2002 Bou'in-Zahra earthquake

2002 earthquake in Iran December 2024 2002 Bou'in–Zahra earthquake 2002-06-22 02:58:21 3187856 usp000b6pk 22 June 2002 7:28 a.m. IST 7 seconds Iran Star indicates epicenter of the earthquake wc y 6.5 10 km onM 6.5 - 59 km SSW of Abhar, Iran 2002 usp000b6pk 35.62 N 49.04 E region:IR_type:event inline,title Iran Thrust 8 more than 20 59 at least 261 dead, 1,500 injured, and 50,000 homeless An earthquake occurred on 22 June 2002 with the epicenter near the cityBou'in-Zahra is a county,https://www.latimes.com/archives/la-xpm-2002-jun-23-fg-iran23-story.html 500 Killed, Thousands Injured in Iran Quake Slackman Michael 2002-06-23 Los Angeles Times A1 2008-08-22 and a city of the same name.https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/1398032/500-dead-in-Iranian-earthquake.html 500 dead in Iranian earthquake 2002-06-22 The Daily Telegraph 2008-08-22 of Bou'in-ZahraThe name of this city and county has sometimes been transliterated as Bouynzahra,http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2002-06-23/news/0206230330_1_qazvin-abdareh-quake Earthquake Kills 500, Injures 2,000 in Iran. Sun Sentinel 20 February 2014 26 February 2014 https://web.archive.org/web/20140226060714/http://articles.sun-sentinel.com/2002-06-23/news/0206230330_1_qazvin-abdareh-quake dead Buin-Zahra, and Buyin Zahra. in Iran's Qazvin province. The region is crossed by several major faults and known for destructive earthquakes. The shock measured 6.5 on the wc y scale,Iran 2002 2018-03-29 had a maximum Mercalli intensity of VIII (Severe), and was followed by more than 20 aftershocks. At least 261 people were killed and 1,500 more were injured. According to the International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology (IIEES), the earthquake was felt as far away as the capital city of Tehran, approximately 290 km mi 0 east of the epicenter, although no damage was reported there. Most houses in the region were single-story masonry buildings, and virtually all of these collapsed. Public anger arose due to the slow official response to victims who needed supplies. Residents of the town of Avaj resorted to throwing stones at the car of a government minister. Background and tectonics The northeastern part of Iran lies across part of the belt of active continental collision between the Arabian plate and the Eurasian plate. Iran is crossed by several major faults, with 90% of them being seismically active and subject to many earthquakes each year; the area around the rupture experiences minor quakes almost daily.Help too late, say quake survivors http://www.cnn.com/2002/WORLD/meast/06/24/iran.anger/index.html CNN 2002-06-24 2008-06-19245 Confirmed Dead in Iran Quake CBS News 2002-06-24 https://www.cbsnews.com/news/245-confirmed-dead-in-iran-quake/ 2008-06-19http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/Iran6-22-02/ Preliminary Earthquake Reconnaissance Report on the June 22, 2002 Changureh (Avaj), Iran Earthquake 2008-06-26 International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology 2002-07-19 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20100325123100/http://mceer.buffalo.edu/research/Reconnaissance/Iran6-22-02/ 25 March 2010 The most seismically active parts of this area are the Zagros fold and thrust belt and the Alborz mountain range. Qazvin province, which is located between these two zones, suffers fewer earthquakes, but these may be more powerful because stresses have longer to build. The Bou'in-Zahra earthquake was located in an area of active thrust faulting and folding, parallel and south of the southern edge of the Alborz mountain range, and was the 11th rupture in the previous two months in central Iran. A seismic inversion of long-period P and SH body-wave seismograms indicated a rupture on a thrust fault that dips 49 degrees to the southwest and had a centroid depth of roughly 10 km mi 0.Walker R. T. Bergman, E Jackson, J Ghorashi, M Talebain, M. 2005 The 2002 June 22 Changureh (Avaj) earthquake in Qazvin province, northwest Iran: