2014 OS393

Classical Kuiper belt object September 2021 yes 2014 OS 393 #C2E0FF 2014OS393 New Horizons (annotated).gif 2014 OS 393 imaged by the New Horizons spacecraft on 5 January 2019 New Horizons KBO Search Hubble Space Telescope 30 July 2014 2014 OS 393 e31007AIe3PT2 TNOcubewanodistantbinary 9 June 2026 (JD 2461200.5) 7 3.07 y (1122 d) 44.6277 AU 43.1635 AU 43.8956 AU 0.01668 290.830 yr (106,226 d) 46.4393° 0.0034 ms / day 3.8103° 138.294° 109.528° 30 km (component)42 km (effective) 36.214 h d 0.04–0.100.04–0.15 V–I 1.18 25.8 10.110.111 2014 OS 393, called PT2 in the press releases surrounding the New Horizons mission, is a binary trans-Neptunian object in the classical Kuiper belt, the outermost region of the Solar System. It was first observed by the New Horizons KBO Search using the Hubble Space Telescope on 30 July 2014. Until 2015, when the object 486958 Arrokoth was selected, it was a potential flyby target for the New Horizons probe. Estimated to be approximately 42 km mi in diameter, the object had a poorly determined orbit as it had been observed for only a few months. With MPEC 2024-E99 the Minor Planet Center published on 6 March 2024 additional observations by New Horizons KBO Search-Subaru which allowed to compute a fairly reliable orbit. Discovery and designation left|thumb|The orbits of New Horizons potential targets 1–3. 2014 OS 393 (PT2) is in red. 486958 Arrokoth (PT1) is in blue. 2014 PN 70 is in green. 2014 OS 393 was discovered by the New Horizons Search Team with the help of the Hubble Space Telescope because the object has a magnitude of 26.3, which is too faint to be observed by ground-based telescopes. Preliminary observations by the HST searching for KBO flyby targets for the New Horizons probe started in June 2014, and more intensive observations continued in July and August. 2014 OS 393 was first discovered in observations on July 30, 2014, but it was designated e31007AI at the time, nicknamed e3 for short. Its existence as a potential target of the New Horizons probe was revealed by NASA in October 2014 and designated PT2, but the official name 2014 OS 393 was not assigned by the Minor Planet Center until March 2015 after better orbit information was available. Orbit and classification 2014 OS 393 is a trans-Neptunian object and likely a non-resonant classical Kuiper belt object, also known as "cubewano". It orbits the Sun at a distance of 43.3–44.84 AU once every 292 years (semi-major axis of 44.04 AU). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.018 and an inclination of 3.8° with respect to the ecliptic. As this object has not been observed since July 2017, its orbit remains rather poorly determined still containing a high uncertainty of 7. The body's observation arc begins with a precovery taken on 25 June 2014, by the New Horizons KBO Search team using the Subaru Telescope at Mauna Kea Observatory on Hawaii and ends presently on 21 July 2017, covering 1122 days. Binary thumb|left|Comparison of orbital separations and diameters of trans-Neptunian close binaries After the New Horizons probe completed its flyby of Arrokoth, the probe began observations of other nearby surrounding Kuiper belt objects, including 2014 OS 393. Observations of 2014 OS 393's brightness variations at high phase angles allowed the New Horizons probe to make a rough determination of its rotation period as well as its shape. As New Horizons observed 2014 OS 393 at phase angles near 90°, it displayed large variations in brightness, indicating that its shape is either extremely elongated or 2014 OS 393 could be a binary system of two separated components. 2014 OS 393 appeared to be possibly a separated binary in a few resolved New Horizons images, but in 2020 this remained inconclusive. Later work by Hal Weaver in 2021 showed that 2014 OS 393 was indeed a binary, with two components about 30 km in diameter, about 150 km apart. Exploration thumb|left|Trajectory of New Horizons and other nearby Kuiper belt objects After the New Horizons probe completed its flyby of Pluto, the probe was to be maneuvered to a flyby of at least one Kuiper belt object. Several potential targets were under consideration for the first such flyby. 2014 OS 393 has an estimated mean diameter between 30 and 55 kilometers, depending on the body's assumed albedo. The potential encounter in 2018–2019 would have been at a distance of 43–44 AU from the Sun. On 28 August 2015, the New Horizons team announced the selection of 2014 MU 69 (later named 486958 Arrokoth) as the next flyby target, eliminating the other possible targets — 2014 OS 393, 2014 PN 70, and 2014 MT 69. The spacecraft passed 2014 OS 393 in January 2019, at a distance of less than 0.1 AU (15 million km, 9.3 million miles). This makes 2014 OS 393 the second closest KBO observed by New Horizons, after Arrokoth. Numbering and naming This minor planet has not been numbered by the Minor Planet Center and remains unnamed. See also 