of five minutes each can reverse the harmful effects of prolonged sitting for three hours.Three Short Walks Reverse Harmful Effects of 3 Hours of Prolonged Sitting http://www.neomatica.com/2014/09/09/three-short-walks-reverse-harmful-effects-3-hours-prolonged-sitting/ Neomatica 9 September 2014 9 September 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140909100803/http://www.neomatica.com/2014/09/09/three-short-walks-reverse-harmful-effects-3-hours-prolonged-sitting/ 9 September 2014 Astronomers have discovered the first evidence of water ice clouds on an object outside of the Solar System.First evidence for water ice clouds found outside our solar system https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140909110754.htm Science Daily 9 September 2014 10 September 2014 Engineers at Stanford University have created ant-sized radios-on-a-chip, powered by incoming electromagnetic waves, that could be used for the Internet of Things.Stanford engineers aim to connect the world with ant-sized radios http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ant-radio-arbabian-090914.html Stanford 9 September 2014 13 September 2014 12 June 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100918/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ant-radio-arbabian-090914.html 10 September – The rate of Amazon deforestation increased by 29% in 2013, with 5,891 km2 of forest cleared, according to figures released by the Brazilian government.Amazon deforestation jumps 29% https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2014/sep/11/amazon-deforestation-jumps The Guardian 11 September 2014 11 September 2014 11 September NASA reports the Curiosity rover on the planet Mars has reached Mount Sharp (or Aeolis Mons), a mountain at the center of Gale Crater and the rover mission's long-term prime destination.Webster Guy Agle DC Brown Dwayne NASA's Mars Curiosity Rover Arrives at Martian Mountain http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-307 11 September 2014 NASA 10 September 2014 Chang Kenneth After a Two-Year Trek, NASA's Mars Rover Reaches Its Mountain Lab https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/12/science/space/after-a-two-year-trek-nasa-mars-rover-reaches-its-mountain-lab.html 11 September 2014 The New York Times 12 September 2014 A new fossil of Spinosaurus confirms it as the first known swimming dinosaur and the only known semi-aquatic dinosaur.Spinosaurus fossil: 'Giant swimming dinosaur' unearthed https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29143096 BBC 11 September 2014 12 September 2014 SanDisk has revealed a 512 GB SD card, the highest storage capacity ever seen in this form factor.SanDisk SD memory card 'largest ever' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-29175093 BBC 12 September 2014 12 September 2014 SanDisk Launches Its Highest Capacity SD Card Yet http://www.tomshardware.com/news/sandisk-storage-sdhc-512gb-capacity,27651.html Tom's Hardware 11 September 2014 12 September 2014 12 September A robot with dexterous arms capable of loading a dishwasher has been unveiled at the British Science Festival.'Boris' the robot can load up dishwasher https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29168675 BBC 12 September 2014 12 September 2014 Researchers have achieved a breakthrough in producing hydrogen fuel from water. The new technique, which stores energy from the sun and wind, is 30 times faster than the leading PEME process.Researchers claim hydrogen energy advance https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/uk-scotland-scotland-politics-29168382 BBC 12 September 2014 12 September 2014 15 September ESA announces choosing "Site J" on the "head" of the comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko as the landing site of the Philae probe attached to the Rosetta spacecraft presently orbiting the comet.Agle DC Brown Dwayne Bauer Markus 'J' Marks the Spot for Rosetta's Lander http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-310 15 September 2014 NASA 15 September 2014 The planned landing date is 11 November 2014.Staff 'J' Marks the Spot for Rosetta's Lander http://www.esa.int/Our_Activities/Space_Science/Rosetta/J_marks_the_spot_for_Rosetta_s_lander 15 September 2014 ESA 15 September 2014 When FOXP2 – a human gene responsible for speech and language – is spliced into mice, it allows them to learn more quickly and perform better in a variety of tests, according to a new study.Neuroscientists identify key role of language gene http://newsoffice.mit.edu/2014/language-gene-0915 MIT 15 September 2014 21 September 2014 16 September – NASA awards contracts to Boeing and SpaceX to carry out crewed missions to the International Space Station from 2017 onwards, ending U.S. reliance on Russia for space transportation services.NASA Chooses American Companies to Transport U.S. Astronauts to International Space Station http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/september/nasa-chooses-american-companies-to-transport-us-astronauts-to-international/#.VBnaDBZVW-4 NASA 16 September 2014 17 September 2014 Boeing CST-100 Selected as Next American Spacecraft http://boeing.mediaroom.com/2014-09-16-Boeing-CST-100-Selected-as-Next-American-Spacecraft Boeing 16 September 2014 17 September 2014 NASA SELECTS SPACEX TO BE PART OF AMERICA'S HUMAN SPACEFLIGHT PROGRAM http://www.spacex.com/news/2014/09/16/nasa-selects-spacex-be-part-americas-human-spaceflight-program SpaceX 16 September 2014 17 September 2014 15 March 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190315165820/https://www.spacex.com/news/2014/09/16/nasa-selects-spacex-be-part-americas-human-spaceflight-program 17 September A study of 100 billion animals fed GM and regular crops shows no effect of GM crops on animal health.The Debate About GMO Safety Is Over, Thanks to a New Trillion-Meal Study https://www.forbes.com/sites/jonentine/2014/09/17/the-debate-about-gmo-safety-is-over-thanks-to-a-new-trillion-meal-study/ Forbes 17 September 2014 21 September 2014 The first blood test to diagnose major depression in adults has been developed.First blood test to diagnose depression in adults https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140917121229.htm ScienceDaily 17 September 2014 7 October 2014 18 September Globally, August 2014 was the hottest August on record, according to data released by NOAA. This follows the hottest May and June also this year.August and June–August global temperatures each reach record high, driven largely by record warm global oceans https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/09/140918111917.htm Science Daily 18 September 2014 19 September 2014 Global Analysis - August 2014 http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/sotc/global/2014/8 NOAA 18 September 2014 19 September 2014 Man-made CO2 continues to track the high end of emission scenarios, eroding the chances to keep global warming below 2 °C, according to the Centre for International Climate and Environmental Research (CICERO).Dwindling chances to stay below 2 °C warming http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=145453&CultureCode=en CICERO 18 September 2014 22 September 2014 17 April 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160417002452/http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=145453&CultureCode=en 19 September – Stanford researchers have developed a "decoy" protein that disrupts metastasis, the process that makes cancer cells spread to other sites in the body.Stanford researchers create 'evolved' protein that may stop cancer from spreading http://engineering.stanford.edu/news/stanford-researchers-create-evolved-protein-may-stop-cancer-spreading Stanford 19 September 2014 23 September 2014 13 June 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170613111622/https://engineering.stanford.edu/news/stanford-researchers-create-evolved-protein-may-stop-cancer-spreading 21 September – The MAVEN (Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution) space probe begins orbiting the planet Mars (10:24 pm/et/usa, 21 September 2014).Brown Dwayne Neal-Jones Nancy Zubritsky Elizabeth NASA's Newest Mars Mission Spacecraft Enters Orbit around Red Planet http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-318 21 September 2014 NASA 22 September 2014 Chang Kenneth NASA Craft, Nearing Mars, Prepares to Go to Work https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/22/science/space/nasa-craft-mars.html 21 September 2014 The New York Times 21 September 2014 thumb|right|200px|India's first Mars probe - the Mars Orbiter Mission, Mangalyaan. 23 September – NASA reports the K2 mission of the Kepler space observatory has completed campaign 1, the first official set of science observations, and that campaign 2 is underway.Sobeck Charlie Mission Manager Update: C1 data on the ground; C2 underway http://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/mission-manager-update-c1-data-on-the-ground-c2-underway 23 September 2014 NASA 23 September 2014 17 April 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180417220541/https://www.nasa.gov/ames/kepler/mission-manager-update-c1-data-on-the-ground-c2-underway/ 24 September India's first probe to Mars – the Mars Orbiter Mission, Mangalyaan – successfully enters orbit at 02:00 UTC.Mangalyaan: India's race for space success https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-asia-india-29307123 BBC 24 September 2014 24 September 2014 Mars Orbiter Spacecraft Successfully Inserted into Mars Orbit http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Sep24_2014 Indian Space Research Organization 24 September 2014 24 September 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140925151403/http://www.isro.org/pressrelease/scripts/pressreleasein.aspx?Sep24_2014 25 September 2014 NASA reports detecting water vapor on the exoplanet HAT-P-11b, the first time molecules of any kind have been found on such a relatively small exoplanet.Clavin Whitney Chou Felicia Weaver Donna Villard Ray Johnson Michele NASA Telescopes Find Clear Skies and Water Vapor on Exoplanet http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-322&1 24 September 2014 NASA 24 September 2014 14 January 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170114220647/http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-322&1 