epicentral relocation, source parameters, surface deformation and geomorphology Geophysical Journal International 160 2 707–720 10.1111/j.1365-246X.2005.02516.x 2005GeoJI.160..707W free The rupture's mechanism of faulting was reverse.KhalilAllah Fenghi Shahryar, Solaymani 2003 Geometry of Fault Ruptures of the Avaj Region Earthquake Research Bulletin of Seismology and Earthquake Engineering 5 4KhalilAllah Fenghi Shahryar, Solaymani 2003 Seismotectonics and Neotectonics of Changureh Earthquake on June 22, 2002 International Institute of Earthquake Engineering and Seismology Multiple-event relocation of the main shock and aftershock epicenters and discontinuous surface ruptures recorded after the earthquake are compatible with northeastward movement on a southwest-dipping thrust, although maximum recorded displacements were less than would have been expected from the observed magnitude. This suggests that most of the slip did not actually reach the Earth's surface but caused folding at the surface. A previously unmapped thrust with little surface expression, the Abdareh fault, has been identified from the disruption of earlier drainage systems by the growth of the fold in its hanging wall, and is thought to be responsible for the earthquake. Such structures are known as blind thrusts, and have been responsible for many destructive earthquakes in Iran and elsewhere. The geomorphological effects of this particular fold have been partly obscured by the presence of an earlier Neogene topography. The Qazvin region was hit by an even greater earthquake in 1962, which killed 12,200.Iranians angry at 'slow' quake help https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2060817.stm BBC News 2002-06-23 2008-06-18 In 1990 a rupture killed over 40,000 people, injured 60,000, and left more than 500,000 homeless. Damage and casualties thumb|left|The Kharāghān twin towers before the earthquake The earthquake occurred at 02:58 UTC (7:28 a.m. Iran Standard Time), while many of the estimated 60 million Iranians affected were in their homes. Its duration was seven seconds,Zare Mehdi September 2002 A Seismological Overview on the Changureh (Avaj, Iran) Earthquake of 22 June 2002, Mw=6.3 Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology 4 2 http://www.orfeus-eu.org/organization/Organization/Newsletter/vol4no2/vol4no2.pdf 2008-07-02 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20160304093709/http://www.orfeus-eu.org/organization/Organization/Newsletter/vol4no2/vol4no2.pdf 4 March 2016 and the epicenter was near the settlement of Bou'in-ZahraIran buries dead after earthquake https://www.usatoday.com/news/world/2002/06/23/iran-quake.htm Associated Press USA Today 2002-06-23 2008-06-20 in the Khar river valley, a mountainous farming region about 60 km mi 0 from the provincial capital of Qazvin.http://www.elpais.com/articulo/internacional/500/muertos/2000/heridos/terremoto/Iran/elpepiint/20020623elpepiint_14/Tes Al menos 500 muertos y 2.000 heridos por un terremoto en Irán 2002-06-23 El País es 2008-08-23 The greatest damage was across an area best known for its seedless grape harvesting, a getaway for wealthy residents of Tehran. At least 261 people were killed, 1,500 injured, and 25,000 left homeless.'No more survivors' in Iran quake https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2061951.stm BBC News 2002-06-24 2008-06-18 An earlier death toll was reported as 500, but this number was believed to be inflated once it became known that some of the severely injured had been mistaken for dead. Most of the dead were women, children and the elderly,Rescue Teams Continue to Dig in Iran Earthquake Rubble http://www.voanews.com/english/archive/2002-06/a-2002-06-24-12-Rescue.cfm Voice of America News 2002-06-24 2008-06-18 https://web.archive.org/web/20110522115021/http://www.voanews.com/english/news/a-13-a-2002-06-24-12-Rescue-67570392.html 2011-05-22 as many of the men were working in local vineyards.222 Dead in Iran Earthquake CBS News https://www.cbsnews.com/news/222-dead-in-iran-earthquake/ 2002-06-23 