1963 Guatemalan coup d'état

none 1963 Guatemalan coup d'état the Cold War Guatemala map en.svg 300px March 30–31, 1963 Guatemala City, Guatemala Successful coup; military government established Military rule until July 1, 1966 Flag of Guatemala (1871–1968).svg Guatemalan Armed Forces Flag of Guatemala (1871–1968).svg Government of Guatemala Flag of Guatemala (1871–1968).svg Enrique Peralta Azurdia Flag of Guatemala (1871–1968).svgCatalino Chavez Flag of Guatemala (1871–1968).svg Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes Flag of Guatemala (1871–1968).svg Guardia de Honor Flag of Guatemala (1871–1968).svg Mariscal Zavala Unknown The 1963 Guatemalan coup d'état was a successful US-backed power grab in Guatemala by the Guatemalan military, led by Colonel Enriuqe Peralta Azurdia, which ousted the Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes administration.The Lasting Effects of U.S. Intervention in Guatemala https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?params=/context/honorstheses/article/2053/&path_info=The_Lasting_Effects_of_U.S._Intervention_in_Guatemala_.pdf The military junta headed by the colonel governed the country until the restoration of civilian rule in 1966, peacefully handing power to Julio César Méndez Montenegro on July 1. Motives The coup's aims, instigated and supported by the Kennedy administration, were not to depose democratically elected President Miguel Ydígoras Fuentes, a dedicated anti-Communist, but instead to prevent the imminent electoral victory of Juan José Arévalo in the upcoming November elections, who was perceived to be a Communist.Miami Herald: U.S. Backed Guatemela Coup (1963) After Vote of Kennedy Aides https://nacla.org/article/miami-herald-us-backed-guatemela-coup-1963-after-vote-kennedy-aides 2024-05-31 NACLA en In a meeting held by US President John F. Kennedy and his top advisers, the American Ambassador to Guatemala John O. Bell advocated for a coup against the Latin-American country, insisting that Arévalo's election must be prevented at any cost. His view was opposed by Teodoro Moscoso, administrator of the Alliance for Progress, a US initiative promoting democracy and development in Latin America. Moscoso argued that while Arévalo was a member of the democratic left, he was not a Communist and posed no greater threat than other non-Communist democratic leftist figures such as Venezuelan President Rómulo Betancourt and Puerto Rican Governor Luis Muñoz Marín, who also implemented progressive reforms during their reign. Despite the internal opposition to the idea however, the "coup bloc" still prevailed, leading to Colonel Enrique Peralta Azurdia's successful coup. Coup The Anti-Arevalist coup, aiming to prevent former President Juan José Arévalo from taking power again, (1945–1951) was mainly executed by two army garrisons in the nation's capital of Guatemala City - Guardia De Honor and Mariscal ZavalaMILITARY OVERTHROW OF GUATEMALAN GOVERNMENT https://www.cia.gov/readingroom/docs/DOC_0000306416.pdf - and led by two military figures: Colonel Enrique Peralta Azuria, Minister of Defence during the Ydígoras administration, and Colonel Catalino Chavez, First Presidential Designate. The bloodless coup attempt started unfolding on March 26, with the declaration of a State of Siege which suspended constitutional protections.Weaver Jerry L. 1969 The Military Elite and Political Control in Guatemala, 1963-1966 https://www.jstor.org/stable/42858467 Social Science Quarterly 50 1 127–135 0038-4941 Three days later on March 29, the Defense Minister Peralta Azurdia announced the closure of the national airport and prohibition of any public meetings, adding that "military maneuvers" would be conducted in and out of Guatemala City from March 30 until March 31. As announced, the coup attempt was finally launched in the late hours of March 30, with gunfire being heard through the streets of the capital by 8 PM.TIME 1963-04-05 Guatemala: Coup Against the Left https://time.com/archive/6626231/guatemala-coup-against-the-left/ 2024-05-31 TIME en On 6 AM of the following day, the army broadcast a radio announcement to the radio declaring the president had been overthrown and that Colonel Enrique Peralta Azurdia would assume leadership "for the good of the nation." Constitutional rights were promised to be restored once "the nation is ready" and "the extremists have been eradicated." Post-coup On March 30, 1964, the military junta lifted the State of Siege which had been in effect since the coup, also announcing Constituent Assembly elections for May 24.1964-03-31 Guatemala Ends Siege https://www.nytimes.com/1964/03/31/guatemala-ends-siege.html 2024-05-31 The New York Times en-US 0362-4331 Two political parties were permitted to participate: the centre-left Revolutionary Party and the right-wing National Liberation Movement.Biografia de Enrique Peralta Azurdia https://www.biografiasyvidas.com/biografia/p/peralta_azurdia.htm 2024-05-31 www.biografiasyvidas.com In 1965, a new constitution was approved. On March 6, general elections were held, which were won by Julio César Méndez Montenegro. By July 1, the military peacefully relinquished power to the new civilian administration. References Category:1960s coups d'état Category:1963 in Guatemala 1963 Category:United States involvement in regime change Category:Guatemala–United States relations