1908 in science

none 1908 science 1908 The year 1908 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Archaeology March – A 40,000-year-old Neanderthal boy skeleton is found at Le Moustier in southwest France by Otto Hauser. Astronomy If its start and end are defined using mean solar time then due to the extreme length of day variation this is the longest year of the Julian calendar or Gregorian calendar, having a duration of 31622401.38 seconds of Terrestrial Time (or ephemeris time).Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A 0080-4614 Stephenson F. R. Morrison L. V. Whitrow G. J. 1984 313 1524 47–70 http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/313/1524/47.full.pdf+html PDF Long-Term Changes in the Rotation of the Earth: 700 B.C. to A.D. 1980 10.1098/rsta.1984.0082 1984RSPTA.313...47S 120566848 2012-05-24 subscription 2016-01-05 https://web.archive.org/web/20160105115927/http://rsta.royalsocietypublishing.org/content/313/1524/47.full.pdf+html dead January 3 – The total solar eclipse of January 3, 1908 is visible in the Pacific Ocean and is the 46th solar eclipse of Solar Saros 130. June 28 – The annular solar eclipse of June 28, 1908 is visible from Central America, North America, Atlantic Ocean and Africa and is the 33rd solar eclipse of Solar Saros 135. June 30 June 17 – Tunguska event in Siberia, an explosion believed to have been caused by the air burst of a large meteoroid or comet fragment at an altitude of 5 – 10 km 0 above the Earth's surface.Pasechnik I. P. Refinement of the moment of explosion of the Tunguska meteorite from the seismic data Cosmic Matter and the Earth Novosibirsk Nauka 1986 66 RussianFarinella Paolo Foschini L. Froeschlé Christiane Gonczi R. Jopek T. J. Longo G. Michel Patrick http://www-th.bo.infn.it/tunguska/aah2886.pdf Probable asteroidal origin of the Tunguska Cosmic Body Astronomy and Astrophysics 377 3 1081–1097 2001 10.1051/0004-6361:20011054 2011-08-23 2001A&A...377.1081F freeTrayner Chris Perplexities of the Tunguska Meteorite The Observatory 114 227–231 1994 1994Obs...114..227T November – George Ellery Hale publishes his observation that sunspots have a magnetic field.Hale G. E. 1908 On the Probable Existence of a Magnetic Field in Sun-Spots The Astrophysical Journal 28 315 1908ApJ....28..315H 10.1086/141602 free December 23 – The hybrid solar eclipse of December 23, 1908 is visible from Atlantic Ocean and is the 23rd solar eclipse of Solar Saros 140. Chemistry Kikunae Ikeda discovers monosodium glutamate, the chemical behind the taste of umami.Kikunae Ikeda Sodium Glutamate http://www.jpo.go.jp/seido_e/rekishi_e/kikunae_ikeda.htm History of Industrial Property Rights Japan Patent Office 2002-10-07 2010-11-12 https://web.archive.org/web/20071028131520/http://www.jpo.go.jp/seido_e/rekishi_e/kikunae_ikeda.htm 2007-10-28 dead Heike Kamerlingh Onnes liquefies helium. Climatology This is the coldest recorded year since 1880, according to NASA reports.http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ Data.GISS: GISS Surface Temperature Analysis (GISTEMP v4) data.giss.nasa.gov January 23, 2016 May 17, 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190517042108/https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/ live Earth sciences December 28 – The 7.1 w 1908 Messina earthquake shakes Southern Italy with a maximum Mercalli intensity of XI (Extreme). Genetics July – G. H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg independently formulate the Hardy–Weinberg principle which states that both allele and genotype frequencies in a population remain in equilibrium unless disturbed.Tony Crilly 50 Mathematical Ideas you really need to know London Quercus 2007 978-1-84724-008-8 148 History of science Site of Ulugh Beg Observatory located in Samarkand by Russian archaeologist V. L. Vyatkin. National Technical Museum (Prague) founded. Mathematics Ernst Zermelo axiomizes set theory, thus avoiding Cantor's contradictions. Josip Plemelj solves the Riemann problem about the existence of a differential equation with a given monodromic group and uses Sokhotsky-Plemelj formulae. Student's t-distribution published by William Sealy Gosset (pseudonymously).Student March 1908 The probable error of a mean Biometrika 6 1 1–25 http://www.york.ac.uk/depts/maths/histstat/student.pdf 10.1093/biomet/6.1.1 2011-10-08 10338.dmlcz/143545 Paleontology c. September – Edmontosaurus mummy AMNH 5060, an exceptionally well-preserved fossil dinosaur, is discovered near Lusk, Wyoming. Physics Hans Geiger and Ernest Rutherford invent the Geiger counter. Gustav Mie publishes the Mie solution to Maxwell's