2008-07-02 Over 20 aftershocks were recorded, with magnitudes up to 5.1 on the moment magnitude scale. At least three of these caused further casualties and damage,Nazila Fathi Quake in Northern Iran Kills at Least 500 https://www.nytimes.com/2002/06/23/world/quake-in-northern-iran-kills-at-least-500.html The New York Times 2002-06-23 2008-06-20 most of which were within a 25 km mi 0 radius of the main shock.Hosseini S. Suzuki, S. Fuji, Y. Sadeghi, H. Fatemi Aghda, S. Aftershock Observation of the 22 June 2002 Changoureh-Avaj Earthquake (Mw 6.5), NW Iran AGU Fall Meeting Abstracts 2002AGUFM.S71B1091H 71 1091 December 2002 An estimated 5,000 buildings were damaged beyond repair. In the Qazvin province, 120 buildings were demolished and 50 villages suffered massive damage. In the neighboring Hamadan province, 45 villages were destroyed. A large majority of houses in the region were single-story masonry buildings, and virtually all of these collapsed.Ramazi Hamidreza Haghani, Reza November 2006 The 22 June 2002 Avaj, Iran, Earthquake: A Field Report Seismological Research Letters 77 6 723–730 http://srl.geoscienceworld.org/cgi/content/extract/77/6/723 2008-06-20 10.1785/gssrl.77.6.723 2006SeiRL..77..723R subscription As non-engineered structures, these could not withstand seismic forces, with structural failure and collapse resulting from wall-to-wall separation and the lack of structural integrity and of a proper lateral system of resisting.Eshghi Sassan Zahre, Mehdi Mahdavifar, Mohammad R 2002-06-23 The Changureh (Avaj) earthquake of June 22, 2002 Japan Society for Natural Disaster Science http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsnds/contents/saigai_report/Changureh20020622.html 2008-08-24 dead https://web.archive.org/web/20070818053230/http://wwwsoc.nii.ac.jp/jsnds/contents/saigai_report/Changureh20020622.html 18 August 2007 Newer structures built in accordance with the Iranian code of practice for seismic-resistant design fared much better. Damage to the historic Kharaqan tomb towers, which were in a good state of preservation before the event, suggests that the earthquake was possibly one of the most powerful in the region for approximately 900 years. At a station 28 km mi 0 from the epicenter, the maximum horizontal and vertical accelerations were recorded to be roughly 0.5 g and 0.26 g. A bridge collapsed as a result of the disaster. Water and irrigation systems were severely damaged near the epicenter, and water facilities were demolished in nine villages. Many of the main water pipelines in the affected areas were damaged or destroyed, causing inadequacies in water availability and quality.http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/ACOS-64D2J7?OpenDocument http://webarchive.loc.gov/all/20060507125941/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/RWB.NSF/db900SID/ACOS-64D2J7?OpenDocument dead 2006-05-07 Iran: Earthquake in the Qazvin/Hamadan and Zanjan regions Appeal No. 17/02 Final Report 2008-06-20 International Federation of Red Cross And Red Crescent Societies ReliefWeb 2004-02-19 Surface cracks were observed in Ab Darreh and Changureh, the villages that suffered the heaviest damage, being roughly 25 km mi 0 from the epicenter. The relatively low levels of damage in the towns of Avaj or Ab-e-Garm in comparison to Changureh and Ab Darreh suggest a focus of damage to the northwest of the epicenter due to northwest propagation. In Changureh, only two buildings were left standing and over 120 casualties occurred. Ab Darreh also fared poorly; the disaster destroyed the town's only mosque, toppled 40 homes and killed at least 20 people. North of Avaj, in the village of Esmailabad, survivors recovered 38 corpses, a ninth of the total population, while searching for the missing, feared trapped in the ruins. In another village in the vicinity, Aliabad, two shepherds were the only known survivors. In the small village of Kisse-Jin, roughly 80 corpses were recovered following the rupture. Survivors crying and beating their heads and faces over loved ones