1898 Philippine legislative election

none May 2020 1898 Philippine legislative election Philippines 1898 Philippines Aguinaldo flag (obverse).svg legislative no 1907 Philippine Assembly elections 1907 June 23 – September 10, 1898 200x200px Pedro Alejandro Paterno.jpg Pedro Paterno Ilocos Norte 68 (of the 136agoncillo193) seats to the Malolos Congress 68 None (This was the first Philippine legislative election) Pedro Paterno Congress President no The elections for the Malolos Congress, also known as the Revolutionary Congress, were held in the Philippines from June 23 to September 10, 1898. These were the first elections for a national legislature in the Philippines. The Spanish colonial government held elections in 1895 across the Philippines but for local municipal officers only. Many parts of the Visayas and Mindanao did not elect representatives and as a result their representatives were appointed later on. The first fully elected national legislative body occurred under American rule with the 1907 Philippine Assembly elections as the only elected house of the bicameral Philippine Legislature. Background History of the Philippines (1898–1946) Following the defeat of the Spanish at the Battle of Manila Bay during the Spanish–American War on May 1, 1898, by the American Navy, Philippine revolutionary forces under Emilio Aguinaldo declared the Philippines to be an independent nation on June 12, 1898. The Revolutionary Government of the Philippines held these elections following that declaration. After the Spanish sold the Philippines to the Americans in the Treaty of Paris of 1898, signed on December 10, 1898, the First Philippine Republic, which includes the Malolos Congress, fought the Philippine–American War against the American colonial forces, eventually losing the war. There would not be another attempt at national legislative election until the 1907 elections which established the Philippine Assembly. The Assembly, unlike the Malolos Congress, was fully elected but it was only one house of a bicameral legislature, the Philippine Legislature, the other house being the unelected Philippine Commission. Electoral system The manner of election of delegates was via a series of indirect elections. In districts where the delegates were not appointed by the government, the manner of election was as follows:Decree of June 18, 1898, establishing the Dictatorial Government https://officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1898/06jun/18980618-English-Aguinaldo-Establishing-Dictatorial-Government.pdf live 2021-06-11 https://web.archive.org/web/20210610222423/https://officialgazette.gov.ph/downloads/1898/06jun/18980618-English-Aguinaldo-Establishing-Dictatorial-Government.pdf June 10, 2021 A big assembly of select citizens in every town and shall elect by majority vote a mayor, and officials each for Police and Public Order, Justice and Civil Registry, and of Revenues and Property. The town mayor, the three officials, and heads of the barrios shall constitute the Popular Assembly. All town mayors in a province shall constitute the Provincial Assembly, and they shall elect by majority vote the Governor and three councilors. The Governor of the province, as the president, the mayor of the provincial capital, as the vice president, and the three councilors shall constitute the Provincial Council. The Provincial Council shall elect three representatives for Manila and Cavite, two representatives for other regular provinces, and one for other provinces and politico-military command posts. Results National The following is a list of congress officers elected. Position Name President Pedro A. Paterno Vice-president Benito Legarda Secretary Gregorio S. Araneta Pablo Ocampo Paterno defeated General Antonio Luna with a vote of 24–23; Legarda against Aguedo Velarde with 21–9; and Araneta and Ocampo won with 31 and 27 votes, respectively.The Rise and Fall of Antonio Luna (1970), pg. 450–452 Local The following is a list of congress members by province as of July 7, 1899.Kalaw Maximo M. http://quod.lib.umich.edu/cgi/t/text/text-idx?c=philamer;idno=AFJ2233.0001.001 The development of Philippine politics Oriental commercial 1927 121 March 22, 2008 (citing Volume II, Galley 2 of Major J. R. M. Taylor's translation and compilation of captured insurgent records Taylor 1907Taylor John R.M. John R. M. Taylor War Department, Bureau of Insular Affairs http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cdm4/item_viewer.php?CISOROOT=/p4013coll11&CISOPTR=374 Compilation of Philippine Insurgent Records http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=/p4013coll11&CISOPTR=374&filename=374.pdf I. Telegraphic Correspondence of Emilio Aguinaldo, July 15, 1898 to February 28, 1899, Annotated Combined Arms Research Library 1907 https://web.archive.org/web/20081003035754/http://cgsc.cdmhost.com/cgi-bin/showfile.exe?CISOROOT=%2Fp4013coll11&CISOPTR=374&filename=374.pdf March 10, 2008 October 3, 2008 Province Elected AppointedDelegates representing provinces not at the time in a position to elect their own representatives were appointed as needed by the Revolutionary Government. Manila 4 0 Ambos Camarines 4 0 Batangas 4 0 Bulacan 4 0 Cavite 4 0 Ilocos Norte 6 0 Ilocos Sur 3 1 Laguna 4 0 Pampanga 4 0 Pangasinan 2 2 Iloilo 0 4 Cebu 0 4 Leyte 0 4 Albay 4 1 Cagayan 1 2 Bataan 3 0 Isabela 2 1 Union 1 2 Nueva Ecija 3 0 Tarlac 3 0 Zambales 2 1 Sorsogon 0 3 Negros Occidental 0 3 Negros Oriental 0 3 Samar 0 3 Capiz 0 3 Antigua 0 3 Bohol 0 3 Zamboanga 0 3 Misamis 0 3 Calamianes 0 3 Masbate 0 3 Mindoro 1 2 Morong 2 0 Lepanto 3 0 Batanes Islands 1 1 Nueva Vizcaya 1 1 Abra 1 0 Padre Burgos (Benguet) 1 2 Catanduanes 0 2 Paragua 0 2 Totals 68 68 136agoncillo193 In the book Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic by Teodoro Agoncillo, the Malolos Congress had 193 delegates (42 elected and 151 appointed).Agoncillo Teodoro A. https://books.google.com/books?id=LnxvAAAACAAJ Malolos: The Crisis of the Republic University of the Philippines Press 1897 978-971-542-096-9 224 and Appendix F (pp,658–663) See also Malolos Congress Commission on Elections Politics of the Philippines Philippine elections Notes References Further reading Philippine House of Representatives Congressional Library The Presidents of the Senate of the Republic of the Philippines 2000 Giraffe Books Quezon City 971-8832-24-6 Corazon L. Paras. Pobre Cesar P. Philippine Legislature 100 Years 2000 New Day Publ. Quezon City, Philippines 971-92245-0-9 External links http://www.senate.gov.ph/about/history.asp History of the Senate April 1, 2007 Senate of the Philippines http://www.lawphil.net The LAWPHiL Project - Philippine Laws and Jurispudance Databank September 16, 2006 Arellano Law Foundation Official website of the Commission on Elections 1898 Category:1898 elections in the Philippines Category:June 1898 in Asia Category:July 1898 in Asia Category:August 1898 in Asia Category:September 1898 in Asia