Security experts report a security hole, dubbed the "Shellshock" bug, in the Unix Bash shell internet program code that dates from version 1.13 in 1992 and may be considered more significant than the "Heartbleed" bug. An incomplete software patch has been made available to fix it.Leyden John Patch Bash NOW: 'Shell Shock' bug blasts OS X, Linux systems wide open https://www.theregister.co.uk/2014/09/24/bash_shell_vuln/ The Register 24 September 2014 25 September 2014Perlroth Nicole Security Experts Expect 'Shellshock' Software Bug in Bash to Be Significant https://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/26/technology/security-experts-expect-shellshock-software-bug-to-be-significant.html 25 September 2014 The New York Times 25 September 2014 25 September – A complex organic molecule, Iso-propyl cyanide, has been discovered near the galactic core. This is more similar to amino acids – the building blocks of life – than any previous finding. Furthermore, it is present in abundant quantities.New molecule found in space connotes life origins https://news.cornell.edu/stories/2014/09/new-molecule-found-space-connotes-life-origins Cornell University 25 September 2014 27 September 2014 28 September – A new drug for advanced breast cancer can extend patients' lives by 15.7 months (56.5 vs. 40.8 months compared to previous treatments).Roche's Perjeta regimen extended the lives of people with an aggressive type of metastatic breast cancer by 15.7 months compared to Herceptin and chemotherapy http://www.roche.com/media/media_releases/med-cor-2014-09-28.htm Roche 28 September 2014 29 September 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141009085624/http://www.roche.com/media/media_releases/med-cor-2014-09-28.htm 9 October 2014Breast cancer drug Perjeta could extend patients' lives by 15 months – study https://www.theguardian.com/society/2014/sep/29/breast-cancer-drug-perjeta-extend-lives-study The Guardian 29 September 2014 29 September 2014 29 September The Greenland Ice Sheet is more vulnerable to climate change than previously thought, with implications for sea level rise, according to the University of Cambridge.Greenland Ice Sheet more vulnerable to climate change than previously thought http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/uoc-gis092614.php University of Cambridge 29 September 2014 30 September 2014 5 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160305011529/http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-09/uoc-gis092614.php dead Scientists have designed a record-breaking laser that accelerates the interaction between light and matter by ten times.Physicists create lasers that switch on and off at world record speed http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_29-9-2014-8-43-35 Imperial College London 29 September 2014 3 October 2014 25 December 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20161225035129/http://www3.imperial.ac.uk/newsandeventspggrp/imperialcollege/newssummary/news_29-9-2014-8-43-35 dead Speed at its limits http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=145735&CultureCode=en Friedrich Schiller University Jena via Alpha Galileo 29 September 2014 3 October 2014 4 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160304130403/http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=145735&CultureCode=en 30 September Microsoft announces Windows 10, the next generation of its operating system.Announcing Windows 10 http://blogs.windows.com/bloggingwindows/2014/09/30/announcing-windows-10/ Microsoft 30 September 2014 1 October 2014 Microsoft unveils Windows 10 system with Start Menu https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-29431412 BBC 30 September 2014 1 October 2014 The global average Internet connection speed exceeds the 4 Mbit/s "broadband" threshold for the first time.Akamai Releases Second Quarter 2014 'State of the Internet' Report http://www.akamai.com/html/about/press/releases/2014/press-093014.html Akamai 30 September 2014 11 October 2014 CDC reports the first Ebola virus case in the United States in Dallas, Texas.Staff CDC and Texas Health Department Confirm First Ebola Case Diagnosed in the U.S. https://www.cdc.gov/media/releases/2014/s930-ebola-confirmed-case.html 30 September 2014 CDC 30 September 2014 Grady Denise Ebola Is Diagnosed in Texas, First Case Found in the U.S. https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/01/health/airline-passenger-with-ebola-is-under-treatment-in-dallas.html 30 September 2014 The New York Times 30 September 2014 David Javier E. CDC confirms first Ebola case diagnosed in US https://www.cnbc.com/2014/09/30/cdc-confirms-first-ebola-case-diagnosed-in-us.html 30 September 2014 CNBC 30 September 2014 Freedom du Lac J. Larimer Sarah Izadi Elahe Report: CDC has confirmed an Ebola case in Texas https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/to-your-health/wp/2014/09/30/a-dallas-hospital-is-evaluating-a-patient-for-possible-ebola/ 30 September 2014 The Washington Post 30 September 2014 October thumb|right|200px|Moon - ancient rift valleys found around Oceanus Procellarum (GRAIL; 1 October 2014). 1 October – NASA reports the GRAIL mission detected ancient rift valleys surrounding the large Oceanus Procellarum ("Ocean of Storms") region of the Moon.Brown Dwayne Agle DC Morton Kathleen RELEASE 14-236 - NASA Mission Points to Origin of "Ocean of Storms" on Earth's Moon http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/october/nasa-mission-points-to-origin-of-ocean-of-storms-on-earth-s-moon/ 1 October 2014 NASA 4 October 2014 2 October Previously hypothesized Majorana fermions as quasiparticles are reported to be observed for the first time.Stevan Nadj-Perge Observation of Majorana fermions in ferromagnetic atomic chains on a superconductor Science 346 6209 602–607 2 October 2014 10.1126/science.1259327 1 Li Chen Jeon Seo MacDonald Bernevig Yazdani 1410.0682 2014Sci...346..602N 25278507 206561257 The world's first commercial-scale carbon capture and storage (CCS) process on a coal-fired power plant officially opens at Boundary Dam Power Station in Estevan, Saskatchewan.SaskPower launches world's first commercial CCS process http://www.saskpower.com/about-us/media-information/news-releases/saskpower-launches-worlds-first-commercial-ccs-process/ SaskPower 2 October 2014 10 October 2014 3 October A new reconstruction of its genetic history shows that the HIV pandemic almost certainly originated in Kinshasa, the capital of the Democratic Republic of the Congo, around 1920.HIV pandemic's origins located http://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2014-10-03-hiv-pandemics-origins-located# University of Oxford 3 October 2014 5 October 2014 A new process can separate CO2 molecules into a carbon atom and O2 molecule, instead of carbon monoxide and a single oxygen atom. Future applications may include spacesuits that do not require oxygen tanks.Researchers discover a way to tease oxygen molecules from carbon dioxide http://phys.org/news/2014-10-oxygen-molecules-carbon-dioxide.html PhysOrg 3 October 2014 4 October 2014 Researchers have created a hybrid "solar battery" that can store its own power using nanometer-sized rods of titanium dioxide.Batteries Included: A Solar Cell that Stores its Own Power http://news.osu.edu/news/2014/10/03/batteries-included-a-solar-cell-that-stores-its-own-power/ Ohio State University 3 October 2014 5 October 2014 The Oregon cave, where the oldest DNA evidence of human habitation in North America was found, has been added to the National Register of Historic Places. The DNA, radiocarbon dated to 14,300 years ago, was found in fossilized human coprolites uncovered in the Paisley Five Mile Point Caves in south-central Oregon.Staff Cave containing earliest human DNA dubbed historic http://phys.org/news/2014-10-cave-earliest-human-dna-dubbed.html 3 October 2014 Phys.org 5 October 2014 4 October – The first baby born to a mother with a womb transplant is announced in Sweden.First womb-transplant baby born https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29485996 BBC 4 October 2014 4 October 2014 5 October – A new study of global warming shows that ocean heat content has been greatly underestimated in the Southern Hemisphere. As a result, the world's oceans are now absorbing between 24 and 58 per cent more energy than previously thought.Livermore scientists suggest ocean warming in Southern Hemisphere underestimated https://www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2014/Oct/NR-14-10-02.html Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 5 October 2014 8 October 2014 https://archive.today/20141008063211/https://www.llnl.gov/news/newsreleases/2014/Oct/NR-14-10-02.html 8 October 2014 The world is warming faster than we thought https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26317-the-world-is-warming-faster-than-we-thought.html New Scientist 5 October 2014 5 October 2014 6 October – The Nobel Prize in Medicine was awarded to Edvard Moser, May-Britt Moser and John O'Keefe "for their discoveries of cells that constitute a positioning system in the brain" or, less formally, for finding an "inner GPS, in the brain".Altman Lawrence K. Nobel Prize in Medicine is Awarded for Discovery of Brain's 'Inner GPS' https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/07/science/nobel-prize-medicine.html 6 October 2014 The New York Times 6 October 2014 7 October The Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded to Isamu Akasaki, Hiroshi Amano and Shuji Nakamura for "the invention of efficient blue light-emitting diodes which has enabled bright and energy-saving white light sources" or, less formally, LED lights.Overbye Dennis Dennis Overbye Nobel Prize in Physics https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/08/science/isamu-akasaki-hiroshi-amano-and-shuji-nakamura-awarded-the-nobel-prize-in-physics.html 7 October 2014 The New York Times 7 October 2014 Due to landscape fragmentation, Brazil's rainforests are releasing one-fifth more carbon than previously thought.Due to landscape fragmentation, Brazil's rainforests are releasing more carbon dioxide than previously thought http://www.ufz.de/index.php?en=33232 Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ) 7 October 2014 8 October 2014 8 October The Nobel Prize in Chemistry was awarded to Eric Betzig, William Moerner and Stefan Hell for "the development of super-resolved fluorescence microscopy," which brings optical microscopy into the nanodimension.Ritter Karl Rising Malin 2 Americans, 1 German win chemistry Nobel http://apnews.excite.com/article/20141008/nobel-chemistry-e759dff699.html 8 October 2014 Associated Press 8 October 2014 2 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181002140905/http://apnews.excite.com/article/20141008/nobel-chemistry-e759dff699.html dead Chang Kenneth 2 Americans and a German Are Awarded Nobel Prize in Chemistry https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/09/science/nobel-prize-chemistry.html 8 October 2014 The New York Times 8 October 2014 Ocean acidification is causing nearly $1 trillion of damage to coral reefs each year, threatening the livelihoods of 400 million people, according to a report based on the work of 30 experts.UK scientists lead UN report urging action on ocean acidification http://www.hw.ac.uk/news-events/news/uk-scientists-lead-un-report-urging-action-18823.htm Heriot-Watt University 8 October 2014 8 October 2014 Ocean acidification causes US$1trn of damage a year – study http://www.rtcc.org/2014/10/08/ocean-acidification-causes-us1trn-of-damage-a-year-study/ Responding to Climate Change 8 October 2014 8 October 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141009032912/http://www.rtcc.org/2014/10/08/ocean-acidification-causes-us1trn-of-damage-a-year-study/ 9 October 2014 9 October Harvard researchers have turned human embryonic stem cells into cells that produce insulin, a potentially major advance for sufferers of diabetes.Scientists Coax Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Making Insulin https://www.npr.org/blogs/health/2014/10/09/354708628/scientists-coax-human-embryonic-stem-cells-into-making-insulin NPR 9 October 2014 9 October 2014 An international team of scientists has developed a slurry-based process using a porous powder suspended in glycol that offers a cost-effective and energy-efficient approach to carbon capture.A cost-effective and energy-efficient approach to carbon capture https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141009091939.htm Science Daily 9 October 2014 10 October 2014 A new method has been devised to produce 3D metal nanoparticles in highly precise shapes and dimensions, using DNA as a construction mould.DNA nano-foundries cast custom-shaped metal nanoparticles http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpressrelease/170/dna-nanofoundries-cast-customshaped-metal-nanoparticles Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering at Harvard University 9 October 2014 11 October 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141013005830/http://wyss.harvard.edu/viewpressrelease/170/dna-nanofoundries-cast-customshaped-metal-nanoparticles 13 October 2014 New measurements of the Milky Way reveal there is half as much dark matter as previously thought, solving the 15-year-old "missing satellite galaxy" problem.Dark matter half what we thought, say scientists http://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=146062&CultureCode=en International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR) via AlphaGalileo 9 October 2014 12 October 2014 21 March 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180321063134/https://www.alphagalileo.org/ViewItem.aspx?ItemId=146062&CultureCode=en Drinking three cups of coffee a day can reduce the risk of abnormal liver enzyme levels by 25 percent, based on a study of 14,000 subjects.Drinking Decaf Coffee May Be Good for the Liver http://eu.wiley.com/WileyCDA/PressRelease/pressReleaseId-112902.html Wiley 9 October 2014 22 October 2014 thumb|right|200px|Kuiper belt object - possible target of New Horizons spacecraft (artist's concept). 12 October The CDC confirms that a health care worker in Texas was found to be positive for the Ebola virus, the first known case of the disease to be contracted in the United States.Fernandez Manny Texas Health Worker Tests Positive for Ebola https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/13/us/texas-health-worker-tests-positive-for-ebola.html 12 October 2014 The New York Times 12 October 2014 Researchers, for the first time, find a way of reproducing Alzheimer's cells in a Petri dish.Kolata Gina Researchers Replicate Alzheimer's Brain Cells in a Petri Dish https://www.nytimes.com/2014/10/13/science/researchers-replicate-alzheimers-brain-cells-in-a-petri-dish.html 12 October 2014 The New York Times 12 October 2014 Choi, Se Hoon etal A three-dimensional human neural cell culture model of Alzheimer's disease Nature 515 7526 12 October 2014 274–278 2014Natur.515..274C 10.1038/nature13800 25307057 4366007 13 October A new battery has been developed capable of being recharged up to 70 per cent in only two minutes. The battery also has a longer lifespan of over 20 years.NTU develops ultra-fast charging batteries that last 20 years http://media.ntu.edu.sg/NewsReleases/Pages/newsdetail.aspx?news=809fbb2f-95f0-4995-b5c0-10ae4c50c934 Nanyang Technological University 13 October 2014 14 October 2014 18 October 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181018171311/http://media.ntu.edu.sg/NewsReleases/Pages/newsdetail.aspx?news=809fbb2f-95f0-4995-b5c0-10ae4c50c934 Samsung engineers have developed a way of transmitting Wi-Fi data five times faster than was previously possible.Samsung accelerates wi-fi speeds https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-29595220 BBC 13 October 2014 14 October 2014 14 October Plants absorb 16% more CO2 than previously thought, according to research published in the journal PNAS.Climate change: Models 'underplay plant CO2 absorption' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29601644 BBC 14 October 2014 14 October 2014 Globally, September 2014 was the hottest September on record,Planet Sees Warmest September Ever Recorded: NASA http://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/planet-sees-warmest-september-ever-recorded-nasa-n225836 NBC 14 October 2014 15 October 2014 according to NASA data.GLOBAL Land-Ocean Temperature Index in 0.01 degrees Celsius base period: 1951-1980 http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/tabledata_v3/GLB.Ts+dSST.txt NASA 14 October 2014 15 October 2014 This follows the hottest May, June and August, also this year. 15 October Lockheed Martin reports a significant breakthrough in generating nuclear fusion from a small-scale power plant.LOCKHEED: We Made A Huge Breakthrough in Nuclear Fusion http://www.businessinsider.com/andrea-shalal-lockheed-nuclear-fusion-breakthrough-2014-10 Business Insider 15 October 2014 15 October 2014 Lockheed Martin Pursuing Compact Nuclear Fusion Reactor Concept http://www.lockheedmartin.com/us/news/press-releases/2014/october/141015ae_lockheed-martin-pursuing-compact-nuclear-fusion.html Lockheed Martin 15 October 2014 15 October 2014 Skunk Works Reveals Compact Fusion Reactor Details http://aviationweek.com/technology/skunk-works-reveals-compact-fusion-reactor-details Aviation Week 15 October 2014 15 October 2014 NASA announces finding several Kuiper belt objects that may be targeted by the New Horizons spacecraft, presently expected to perform a flyby of the Pluto system on 14 July 2015.Brown Dwayne Villard Ray RELEASE 14-281 NASA's Hubble Telescope Finds Potential Kuiper Belt Targets for New Horizons Pluto Mission http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/october/nasa-s-hubble-telescope-finds-potential-kuiper-belt-targets-for-new-horizons 15 October 2014 NASA 16 October 2014 16 October – Astronomers have detected what appears to be a signature of 'axions', which are predicted to be dark matter particle candidates. If confirmed, this would be the first direct detection and identification of the elusive substance.Inexplicable signal from the unseen universe provides tantalising clue about one of astronomy's greatest secrets – Dark Matter http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2014/october/inexplicable-signal-from-the-unseen-universe-provides-tantalising-clue-about-one-of-astronomys-greatest-secrets-2013-dark-matter University of Leicester 16 October 2014 17 October 2014 24 September 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20170924190733/http://www2.le.ac.uk/offices/press/press-releases/2014/october/inexplicable-signal-from-the-unseen-universe-provides-tantalising-clue-about-one-of-astronomys-greatest-secrets-2013-dark-matter dead thumb|right|200px|Comet Siding Spring passed near Mars on 19 October 2014 (Hubble; 11 March 2014). 17 October – Scientists at Bristol University have used quantum mechanics/molecular mechanics simulations to improve the understanding of antibiotic resistance, which may enable the design of better drugs in the future.Scientific breakthrough will help design the antibiotics of the future http://www.bristol.ac.uk/news/2014/october/future-antibiotics.html University of Bristol 17 October 2014 18 October 2014 19 October – NASA reports that all Mars orbiters—including Mars Odyssey Orbiter,Webster Guy Brown Dwayne NASA's Mars Odyssey Orbiter Watches Comet Fly Near http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4346 19 October 2014 NASA 20 October 2014 Mars Reconnaissance OrbiterWebster Guy Brown Dwayne NASA's Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter Studies Comet Flyby http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4344 19 October 2014 NASA 20 October 2014 and MAVENJones Nancy Steigerwald Bill Webster Guy Brown Dwayne NASA's MAVEN Studies Passing Comet and Its Effects http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4345 19 October 2014 NASA 20 October 2014 —as well as, ESA's orbiter, Mars Express,Denis Michel Spacecraft in great shape – our mission continues http://blogs.esa.int/mex/category/comet-siding-spring/ 20 October 2014 European Space Agency 21 October 2014 and ISRO's satellite, the Mars Orbiter Mission,Staff I'm safe and sound, tweets MOM after comet sighting https://www.thehindu.com/sci-tech/science/im-safe-and-sound-tweets-mom-after-comet-sighting/article6520803.ece 21 October 2014 The Hindu 21 October 