were a common sight on Iranian state television. The cost of the damage was estimated at RIs 302 billion.2002-07-25 Iran – Earthquake OCHA Situation Report No. 6 – Iran (Islamic Republic of) https://reliefweb.int/report/iran-islamic-republic/iran-earthquake-ocha-situation-report-no-6 2024-06-22 United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs ReliefWeb The quake was felt across a wide area, including the provinces of Qazvin, Gilan, Kurdistan, Zanjan, and Hamedan. Of all these, Qazvin was the most heavily damaged, with an unnamed Qazvin official reporting that 177 had died in the province. It was also felt in the capital of Tehran, roughly 290 km mi 0 east of the epicenter, although no serious damage was reported. However, Iranian journalist Borzou Daragahi reported that in Tehran he saw buildings sway and glass objects shatter. Landslides The Bou'in-Zahra earthquake triggered 59 landslides over an area of about 3600 km2 sqmi 0. Landslides formed due to the quake included 47 falls and topples, nine slides, and three lateral spreads. The largest of these slides was a rockslide, 150 × 100 m (490 × 330 ft), which occurred southeast of Changureh. Landslides triggered by the quake occurred more often in the geologic areas most susceptible to damage, where there were many landslides before.Mahdavifar Mohammad R. Solaymani, Shahryar Jafari, Mohammad K. 2006-02-20 Landslides triggered by the Avaj, Iran earthquake of June 22, 2002 Engineering Geology 10.1016/j.enggeo.2006.02.016 86 2–3 166 2006EngGe..86..166M Relief efforts and aftermath The Red Crescent Society sent relief workers, detection dogs, 100 tons of food, 1,000 tents, 2,500 blankets, and mobile kitchens to the earthquake-stricken area. In addition, the Iranian army supplied soldiers, machinery and water trucks. To prevent the spread of disease, villages were sprayed with disinfectants and their inhabitants were given tetanus shots, among other measures. After Iranian officials launched an appeal for assistance, the United Nations Development Programme supplied $50,000.UN assessment team in Iran quake regions says 2,000–4,000 injured http://img.static.reliefweb.int/report/iran-islamic-republic/un-assessment-team-iran-quake-regions-says-2000-4000-injured dead https://web.archive.org/web/20140225202437/http://img.static.reliefweb.int/report/iran-islamic-republic/un-assessment-team-iran-quake-regions-says-2000-4000-injured 2014-02-25 2014-02-20 ReliefWeb Agence France-Presse The United Nations' Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) mobilised a United Nations Disaster Assessment and Coordination (UNDAC) team, deploying five members.http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=28468&SelectRegion=Central_Asia&SelectCountry=IRAN Relief efforts continue after Saturday's quake 2002-06-24 The New Humanitarian https://web.archive.org/web/20020725192302/http://www.irinnews.org/report.asp?ReportID=28468&SelectRegion=Central_Asia&SelectCountry=IRAN 2002-07-25 2012-03-30 Pope John Paul II prayed for the earthquake victims and asked for a "generous" response. United States President George W. Bush offered aid to Iran, which he had previously called part of an "axis of evil". According to him, "human suffering knows no political boundaries" and he stood "ready to assist the people of Iran as needed and as desired". However, the Iranian government refused his help, though it called for the help of non-governmental agencies. According to Hossein Rahnema, head of the Red Crescent in Changureh, the society "levelled an area to put up tents but most people wanted to stay next to their houses to look after their property". Survivors instead lit small fires amongst the rubble to protect against freezing temperatures. The Iranian President at the time, Mohammad Khatami, declared three days of mourning and visited earthquake-stricken areas on 25 June.Iranians angry at 'slow' quake help BBC News 2002-06-23 https://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/2060817.stm 2008-08-21 Hospitals struggled to cope with the surplus