equations on the scattering of electromagnetic radiation by a sphere.Gustav Mie Beiträge zur Optik trüber Medien, speziell kolloidaler Metallösungen Annalen der Physik 25 3 377–445 1908 10.1002/andp.19083300302 1908AnP...330..377M free English translation, American translation Physiology and medicine April 27 – First Congress for Freudian Psychology, held in Salzburg. Swiss psychiatrist Eugen Bleuler introduces the term schizophrenia.Kuhn R. Eugen Bleuler's concepts of psychopathology History of Psychiatry 15 59 Pt 3 2004 361–6 10.1177/0957154X04044603 15386868 5317716 Austrian American pathologist Leo Buerger gives the first accurate pathological description of Thromboangiitis obliterans ("Buerger's disease") at Mount Sinai Hospital (Manhattan).Buerger Leo Thrombo-angiitis obliterans: a study of the vascular lesions leading to presenile spontaneous gangrene The American Journal of the Medical Sciences 136 4 567–80 1908 10.1097/00000441-190810000-00011 29015658 5202473 Victor Horsley and R. Clarke invents the stereotactic method. Margaret Reed Lewis, working in Berlin, becomes probably the first person successfully to grow mammalian tissue in vitro.Corner George W. George W. Corner Warren Harmon Lewis, June 17, 1870 – July 3, 1964 Biographical Memoirs of the National Academy of Sciences 39 1967 323–358 https://www.nasonline.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/06/lewis-warren-h.pdf Technology January 12 – A long-distance radio message is sent from the Eiffel Tower for the first time. July 8 – The paper coffee filter, created by German housewife Melitta Bentz, is patented.https://www.dpma.de/english/our_office/publications/ingeniouswomen/110jahrekaffeefilter/index.html Melitta Bentz, mother of filter coffee: inventor and entrepreneur German Patent and Trade Mark Office 2022-04-06 June 22 – James M. Spangler patents the upright portable vacuum cleaner in the United States. September 27 – The first of Henry Ford's Ford Model T automobiles is produced in Detroit, Michigan.Model T Facts https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2013/08/05/model-t-facts.html Ford US 2013-04-23 https://web.archive.org/web/20130928165026/https://media.ford.com/content/fordmedia/fna/us/en/news/2013/08/05/model-t-facts.html 2013-09-28 dead December 7 – Lee Newman files a patent for a felt-tipped marker pen in the United States.Lee W. Newman, Marking Pen, U.S. Patent 946,149. Granted January 11, 1910. Awards Nobel Prizes Physics – Gabriel Lippmann Chemistry – Ernest Rutherford Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine – Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov and Paul Ehrlich Births January 15 – Edward Teller (died 2003), Hungarian-born physicist, inventor of the hydrogen bomb. January 18 – Jacob Bronowski (died 1974), Polish-born scientific polymath. January 22 – Lev Davidovich Landau (died 1968), Russian physicist. February 11 – Vivian Fuchs (died 1999), English geologist and explorer. February 25 – Mary Locke Petermann (died 1975), American cellular biochemist. March 15 – Thure von Uexküll (died 2004), German pioneer of psychosomatic medicine. May 7 – Leo Sternbach, (died 2005), Polish-born American chemist.https://www.thelancet.com/journals/lancet/article/PIIS0140-6736(05)67588-5/fulltext 10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67588-5 Leo H Sternbach 2005 Oransky Ivan The Lancet 366 9495 1430 May 14 – Nicholas Kurti, born Kürti Miklós (died 1998), Hungarian-born physicist. May 23 – John Bardeen (died 1991), American physicist, co-inventor of the transistor, only physicist to receive the Nobel Prize in Physics twice. September 2 – Nikolai Aleksandrovich Kozyrev (died 1983), Russian astronomer and astrophysicist. September 6 – Louis Essen (died 1997), English physicist, co-developer of the first practical atomic clock. September 18 – Victor Ambartsumian (died 1996), Soviet Armenian theoretical astrophysicist.Viktor Amazaspovich Ambartsumian – Armenian astronomer https://www.britannica.com/biography/Viktor-Amazaspovich-Ambartsumian Encyclopædia Britannica 21 February 2018 October 10 – Min Chueh Chang (died 1991), Chinese-born embryologist. October 21 – Elsie Widdowson (died 2000), English nutritionist. November 4 – Joseph Rotblat (died 2005), Polish-born physicist. December 24 – Noël Poynter (died 1979), English medical historian. Deaths January 3 – Charles Augustus Young (born 1834), American astronomer. August 25 – Henri Becquerel (born 1852), French physicist. November 20 – Georgy Voronoy (born 1868), Russian mathematician. References Category:20th century in science Category:1900s in science