2014 are healthy after the Comet Siding Spring flyby of planet Mars.Webster Guy Brown Dwayne Jones Nancy Steigerwald Bill All Three NASA Mars Orbiters Healthy After Comet Flyby http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4347 19 October 2014 NASA 20 October 2014 20 October Physicists have built a reversible tractor beam that can move objects 0.2mm in diameter a distance of up to 20 centimetres. This is 100 times further than was possible in previous experiments.Physicists build reversible tractor beam http://news.anu.edu.au/2014/10/20/physicists-build-reversible-tractor-beam/ Australian National University 20 October 2014 20 October 2014 By boosting a protein called NT3, scientists have restored lost hearing in mice.Scientists restore hearing in noise-deafened mice, pointing way to new therapies https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141020212308.htm Science Daily 20 October 2014 22 October 2014 21 October – Darek Fidyka, a paralysed Polish man, becomes the first in the world to walk again following a pioneering therapy which involved transplanting cells from his nose into his severed spinal cord.Paralysed man walks again after cell transplant https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29645760 BBC 21 October 2014 21 October 2014 22 October A new method of solar cell production enables silicon to be used that is 1,000 times less pure and requires only one-third of the energy to manufacture compared to traditional methods. While the energy efficiency is currently too low (3.6%) for commercial use, this new process could be refined in the future, potentially slashing the cost of solar energy.Cheaper silicon means cheaper solar cells http://gemini.no/en/2014/10/cheaper-silicon-means-cheaper-solar-cells/ Gemini/NTNU 22 October 2014 26 October 2014 18 May 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160518011113/http://gemini.no/en/2014/10/cheaper-silicon-means-cheaper-solar-cells/ A new drug, OTS964, can eradicate aggressive human lung cancers transplanted into mice, with few side effects.Highly effective new anti-cancer drug shows few side effects in mice https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141022143559.htm Science Daily 22 October 2014 25 October 2014 The discovery of the seventeenth experimentally established form of ice, ice XVI, is accepted for publication in Nature. 10.1038/nature14014 25503235 Formation and properties of ice XVI obtained by emptying a type sII clathrate hydrate Nature 516 7530 231–3 2014 Falenty A. Hansen T. C. Kuhs W. F. 2014Natur.516..231F 4464711 23 October – A partial solar eclipse occurs across most of North America. 24 October Using stem cells from just 25 milliliters of blood, researchers have grown new blood vessels in just seven days, compared to a month for the same process using bone marrow. These blood vessels were implanted in patients to connect the gastrointestinal tract to the liver.Growing a Blood Vessel in a Week http://www.sahlgrenska.gu.se/english/news_and_events/news/News_Detail/?languageId=100001&contentId=1242371&disableRedirect=true&returnUrl=http://www.sahlgrenska.gu.se/aktuellt/nyheter/Nyheter+Detalj//skapar-ett-helt-nytt-blodkarl-pa https://web.archive.org/web/20141026132048/http://www.sahlgrenska.gu.se/english/news_and_events/news/News_Detail/?languageId=100001&contentId=1242371&disableRedirect=true&returnUrl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.sahlgrenska.gu.se%2Faktuellt%2Fnyheter%2FNyheter%2BDetalj%2F%2Fskapar-ett-helt-nytt-blodkarl-pa 26 October 2014 University of Gothenburg 24 October 2014 26 October 2014 Scientists from Harvard Medical School report a new method of using toxic stem cells to attack brain tumors, without killing normal cells or themselves. The procedure could be ready for human clinical trials within five years.Scientists engineer toxin-secreting stem cells to treat brain tumors http://hsci.harvard.edu/news/scientists-engineer-toxin-secreting-stem-cells-treat-brain-tumors Harvard 24 October 2014 26 October 2014 Cancer-killing stem cells engineered in lab https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29756238 BBC 25 October 2014 26 October 2014 NASA reports finding methane in polar clouds in the atmosphere of Titan, moon of the planet Saturn.Dyches Preston Zubritsky Elizabeth NASA Finds Methane Ice Cloud in Titan's Stratosphere http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?feature=4354 24 October 2014 NASA 31 October 2014 Zubritsky Elizabeth Dyches Preston NASA Identifies Ice Cloud Above Cruising Altitude on Titan http://www.nasa.gov/content/goddard/nasa-identifies-ice-cloud-above-cruising-altitude-on-titan 24 October 2014 NASA 31 October 2014 26 October – Iranian researchers devised an inexpensive, flexible microchip which is able to notice HIV and measure viral load in polluted individuals at the point-of-care. Hadi Shafiee, PhD, Division of Renal Medicine, BWH Department of Medicine has developed a low-cost, flexible microchip which can detect HIV and measure viral load in infected individuals at the point-of-care. en.mehrnews.com/detail/News __ Date: 10/26/2014 27 October The UK government has unveiled plans for a £97m ($156m) supercomputer to study weather and climate. Using 13 times more processing power than previous systems, it will perform 16,000 trillion calculations per second.£97m supercomputer makes UK world-leader in weather and climate science http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/news/releases/archive/2014/new-hpc Met Office 28 October 2014 28 October 2014 Met Office to build £97m supercomputer https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29789208 BBC 28 October 2014 28 October 2014 Researchers at the Eindhoven University of Technology have achieved 255 Terabits/s over a new type of fibre allowing 21 times more bandwidth than currently available in communication networks.TU/e-researchers demonstrate record data transmission over a specially fabricated fibre http://www.tue.nl/en/university/news-and-press/news/27-10-2014-tue-researchers-demonstrate-record-data-transmission-over-a-specially-fabricated-fibre/ Eindhoven University of Technology 27 October 2014 27 October 2014 25 August 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180825071133/https://www.tue.nl/en/university/news-and-press/news/27-10-2014-tue-researchers-demonstrate-record-data-transmission-over-a-specially-fabricated-fibre/ An international group of scientists has announced the most significant breakthrough in a decade toward developing DNA-based electrical circuits.Breakthrough in molecular electronics paves the way for DNA-based computer circuits in the future http://phys.org/news/2014-10-breakthrough-molecular-electronics-paves-dna-based.html PhysOrg 27 October 2014 29 October 2014 28 October A new multi-scenario modelling of world human population concludes that even draconian fertility restrictions or a catastrophic mass mortality won't be enough to solve issues of global sustainability by 2100.Reducing population is no environmental 'quick fix' http://www.adelaide.edu.au/news/news74204.html The University of Adelaide 28 October 2014 28 October 2014 The latest Antares rocket, built by Orbital Sciences Corporation and intended to supply the International Space Station, explodes just after its 18:22 EDT (22:22 GMT) launch, completely destroying the vehicle and badly damaging launch pad 0 at the Mid-Atlantic Regional Spaceport.Orbital's Statement Regarding Orb-3 Launch Mishap http://www.orbital.com/NewsInfo/release.asp?prid=1918 Orbital Sciences Corporation 28 October 2014 29 October 2014 Orbital Sciences' Antares Rocket Explosion in Pictures http://www.space.com/27551-orbital-sciences-rocket-explosion-photos.html Space.com 28 October 2014 29 October 2014 Unmanned US rocket Antares explodes during launch https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-29812139 BBC 29 October 2014 29 October 2014 Unmanned NASA-contracted rocket explodes over eastern Virginia https://edition.cnn.com/2014/10/28/us/nasa-rocket-explodes/index.html CNN 29 October 2014 29 October 2014 29 October Miniature human stomachs have been grown from stem cells, potentially offering a way to study ulcers and repair stomach damage in patients.Scientists grow miniature human stomachs from stem cells https://www.theguardian.com/science/2014/oct/29/scientists-grow-miniature-stomachs-stem-cells The Guardian 29 October 2014 30 October 2014 Hewlett-Packard (HP) has unveiled a 3D printer that it claims will be 10 times faster than current models.HP Unveils Future of 3D Printing and Immersive Computing as Part of Blended Reality Vision http://www8.hp.com/us/en/hp-news/press-release.html?wireId=1890831&pageTitle=HP+Unveils+Future+of+3D+Printing+and+Immersive+Computing+as+Part+of+Blended+Reality+Vision+#.VFNqYMmVNlw HP 29 October 2014 31 October 2014 HP looks to 3D printing market to boost performance https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/technology-29817650 BBC 29 October 2014 31 October 2014 A method for improving thrust generated by supersonic laser-propelled rockets has been described in The Optical Society's (OSA) journal Applied Optics.Supersonic laser-propelled rockets http://phys.org/news/2014-10-supersonic-laser-propelled-rockets.html PhysOrg 29 October 2014 1 November 2014 thumb|200px|The CMB Cold Spot in a WMAP map of the cosmic microwave background The Planck Collaboration publishes the peer-reviewed Planck 2013 results series in Astronomy & Astrophysics. The series includes a study confirming several large-scale anomalies previously observed by the WMAP, including the CMB cold spot, while finding no compelling evidence that they require physics beyond the standard cosmological model.1303.5083 10.1051/0004-6361/201321534 free Ade P. A. R. etal Planck Collaboration Planck 2013 results. XXIII. Isotropy and statistics of the CMB Astronomy & Astrophysics 571 A23 2014 2014A&A...571A..23P 13037411 Planck 2013 results. I. Overview of products and scientific results Astronomy & Astrophysics 571 A1 2014 10.1051/0004-6361/201321529 free 11392/2334671 free 1303.5062 30 October – Researchers have demonstrated for the first time the in vitro growth of a piece of spinal cord in three dimensions from mouse embryonic stem cells.Reconstruction of patterned