2011 JY 31, another tight binary KBO observed by New Horizons List of New Horizons topics References 30em 2017-07-21 last obs. JPL Small-Body Database Browser: (2014 OS393) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=3713012 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 7 July 2026 2014 OS393 Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=2014+OS393 7 September 2021 List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects Johnston's Archive 18 August 2020 Johnston, Wm. Robert http://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html 7 September 2021 2014 OS393 7 September 2021 Shapes of TNOs from New Horizons Lightcurves https://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/lpsc2020/pdf/1645.pdf S. B. Porter A. J. Verbiscer H. A. Weaver J. R. Spencer J. J. Kavelaars K. N. Singer J. W. Parker S. A. Stern 2020 51st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference Lunar and Planetary Institute 1645 28 February 2020 The color and binarity of (486958) 2014 MU 69 and other long-range New Horizons Kuiper Belt targets etal S. D. Benecchi D. Borncamp A. H. Parker M. W. Buie K. S. Noll R. P. Binzel Icarus 334 22–29 December 2019 10.1016/j.icarus.2019.01.025 1812.04752 119192900 S. A. Stern H. A. Weaver J. R. Spencer H. A. Elliott The New Horizons Kuiper Belt Extended Mission Space Science Reviews 214 4 2016 1806.08393 10.1007/s11214-018-0507-4 255074224 Harold Weaver Simon Porter John Spencer Discovery of Tight Binaries in the Kuiper Belt by New Horizons LORRI https://baas.aas.org/pub/2021n7i307p07/release/1 53rd Annual DPS Meeting American Astronomical Society October 2021 53 7 307.07 2021DPS....5330707W New Horizons Discovers Kuiper Belt "Twins" https://skyandtelescope.org/astronomy-news/new-horizons-discovers-kuiper-belt-twins/ David Dickinson Sky & Telescope 8 October 2021 13 November 2021 etal H. A. Weaver S. B. Porter J. R. Spencer High Resolution Search for KBO Binaries from New Horizons The Planetary Science Journal February 2022 3 46 17 10.3847/PSJ/ac4cb7 2201.05940 2022PSJ.....3...46W 247088149 free http://spacefellowship.com/news/art39548/hubble-to-proceed-with-full-search-for-new-horizons-targets.html Hubble to Proceed with Full Search for New Horizons Targets Klaus Schmidt International Space Fellowship 2 July 2014 Lakdawalla Emily Emily Lakdawalla Finally! New Horizons has a second target Planetary Society blog Planetary Society October 15, 2014 October 15, 2014 http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/10151024-finally-new-horizons-has-a-kbo.html https://web.archive.org/web/20141015230432/http://www.planetary.org/blogs/emily-lakdawalla/2014/10151024-finally-new-horizons-has-a-kbo.html live Buie, Marc Marc W. Buie New Horizons HST KBO Search Results: Status Report http://www.stsci.edu/institute/stuc/oct-2014/New-Horizons.pdf https://wayback.archive-it.org/all/20150727213348/http://www.stsci.edu/institute/stuc/oct-2014/New-Horizons.pdf dead 27 July 2015 Space Telescope Science Institute October 15, 2014 23 6 June 2015 Zangari, Amanda Postcards from Pluto http://plutopostcards.tumblr.com/post/114890975293/picture-from-the-colorado-dmv-im-super-excited Tumblr March 28, 2015 http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2014/47/ NASA's Hubble Telescope Finds Potential Kuiper Belt Targets for New Horizons Pluto Mission HubbleSite 15 October 2014 Hubble to Proceed with Full Search for New Horizons Targets HubbleSite news release Space Telescope Science Institute July 1, 2014 http://hubblesite.org/newscenter/archive/releases/2014/35/ Wall Mike Hubble Telescope Spots Post-Pluto Targets for New Horizons Probe Space.com October 15, 2014 October 15, 2014 http://www.space.com/27445-hubble-telescope-new-horizons-kuiper-belt.html https://web.archive.org/web/20141015233156/http://www.space.com/27445-hubble-telescope-new-horizons-kuiper-belt.html J. R. Spencer M. W. Buie The Successful Search for a Post-Pluto KBO Flyby Target for New Horizons Using the Hubble Space Telescope http://meetingorganizer.copernicus.org/EPSC2015/EPSC2015-417.pdf European Planetary Science Congress (EPSC) Abstract EPSC2015-417 Copernicus Office 2015 etal 2015EPSC...10..417S Powell, Corey S. Alan Stern on Pluto's Wonders, New Horizons' Lost Twin, and That Whole "Dwarf Planet" Thing http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2015/03/29/alan-stern-on-plutos-wonders/ Discover March 29, 2015 8 May 2015 16 November 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20191116104116/http://blogs.discovermagazine.com/outthere/2015/03/29/alan-stern-on-plutos-wonders/ dead Cofield Calla Beyond Pluto: 2nd Target Chosen for New Horizons Probe http://www.space.com/30415-new-horizons-pluto-mission-next-target.html Space.com 28 August 2015 External links List of Transneptunian Objects, Minor Planet Center expanded # Category:Minor planet object articles (unnumbered) # Category:Discoveries by the Hubble Space Telescope # 20140730