of patients, discharging non-critical ones from their wards.https://www.theguardian.com/world/2002/jun/23/iran.ameliahill Iranian villages razed as quake kills 400 Hill Amelia 2002-06-23 The Observer 2008-08-24 The Associated Press stated that twenty funerals were held on 23 June 2002, at a cemetery overlooking the village of Abdareh. A bank account was started to handle public donations for the families of the dead. Often armed with no more than shovels and spades, soldiers and civilians dug for bodies in the rubble. Other than this, rescue workers were faced with a number of obstacles, including the temperatures of the villages damaged. They were warm during the day, although the villages grew colder at night, making rescue work harder and threatening the health of the homeless and anyone alive and trapped under the debris. Many civilians were discouraged from helping due to fear of aftershocks. According to Gary Oshea of International Rescue, the volunteers did not have enough technical equipment, and the religious leaders seemed unwilling to contribute much. Official rescue work ended on 24 June 2002, when rescue workers said there were no more survivors. Public reaction Of the roughly 80 villages that suffered heavy damage, the Iranian government claimed that relief work was mostly complete. Residents of Changureh, however, complained that tents, food, and medicine had not reached them, after waiting in near-freezing temperatures. A man from Avaj stated that only locals helped uncover the body of his child.Parisa Hafesi Hundreds killed in Iran earthquake https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2002/jun/24/iran.naturaldisasters Reuters The Guardian 2002-06-24 2008-06-20 In protest at Iran's slow response to the tragedy, some 300 people blocked the main road through Avaj.http://tvnz.co.nz/view/page/425822/110607 Stones thrown at quake officials 2002-06-24 One News 2008-08-24 On 23 June, "dozens" of Avaj residents threw stones at Interior Minister Abdolvahed Mousavi-Lari's car in anger at the government's delay in providing relief. They also claimed that the death toll was higher than official reports said it was. Reconstruction Electricity was restored to affected areas by 25 June. On 9 November 2002, the World Bank granted $225 million towards the reconstruction and economic rehabilitation of the area devastated by the quake.World Bank grants 225 million dollars for Iran's quake-hit areas http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64BFNC?OpenDocument https://archive.today/20121212002136/http://www.reliefweb.int/rw/rwb.nsf/db900sid/ACOS-64BFNC?OpenDocument dead 2012-12-12 Xinhua News Agency 2002-11-09 2008-06-20 Reconstruction of housing and infrastructure by provincial authorities was interrupted for almost four months (November 2002 – February 2003) due to harsh weather conditions. By August 2003, reconstruction was completed in all villages affected by the earthquake. See also List of earthquakes in 2002 List of earthquakes in Iran Notes References Earthquakes and Coseismic Surface Faulting on the Iranian Plateau https://books.google.com/books?id=_ur1AgAAQBAJ M. Berberian Manuel Berberian 2014 Developments in Earth Surface Processes 1st Elsevier 978-0444632920 619 External links http://www.iiees.ac.ir/English/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=694%3Areport-of-surface-faulting-and-morphotectonics-of-avaj-region-earthquake-on-june-22-2002&catid=35%3Aearthquake-report&Itemid=71 Report of Surface Faulting and Morphotectonics of "Avaj Region" Earthquake on June 22, 2002 2008-07-17 Shahryar Solaymani KhalilAllah, Feghhi IIES dead https://web.archive.org/web/20131210190701/http://www.iiees.ac.ir/English/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=694%3Areport-of-surface-faulting-and-morphotectonics-of-avaj-region-earthquake-on-june-22-2002&catid=35%3Aearthquake-report&Itemid=71 10 December 2013 3187856 eq-2002-0378-irn Iran Bou'in-Zahra earthquake Category:Earthquakes in Iran Category:History of Qazvin province Category:June 2002 in Iran