piece of spinal cord in 3-D culture https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/10/141030101222.htm Science Daily 30 October 2014 27 November 2014 31 October The fastest ever integrated circuit is announced by DARPA, achieving one terahertz (1012 Hz), or a trillion cycles per second. This is 150 billion cycles faster than the existing world record of 850 gigahertz set in 2012.DARPA circuit achieves speeds of 1 trillion cycles per second, earns Guinness world record http://phys.org/news/2014-10-darpa-circuit-trillion-guinness-world.html Phys.org 31 October 2014 1 November 2014 Arachnophobia is cured by removing part of a man's brain.Arachnophobia chopped out of a man's brain https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26483-arachnophobia-chopped-out-of-a-mans-brain.html New Scientist 31 October 2014 1 November 2014 During a test flight, Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo experiences an in-flight anomaly followed by an explosion and crash in the Mojave desert, killing one pilot and injuring another.Chang Kenneth Schwartz John Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes in New Setback for Commercial Spaceflight https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/01/science/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-crashes-during-test-flight.html 31 October 2014 The New York Times 1 November 2014 Foust Jeff SpaceShipTwo Destroyed in Fatal Test Flight Accident http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/42391spaceshiptwo-destroyed-in-fatal-test-flight-accident https://archive.today/20141031195325/http://www.spacenews.com/article/launch-report/42391spaceshiptwo-destroyed-in-fatal-test-flight-accident 31 October 2014 31 October 2014 Space News 31 October 2014Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes During Flight Test NBC News 31 October 2014 http://www.nbcnews.com/storyline/virgin-voyage/virgin-galactics-spaceshiptwo-crashes-during-flight-test-n238376 http://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Virgin-Galactics-SpaceShipTwo-Crashes223025-1.html Virgin Galactic's SpaceShipTwo Crashes 31 October 2014 Durden Rick 31 October 2014 AVweb 14 April 2020 https://web.archive.org/web/20200414031911/https://www.avweb.com/avwebflash/news/Virgin-Galactics-SpaceShipTwo-Crashes223025-1.html November thumb|200px|5 November 2014: ALMA image of HL Tauri.https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29932609 Planet formation captured in photo BBC 2014-11-06 Johnathan Webbhttps://public.nrao.edu/static/pr/planet-formation-alma.html Birth of Planets Revealed in Astonishing Detail in ALMA's 'Best Image Ever' NRAO 2014-11-06 https://web.archive.org/web/20141106220622/https://public.nrao.edu/static/pr/planet-formation-alma.html 6 November 2014 2 November The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) releases the final part of its Fifth Assessment Report, known as the Synthesis Report. This further discusses the possible future impacts of climate change and it is hoped will pave the way for a global, legally binding treaty in late 2015.Fossil fuels should be 'phased out by 2100' says IPCC https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29855884 BBC 2 November 2014 2 November 2014 Scientists have engineered artificial nanoparticles made from lipids that can treat bacterial infections without antibiotics while simultaneously preventing antibiotic resistance.Possible alternative to antibiotics: Nanoparticles made of lipids https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141102160004.htm Science Daily 2 November 2014 9 November 2014 5 November The ALMA telescope reveals a protoplanetary disk in never-before-seen detail. A series of concentric rings are visible in the image, showing the likely orbits of young planets in the process of being formed.Revolutionary ALMA Image Reveals Planetary Genesis http://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-room/press-releases/771-revolutionary-alma-image-reveals-planetary-genesis ALMA 5 November 2014 8 November 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141108130523/http://www.almaobservatory.org/en/press-room/press-releases/771-revolutionary-alma-image-reveals-planetary-genesis 8 November 2014 A way to stop Ras proteins moving from the centre of a cell to the membrane, a fault common to one-third of cancers, is reported at the National Cancer Research Institute (NCRI) Cancer Conference in Liverpool.Scientists uncover potential drug to tackle 'undruggable' fault in third of cancers http://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-us/cancer-news/press-release/2014-11-05-scientists-uncover-potential-drug-to-tackle-undruggable-fault-in-third-of-cancers Cancer Research UK 5 November 2014 6 November 2014 A study by the U.S. Geological Survey predicts the likely habitat ranges of birds in the year 2075 based on climate, land use and land cover changes.Who Will Come to Your Bird Feeder in 2075? https://www.usgs.gov/newsroom/article.asp?ID=4049&from=rss_home USGS 5 November 2014 7 November 2014 Basic wound healing has been advanced with a synthetic platelet that accumulates at sites of injury, clots and stops bleeding three times faster. The synthetic platelets have realistic size, disc-shape, flexibility, and the same surface proteins as real platelets.Shape of things to come in platelet mimicry http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-11/cwru-sot110514.php Eurekalert 5 November 2014 9 November 2014 5 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181105130631/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-11/cwru-sot110514.php dead Synthetic Platelet Super-Mimics Halt Bleeding Three Times Faster http://www.neomatica.com/2014/11/06/synthetic-platelet-super-mimics-halt-bleeding-three-times-faster/ Neomatica 6 November 2014 9 November 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141109215942/http://www.neomatica.com/2014/11/06/synthetic-platelet-super-mimics-halt-bleeding-three-times-faster/ 9 November 2014 6 November – Half of all stars may be found in the space between galaxies, according to a new study.Background light suggests many stars 'outside galaxies' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-29917082 BBC 6 November 2014 7 November 2014 7 November A study finds there is at least a 92% chance the ecosystem of the Leadbeater's possum in southern Australia will collapse within 50 years.Leadbeater's possum habitat 'almost certain to collapse' due to logging, fires https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2014/nov/07/leadbeaters-possum-habitat-almost-certain-to-collapse-due-to-logging-fires The Guardian 7 November 2014 7 November 2014 Researchers in Sweden report a "huge breakthrough" in Parkinson's disease using stem cells to restore neurons in rats. Clinical trials for humans are expected by 2017.Parkinson's stem cell 'breakthrough' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-29935449 BBC 7 November 2014 7 November 2014 NASA reports that during the Comet Siding Spring flyby of planet Mars on 19 October 2014, orbiters around Mars detected thousands of kilograms per hour of comet dust composed of magnesium, iron, sodium, potassium, manganese, nickel, chromium and zinc. In addition, the comet nucleus was determined to be smaller than the expected 1.2 mi km on flip, and rotated once every eight hours.Chang Kenneth Opportunity, Curiosity, but No View of Mars Sky Show https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/08/science/space/bright-specks-of-comet-dust-light-up-martian-sky.html 7 November 2014 The New York Times 7 November 2014 10 November – President Obama recommends the FCC reclassify broadband Internet service as a telecommunications service in order to preserve net neutrality.Wyatt Edward Obama Asks F.C.C. to Adopt Tough Net Neutrality Rules https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/11/technology/obama-net-neutrality-fcc.html 10 November 2014 The New York Times 15 November 2014 NYT Editorial Board Why the F.C.C. Should Heed President Obama on Internet Regulation https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/15/opinion/why-the-fcc-should-heed-president-obama-on-internet-regulations.html 14 November 2014 The New York Times 15 November 2014 11 November Australian researchers have uncovered how the massive DNA molecules that appear in some tumours are formed like Frankenstein's monster, stitched together from other parts of the genome. This solves a decades-old mystery and explains how these tumours ensure their own survival.Scientists solve mystery of 'Frankenstein' DNA http://www.garvan.org.au/news-events/news/scientists-solve-mystery-of-2018frankenstein2019-dna Garvan Institute 11 November 2014 11 November 2014 Iranian nanotechnologists researched the chance of nanotechnology uses in targeted drug delivery systems to therapy of cancer. This examine studied the creation of a nanodrug and its effects on the remedy of breast cancer. The goal of the scientist was to present curcumin nano-drug with a sluggish and effectual release model to heal breast cancer. Curcumin is a drug with anti-cancer and anti-inflammation properties. The drug is typically used orally or peripherally.Iranian Scientists Use Nanodrugs to Treat Cancer nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Use Nanodrugs to Treat Cancer Tehran, Iran | Posted on 11 November 2014 thumb|200px|12 November 2014: The Philae probe from the Rosetta spacecraft lands successfully on the surface of Comet 67P. 12 November The Philae probe from the Rosetta spacecraft lands successfully on the surface (at a site named Agilkia) of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.Agle DC Webster Guy Brown Dwayne Bauer Markus Rosetta's 'Philae' Makes Historic First Landing on a Comet http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-394 12 November 2014 NASA 13 November 2014 Chang Kenneth European Space Agency's Spacecraft Lands on Comet's Surface https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/13/science/space/european-space-agencys-spacecraft-lands-on-comets-surface.html 12 November 2014 The New York Times 12 November 2014 Editorial Board In Pursuit of an Oddly Shaped Comet https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/24/opinion/in-pursuit-of-an-oddly-shaped-comet.html 23 November 2014 The New York Times 23 November 2014 The genomes of the world's 17 oldest people have been published. Researchers were unable to find genes significantly associated with extreme longevity.The whole-genome sequences of the world's oldest living people published http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-11/p-tws110614.php Eurekalert/PLOS 12 November 2014 13 November 2014 6 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181106150327/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-11/p-tws110614.php 13 November – Global warming will cause lightning strikes to increase 50 percent by 2100, according to a study by the University of California - Berkeley.Lightning expected to increase by 50 percent with global warming http://newscenter.berkeley.edu/2014/11/13/lightning-expected-to-increase-by-50-percent-with-global-warming/ UC Berkeley 13 November 2014 17 November 2014 14 November – The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) reports that October 2014 was by far the hottest October on record. This follows the hottest March–May, June, August and September, also this year.Monthly Anomalies of Global Average Surface Temperature in October (1891 - 2014, preliminary value) http://ds.data.jma.go.jp/tcc/tcc/products/gwp/temp/oct_wld.html JMA 14 November 2014 14 November 2014 The Planet Just Had Its Hottest October on Record http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/11/14/3592424/hottest-october-on-record/ Think Progress 14 November 2014 14 November 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20160708193219/http://thinkprogress.org/climate/2014/11/14/3592424/hottest-october-on-record/ 8 July 2016 17 November A new AI software program developed by researchers at Google and Stanford University can recognise objects in photos and videos at near-human levels of understanding.Researchers Announce Advance in Image-Recognition Software https://www.nytimes.com/2014/11/18/science/researchers-announce-breakthrough-in-content-recognition-software.html?_r=2 The New York Times 17 November 2014 18 November 2014 Stanford team creates computer vision algorithm that can describe photos http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-computer-vision-algorithm-111814.html Stanford University 18 November 2014 18 November 2014 12 June 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100718/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-computer-vision-algorithm-111814.html The strongest evidence yet that being gay is genetic has been uncovered in a detailed genetic analysis. Largest study of gay brothers homes in on 'gay genes' https://www.newscientist.com/article/dn26572-study-of-hundreds-of-male-twins-zeroes-in-on-gay-genes.html New Scientist 17 November 2014 21 November 2014 The Black seadevil Anglerfish is filmed in its natural habitat for the first time, using a remotely operated vehicle at a depth of 580 m (1,900 ft).Amazing "black sea devil" anglerfish observed in Monterey Bay http://www.mbari.org/news/behind-the-scenes/behind-the-scenes.html MBARI 17 November 2014 25 November 2014 24 March 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160324135059/http://www3.mbari.org/news/behind-the-scenes/behind-the-scenes.html The anglerfish: The original approach to deep-sea fishing https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VqPMP9X-89o YouTube 21 November 2014 25 November 2014 18 November – The Philae lander is reported to have detected organic molecules on the surface of Comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko.Comet landing: Organic molecules detected by Philae https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30097648 BBC 18 November 2014 18 November 2014 24 November The first detailed, high-resolution 3-D maps of Antarctic sea ice are developed using an underwater robot.Underwater robot sheds new light on Antarctic sea ice http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/press_releases/press_release.php?id=2839 British Antarctic Survey 24 November 2014 25 November 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141210174850/http://www.antarctica.ac.uk/press/press_releases/press_release.php?id=2839 10 December 2014 Having recently been on the verge of extinction, Snake River sockeye salmon populations have recovered. Their numbers are now high enough for the species to eventually sustain itself in the wild again, it is reported.Northwest ScienceEndangered species success: Idaho salmon regaining fitness advantage https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141125140834.htm Science Daily 25 November 2014 27 November 2014 26 November Graphene has been found to allow positively charged hydrogen atoms or protons to pass through it, despite being impermeable to all other gases, including hydrogen itself. This could lead to major improvements in clean energy technology.Protons fuel graphene prospects http://www.manchester.ac.uk/discover/news/article/?id=13372 The University of Manchester 26 November 2014 27 November 2014 Proton transport through one-atom-thick crystals Nature 26 November 2014 10.1038/nature14015 25470058 516 7530 227–230 Hu S. Lozada-Hidalgo M. Wang F. C. Mishchenko A. Schedin F. Nair R. R. Hill E. W. Boukhvalov D. W. Katsnelson M. I. Dryfe R. A. W. Grigorieva I. V. Wu H. A. Geim A. K. 1410.8724 2014Natur.516..227H 4455321Scientists predict green energy revolution after incredible new graphene discoveries https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/scientists-predict-green-energy-revolution-after-incredible-new-graphene-discoveries-9885425.html https://ghostarchive.org/archive/20220501/https://www.independent.co.uk/news/science/scientists-predict-green-energy-revolution-after-incredible-new-graphene-discoveries-9885425.html 1 May 2022 subscription The Independent 26 November 2014 27 November 2014 An experimental vaccine to prevent Ebola has shown promising results in a Phase 1 clinical trial.Experimental Ebola vaccine appears safe, prompts immune response https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126171428.htm Science Daily 26 November 2014 27 November 2014 Ebola vaccine 'promising' say scientists after human trial https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30217573 BBC 26 November 2014 27 November 2014 Researchers at Queen Mary, University of London, report a major breakthrough in treating advanced bladder cancer.Treatment breakthrough for advanced bladder cancer https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126133827.htm Science Daily 26 November 2014 27 November 2014 Bladder cancer: 'Exciting' drug breakthrough https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30206539 BBC 27 November 2014 27 November 2014 A new study finds that DNA can survive a flight through space and re-entry into Earth's atmosphere and still pass on genetic information. These results indicate that life and organic molecules could potentially spread between planetary bodies through meteor impacts.DNA survives critical entry into Earth's atmosphere https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/11/141126144150.htm Science Daily 26 November 2014 27 November 2014 29 November–Iranian scientists manage to produce a cancer cells annihilator tool that is able to remove cancer cells in an invasive process.Iranian researchers invent alternative for chemotherapy mehrnews.com, Date: 11/29/2014 12:52:05 PM December 1 December HIV is evolving into a less deadly and less infectious form as it spends more time infecting people, according to a major scientific study.HIV evolving 'into milder form' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30254697 BBC 1 December 2014 1 December 2014 The first fossil of a carnivorous plant – an early ancestor of Roridula dating back 35 to 47 million years ago – has been reported.Found: An Insect-Eating Plant Sealed in Amber http://www.popsci.com/here-science-first-fossil-carnivorous-plant-trap PopSci 1 December 2014 1 December 2014 Astronomers, at the Planck 2014 meeting in Ferrara, Italy, report that the universe is 13.8 billion years old and is composed of 4.9 percent atomic matter, 26.6 percent dark matter and 68.5 percent dark energy.Overbye Dennis Dennis Overbye New Images Refine View of Infant Universe https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/02/world/new-images-refine-view-of-infant-universe.html 1 December 2014 The New York Times 2 December 2014 For the first time, 3D printing has been used to create functioning electronic circuitry made of semiconductors and other materials.3-D-Printing Bio-Electronic Parts http://www.technologyreview.com/news/532816/3-d-printing-bio-electronic-parts/ Technology Review 1 December 2014 1 December 2014 The world's first artificial enzymes have been created using synthetic biology.World's first artificial enzymes created using synthetic biology http://phys.org/news/2014-12-world-artificial-enzymes-synthetic-biology.html PhysOrg 1 December 2014 1 December 2014 2 December DNA analysis confirms that a skeleton unearthed from a UK parking lot is the former king, Richard III, who died in 1485. This is the oldest DNA identification case of a known individual.Scientists Confirm These Really Are the Bones of Richard III http://www.popularmechanics.com/science/health/genetics/scientists-confirm-remains-king-richard-iii-17487010 Popular Mechanics 2 December 2014 2 December 2014 Richard III's DNA throws up infidelity surprise https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30281333 BBC 2 December 2014 2 December 2014 New research, using ultrasound, has developed a 3D haptic shape that can be seen and felt in mid-air.See it, touch it, feel it http://www.bris.ac.uk/news/2014/december/haptic-shapes-using-ultrasound.html University of Bristol 2 December 2014 2 December 2014 A new solar cell efficiency record of 46% has been achieved by a French-German collaboration.French-German collaborators claim solar cell efficiency world record http://www.electronics-eetimes.com/en/french-german-collaborators-claim-solar-cell-efficiency-world-record.html?cmp_id=7&news_id=222923159 EE Times Europe 2 December 2014 3 December 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20150109011958/http://www.electronics-eetimes.com/en/french-german-collaborators-claim-solar-cell-efficiency-world-record.html?cmp_id=7&news_id=222923159 9 January 2015 3 December A decade-long study of 5,000 women has provided further evidence linking a Mediterranean diet to increased longevity.Mediterranean diet keeps people 'genetically young' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/health-30296425 BBC 3 December 2014 3 December 2014 Mediterranean diet linked to longer life https://docs.google.com/document/d/1r0DcX01EjgRM1VzN2wOIOg9RDYY44Ef_bHgySNJgBbY/pub British Medical Journal 3 December 2014 3 December 2014 The world's fastest receive-only 2-D camera has been demonstrated, capturing up to 100 billion frames per second. It is hoped this new system will improve the understanding of very fast biological interactions and chemical processes.World's fastest 2-D camera, 100 billion frames per second, may enable new scientific discoveries https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141203142418.htm Science Daily 3 December 2014 3 December 2014 Japan launches its Hayabusa2 asteroid sample return mission.Japan Launches Asteroid-chasing Probe to Bring Space Rock Samples to Earth http://www.space.com/27886-japan-launches-asteroid-spacecraft-hayabusa2.html Space.com 2 December 2014 3 December 2014 Using new data from Kepler, an astrobiologist has attempted to update the Drake equation. It is estimated that a biotic planet may be expected within 10-100 light years from Earth, while the nearest intelligent life is probably a few thousand light years away.On the abundance of extraterrestrial life after the Kepler mission 1412 3 1302 International Journal of Astrobiology 3 December 2014 1412.1302 2015IJAsB..14..511W Wandel Amri 10.1017/S1473550414000767 119248259 Aliens Are Probably Everywhere, Just Not Anywhere Near Humans https://www.vice.com/en/article/alien-life-is-abundant/ Motherboard 4 December 2014 5 December 2014 4 December – Zig-zag patterns on a shell in Indonesia are believed to be 430,000 years old, making them the earliest known engravings by a human ancestor.Indonesian shell has 'earliest human engraving' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-australia-30324599 BBC 4 December 2014 4 December 2014 5 December NASA successfully conducts the first uncrewed test flight of its Orion crewed spacecraft.Fountain Henry NASA's Orion Spacecraft Splashes Down in Pacific After Test Flight https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/06/science/nasa-orion-spacecraft-lifts-off-into-orbit.html 5 December 2014 The New York Times 5 December 2014 Universities and archives announce the release of Albert Einstein papers, comprising more than 30,000 unique documents, available online at Digital Einstein.Princeton University Press, The Digital Einstein Papers, an open-access site for The Collected Papers of Albert EinsteinOverbye Dennis Dennis Overbye Thousands of Einstein Documents Are Now a Click Away https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/05/science/huge-trove-of-albert-einstein-documents-becomes-available-online.html 4 December 2014 The New York Times 5 December 2014 8 December – Scientists have made progress towards developing an "obesity pill", by using stem cells to turn white, or "bad," fat cells into brown, or "good," fat cells. Two compounds have already been shown to achieve this in human cells.A pill for obesity? http://hsci.harvard.edu/news/pill-obesity Harvard 8 December 2014 10 December 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20141210160835/http://hsci.harvard.edu/news/pill-obesity 10 December 2014 10 December Scientists report that the composition of water vapor from comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko, as determined by the Rosetta spacecraft, is substantially different from that found on Earth. That is, the ratio of deuterium to hydrogen in the water from the comet was determined to be three times that found for terrestrial water. This makes it very unlikely that water found on Earth came from comets such as comet 67P/Churyumov-Gerasimenko according to the scientists.Agle DC Bauer Markus Rosetta Instrument Reignites Debate on Earth's Oceans http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-423 10 December 2014 NASA 10 December 2014 Chang Kenneth Comet Data Clears Up Debate on Earth's Water https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/11/science/rosetta-mission-data-rules-out-comets-as-a-source-for-earths-water.html 10 December 2014 The New York Times 10 December 2014 Rosetta results: Comets 'did not bring water to Earth' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30414519 BBC 10 December 2014 10 December 2014 The U.S. Navy introduces a new laser weapon designed to protect ships without using ammunition.U.S. Navy Unveils New Laser Weapon https://www.wsj.com/video/us-navy-unveils-new-laser-weapon/1F2A2EDE-75E2-40C1-9AB8-B2BD5F77339E.html WSJ 10 December 2014 11 December 2014 A new "high-entropy" metal alloy has been developed with a higher strength-to-weight ratio than any other existing metal material.New 'high-entropy' alloy is as light as aluminum, as strong as titanium alloys http://phys.org/news/2014-12-high-entropy-alloy-aluminum-strong-titanium.html PhysOrg 10 December 2014 11 December 2014 thumb|200px|right|Methane measurements in the atmosphere of Mars by the Curiosity rover. 11 December – A weak, atypical photon emission in X-rays coming from space may be physical evidence of a dark matter particle, it is reported.Researchers detect possible signal from dark matter https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141211115520.htm Science Daily 11 December 2014 13 December 2014 Have scientists found first sign of Dark Matter? https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/science/science-news/11288601/Have-scientists-found-first-sign-of-Dark-Matter.html The Telegraph 11 December 2014 13 December 2014 Knapton Sarah 12 December – Iranian scientists of Tehran University created a drug nanosystem at laboratorial scale to acquire safe-to-eat insulin.Iranian Scientists Take Step towards Production of Edible Insulin .nanotech-now.com _ Iranian Scientists Take Step towards Production of Edible Insulin Tehran, Iran | Posted on 12 December 2014 15 December Satellite data reveals that the most dense stores of carbon in the Amazon basin are not above ground in trees but below ground in peatlands.Amazon peatlands are 'most carbon-dense ecosystem' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30448519 BBC 15 December 2014 16 December 2014 One of the six remaining northern white rhinoceros has died of old age at the San Diego Zoo in California, leaving only five in the entire world.One of six remaining northern white rhinos dies in US https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-us-canada-30484529 BBC 15 December 2014 16 December 2014 People who feel younger than their real age are more likely to live longer, according to research by University College London. Positive outlooks on life and aging, a sense of empowerment and will to live may explain the difference in life expectancy.Feeling Younger Than Actual Age Meant Lower Death Rate for Older People http://media.jamanetwork.com/news-item/feeling-younger-than-actual-age-meant-lower-death-rate-for-older-people/ The JAMA Network Journals 15 December 2014 28 December 2014 Feeling Old vs Being Old JAMA Internal Medicine 15 December 2014 10.1001/jamainternmed.2014.6580 25506678 Rippon Isla Steptoe Andrew 175 2 307–9 free Iranian researchers Convert Curcumin Existing in Turmeric into safe-to-eat Nanodrug.http://www.nanotech-now.com/news.cgi?story_id=50592 nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Convert Curcumin Existing in Turmeric into Edible Nanodrug Tehran, Iran | Posted on 15 December 2014 16 December NASA reports detecting an unusual increase, then decrease, in the amounts of methane in the atmosphere of the planet Mars; in addition, organic chemicals are detected in powder drilled from a rock by the Curiosity rover. Also, based on deuterium to hydrogen ratio studies, much of the water at Gale Crater on Mars was found to have been lost during ancient times, before the lakebed in the crater was formed; afterwards, large amounts of water continued to be lost.Webster Guy Neal-Jones Nancy Brown Dwayne NASA Rover Finds Active and Ancient Organic Chemistry on Mars http://www.jpl.nasa.gov/news/news.php?release=2014-432 16 December 2014 NASA 16 December 2014 Chang Kenneth 'A Great Moment': Rover Finds Clue That Mars May Harbor Life https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/17/science/a-new-clue-in-the-search-for-life-on-mars.html 16 December 2014 The New York Times 16 December 2014 Mars Atmosphere - The imprint of atmospheric evolution in the D/H of Hesperian clay minerals on Mars 16 December 2014 Science 10.1126/science.1260291 1 Mahaffy P. R. Webster C. R. Stern J. C. Brunner A. E. Atreya S. K. Conrad P. G. Domagal-Goldman S. Eigenbrode J. L. Flesch G. J. Christensen L. E. Franz H. B. Freissinet C. Glavin D. P. Grotzinger J. P. Jones J. H. Leshin L. A. Malespin C. McAdam A. C. Ming D. W. Navarro-Gonzalez R. Niles P. B. Owen T. Pavlov A. A. Steele A. Trainer M. G. Williford K. H. Wray J. J. Abbey W. Achilles C. Agard C. 347 6220 412–414 2015Sci...347..412M 25515119 37075396 https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20141210-083740627 Stanford University announces "The One Hundred Year Study on Artificial Intelligence" (AI100).Stanford to host 100-year study on artificial intelligence http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ai-century-study-121614.html Stanford University 16 December 2014 19 December 2014 12 June 2016 https://web.archive.org/web/20160612100557/http://news.stanford.edu/pr/2014/pr-ai-century-study-121614.html Study to Examine Effects of Artificial Intelligence https://www.nytimes.com/2014/12/16/science/century-long-study-will-examine-effects-of-artificial-intelligence.html The New York Times 15 December 2014 19 December 2014 One-Hundred Year Study of Artificial Intelligence: Reflections and Framing https://stanford.app.box.com/s/266hrhww2l3gjoy9euar Eric Horvitz 2014 19 December 2014 By blocking the activity of an enzyme known as Granzyme b, researchers have slowed aging in the skin of mice.UBC scientist finds genetic wrinkle to block sun-induced skin aging http://news.ubc.ca/2014/12/16/ubc-scientist-finds-genetic-wrinkle-to-block-sun-induced-skin-aging/ The University of British Columbia 16 December 2014 19 December 2014 17 December – A Colorado man becomes the first bilateral shoulder-level amputee to wear and simultaneously control two modular prosthetic limbs using his thoughts alone.Amputee makes history controlling two modular prosthetic limbs https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141217113520.htm Science Daily 17 December 2014 19 December 2014 18 December NASA announces the Kepler spacecraft, newly configured as the K2 mission, to produce better stability due to failures with reaction wheels, detected its first confirmed exoplanet, HIP 116454 b, a Super-Earth.Chou Felicia Johnson Michele Release 14-335 - NASA's Kepler Reborn, Makes First Exoplanet Find of New Mission http://www.nasa.gov/press/2014/december/nasa-s-kepler-reborn-makes-first-exoplanet-find-of-new-mission/ 18 December 2014 NASA 19 December 2014 NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2), launched on 2 July, returns its first global maps of the greenhouse gas CO2.Carbon dioxide satellite mission returns first global maps https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30399073 BBC 18 December 2014 19 December 2014 Regular doses of ibuprofen can extend the lifespan of yeast, worms and flies by 15 percent, it is reported.Ibuprofen use leads to extended lifespan in several species, study shows https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2014/12/141218141004.htm Science Daily 18 December 2014 19 December 2014 Iranian scientists go up the important properties of super capacitors, including power, energy and life-span by applying nanotechnology. Outcomes of the study have applications in medical, data and power industries.Iranian Scientists Use Nanotechnology to Increase Power, Energy of Supercapacitors nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Use Nanotechnology to Increase Power, Energy of Supercapacitors Tehran, Iran | Posted on 18 December 2014 19 December – A new species of fish is discovered in the Mariana Trench at a depth of 8145 m ft on; beating the previous record for the world's deepest fish by nearly 500 m ft on.New record for deepest fish https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30541065 BBC 19 December 2014 19 December 2014 23 December – A new treatment for arthritis involving the use of implanted bio-electronics is announced. More than half of patients using the device saw a dramatic reduction in symptoms. It is believed the treatment could be widely used within 10 years.'Nerve Hack' Offers Arthritis Sufferers Hope http://news.sky.com/story/1396464/nerve-hack-offers-arthritis-sufferers-hope Sky News 23 December 2014 23 December 2014 24 December Scientists have discovered rods and cones preserved for 300 million years in a fossilised fish eye – the first time that fossilised photoreceptors from a vertebrate eye have ever been seen.In fossilized fish eye, rods and cones preserved for 300 million years http://www.latimes.com/science/sciencenow/la-sci-sn-fossilized-fish-rods-cones-20141223-story.html LA Times 23 December 2014 24 December 2014 Mineralized rods and cones suggest colour vision in a 300 Myr-old fossil fish 5 5920 Nature 23 December 2014 10.1038/ncomms6920 Tanaka Gengo Parker Andrew R. Hasegawa Yoshikazu Siveter David J. Yamamoto Ryoichi Miyashita Kiyoshi Takahashi Yuichi Ito Shosuke Wakamatsu Kazumasa Mukuda Takao Matsuura Marie Tomikawa Ko Furutani Masumi Suzuki Kayo Maeda Haruyoshi 2014NatCo...5.5920T 25536302 free 2324/2928820 free The results of a study into police body cameras show that the technology can significantly reduce both excessive use-of-force by officers and complaints against officers by the public.First scientific report shows police body-cameras can prevent unacceptable use-of-force http://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-12/uoc-fsr122414.php University of Cambridge 24 December 2014 29 December 2014 3 February 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190203072310/https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2014-12/uoc-fsr122414.php dead 26 December – Moscow State University has announced the creation of a DNA bank to store genetic samples from every living thing on Earth. The facility, funded by the country's largest ever scientific grant, will be opened in 2018.December 2020 29 December – Iranian researchers produce silver nanoparticles from eucalyptus extract. The goal of the study was to make silver nanoparticles from herbal tissue of a special sort of eucalyptus, and to research operation circumstances on the volume of particles.Iranian Scientists Produce Silver Nanoparticles from Eucalyptus Extract nanotech-now.com __ Iranian Scientists Produce Silver Nanoparticles from Eucalyptus Extract Tehran, Iran | Posted on 29 December 2014 31 December – For the first time, a frog species – Limnonectes larvaepartus – is discovered giving live birth to tadpoles, as opposed to frogspawn or froglets.New fanged frog 'gives birth to tadpoles' https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/science-environment-30643756 BBC 31 December 2014 2 January 2015 Undated Researchers prove that avian dinosaurs (birds) regularly got smaller and finer boned over time.The birth of birds 6216 1444–1449 Science 346 19 December 2014 10.1126/science.346.6216.1444 25525224 Pennisi E. Elizabeth Pennisi Kaiser J. Service R. F. Gibbons A. Vogel G. Underwood E. Hand E. free Researchers claim alcoholic beverage causes successful aging for women.http://www.rd.com/health/wellness/why-women-can-drink-moderately-to-their-health/ Why Women Can Drink (Moderately) to Their Health Reader's Digest n.d. Deaths 4 January – Shirley Jeffrey, 74, Australian biologist and academic 12 January – William Feindel, 95, Canadian neurosurgeon, scientist and professorhttps://www.mcgill.ca/channels/news/william-feindel-1918-2014-232442 William Feindel (1918–2014) McGill University January 2014 15 January 2014 25 January – John R. Huizenga, 92, American nuclear physicist 29 January – Robert Resnick, 91, American physicist, academic and authorhttp://www.legacy.com/obituaries/postgazette/obituary.aspx?pid=169415914 Robert Resnick Obituary Legacy.com 25 March 2014 15 February – Thelma Estrin, 89, American computer scientist and biomedical engineer 18 February – Forman S. Acton, 93, American computer scientist, author and academichttp://www.princeton.edu/main/news/archive/S39/47/41O84/index.xml?section=topstories Forman Acton, pioneer in early computing, dies Princeton University 14 March 2014 23 March 2015 3 March – Joab Thomas, 81, American university administrator and scientisthttp://news.psu.edu/story/306415/2014/03/03/administration/university-mourns-loss-president-emeritus-joab-thomas University mourns loss of president emeritus Joab Thomas PSU.edu 3 March 2014 17 December 2014 29 March – Ruth A. M. Schmidt, 97, American geologist 1 May – Radhia Cousot, 67, French computer scientist, co-inventor of abstract interpretationPatrick Cousot, Radhia Cousot: "Abstract Interpretation: A Unified Lattice Model for Static Analysis of Programs by Construction or Approximation of Fixpoints". Conference Record of the Fourth ACM Symposium on Principles of Programming Languages, Los Angeles, California, USA, January 1977. ACM, 1977, pp. 238-252. 4 May – Edgar Cortright, 90, American scientist and engineer, NASA senior officialObituary: Dr. Edgar Cortright. TC Palm via Legacy.com. 6 May 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014. 7 May – Colin Pillinger, 70, English planetary scientist"Colin Pillinger dies after brain haemorrhage". BBC. May 2014. Retrieved 17 December 2014. 8 May – Roger L. Easton, 93, American scientist, principal inventor and designer of the Global Positioning System (GPS)Mr. Roger L Easton, Sr. http://www.afspc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100405-045.pdf 28 October 2013 Air Force Space Command 17 December 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20131029203157/http://www.afspc.af.mil/shared/media/document/AFD-100405-045.pdf 29 October 2013 17 May – Gerald Edelman, 84, American scientist, recipient of the 1972 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for work on understanding the structure of antibodieshttps://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/medicine/laureates/1972/edelman-facts.html Gerald Edelman NobelPrize.org 17 December 2014 6 June – Lorna Wing, 85, English psychiatrist 18 June – Stephanie Kwolek, 90, American chemist, National Medal of Technology laureate, inventor of Kevlar 27 August – Xia Peisu, 91, Chinese computer scientist 2 September – William Merton, 96, British military scientist and bankerhttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11162354/William-Merton-obituary.html William Merton - obituary The Daily Telegraph 14 October 2014 21 January 2015 15 November – Max Birnstiel, 81, Swiss molecular biologistGrunstein Michael Bird Adrian Max Birnstiel 1933–2014: Gene pioneer Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2015-01-13 112 2 302–303 10.1073/pnas.1423755112 2015PNAS..112..302G 25556180 4299252 free 3 December – Nathaniel Branden, 84, Canadian American psychotherapist 18 December – Robert Simpson, 102, American meteorologist and co-developer of the Saffir-Simpson Hurricane ScaleRobert Simpson, co-developer of hurricane scale, dies at 102 https://www.washingtonpost.com/blogs/capital-weather-gang/wp/2014/12/19/robert-simpson-co-developer-of-hurricane-scale-dies-at-102/ The Washington Post 19 December 2014 27 February 2015 25 December – Mary F. Lyon, 89, British geneticisthttps://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/obituaries/11387229/Mary-Lyon-geneticist-obituary.html Mary Lyon, geneticist - obituary The Daily Telegraph 3 February 2015 4 March 2015 See also 2014 in spaceflight List of emerging technologies List of years in science References External links "Scientific Americans Top 10 Science Stories of 2014". Scientific American. 12 December 2014. Science obituaries in The Guardian Science obituaries in The Daily Telegraph Science obituaries at Legacy.com Category:21st century in science Category:2010s in science