1989 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus attack

1989 suicide attack on civilians by Palestinian Islamic Jihad yes September 2024 Tel Aviv–Jerusalem bus 405 suicide attack the Israeli–Palestinian conflict 405Memorial2016.JPG 250 Memorial site for the victims Israel jerusalem 31 48 02 35 05 40 center Location of the attack Near Kiryat Yearim, Israel הפיגוע בקו 405 he 31 48 03 N 35 05 40 E inline,title 1989 7 6 y UTC+2 16 civilians 27 civilians Abd al-Hadi Rafa Ghanim Abd al-Hadi Rafa Ghanim 1 On 6 July 1989, Abd al-Hadi Ghanim, a 25-year-old militant of the Palestinian Islamic Jihad, seized the steering wheel of a crowded Egged commuter bus line No. 405 en route from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem and ran it off a steep cliff into a ravine in the area of Qiryat Ye'arim.https://www.jpost.com/features/in-thespotlight/this-week-in-history-terror-attack-on-bus-405 This Week In History: Terror attack on Bus 405 Jerusalem Post July 2012 10 September 2024 7 April 2019 https://web.archive.org/web/20190407203411/https://www.jpost.com/Features/In-Thespotlight/This-Week-In-History-Terror-attack-on-Bus-405 live Sixteen civilians—including two Canadians and one American—died in the attack, and 27 were wounded.http://www.news1.co.il/Archive/001-D-206364-00.html?tag=09-17-36 he:פיגוע אוטובוס 405 [1989] גדות יפעת 6 July 2009 News1 he 6 July 2009 11 October 2017 https://web.archive.org/web/20171011185158/http://www.news1.co.il/Archive/001-D-206364-00.html?tag=09-17-36 live The incident took place during the First Intifada, and has been described as the first Palestinian suicide attack, despite the survival of the attacker.Dzikansky Mordecai https://books.google.com/books?id=iex_V2M2VB0C&dq=%22suicide+attack%22+bus+405&pg=PA31 Terrorist Suicide Bombings: Attack Interdiction, Mitigation, and Response Kleiman Gil Slater Robert 10 October 2011 CRC Press 978-1-4398-7131-7 enAsal Victor https://books.google.com/books?id=uyRXEAAAQBAJ&dq=%22suicide+attack%22+bus+405&pg=PA3 Insurgent Terrorism: Intergroup Relationships and the Killing of Civilians Phillips Brian J. Rethemeyer R. Karl 2022 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-760701-5 enAran Gideon https://books.google.com/books?id=x0DREAAAQBAJ&dq=%22suicide+attack%22+bus+405&pg=PA35 The Cult of Dismembered Limbs: Jewish Rites of Death at the Scene of Palestinian Suicide Terrorism 2023 Oxford University Press 978-0-19-768914-1 en It had also been described as a "commandeered crash" and an act with "definitional ambiguities", because the attack appeared to have been motivated by personal revenge.LeVine, V. T. 1995 The logomachy of terrorism: On the political uses and abuses of definition Terrorism and Political Violence 7 4 45–59 10.1080/09546559508427317 https://doi.org/10.1080/09546559508427317 subscription Despite this, the act was quickly labelled as terrorism by both sides in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict for political reasons. Attack On 6 July 1989, Egged commuter bus line No. 405 began its regular Highway 1 route from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem. When the bus passed Neve Ilan, one of the passengers, Abd al-Hadi Rafa Ghanim, attacked the driver, seized the steering wheel and pulled the bus over a steep precipice into a ravine in the area of Qiryat Ye'arim. The driver was unable to stabilize the bus; as a result the vehicle rolled down the depth of the ravine and caught fire. Some of the passengers were burned alive. Sixteen civilians were killed in the attack, including two Canadians and one American, and 27 were wounded. Students from the Telz-Stone yeshiva who heard the screaming rushed to the scene to administer first aid. One of them, Yehuda Meshi Zahav, went on to found ZAKA, a volunteer rescue service organization. Assailant The assailant, who survived the crash, received medical treatment for his injuries in an Israeli hospital. After the attack, it was revealed that the assailant was a 25-year-old Palestinian Islamic Jihad militant named Abd al-Hadi Rafa Ghanim who originated from the Nusseirat refugee camp in the Gaza Strip. Ghanim was convicted and given 16 life sentences for murder, hijacking and terrorism. On 18 October 2011, Ghanim was transferred from a prison in Israel to the Gaza Strip as part of the Gilad Shalit prisoner exchange between Israel and Hamas.https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4134795,00.html Names of prisoners in Shalit deal trickle through Arab media Levy Elior 13 October 2011 Yedioth Ahronoth 2018-07-04 en 5 July 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20180705003531/https://www.ynetnews.com/articles/0,7340,L-4134795,00.html live https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15346483 https://web.archive.org/web/20181105054545/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/world-middle-east-15346483 live 5 November 2018 As it happened: Mid-East prisoner exchange 18 October 2011 BBC News 2018-07-04 en-GB As it happened: Mid-East prisoner exchange https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-middle-east-15346483 BBC News 18 October 2011 en Reporters: Alix Kroeger and Alexandra Fouché video 28 November 2024 5 November 2018 https://web.archive.org/web/20181105054545/http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/mobile/world-middle-east-15346483 live (video no longer available) In popular culture Israeli singer Ruhama Raz recorded the song "As Rachel Waited" (he כחכות רחל), which she wrote in memory of her sister, Miriam Tzerafi, who was killed in the attack.http://laad.btl.gov.il/show_item.asp?itemId=38079&levelId=28553&itemType=10&template=3 Miriam Tzerafi 8 September 2011 he 3 April 2012 https://web.archive.org/web/20120403235503/http://laad.btl.gov.il/show_item.asp?itemId=38079&levelId=28553&itemType=10&template=3 dead See also Coastal Road massacre List of Palestinian suicide attacks References External links An eyewitness account of the driver who survived the attack he MEMRI account of Palestinian media glorifying the terrorist Newspaper article reporting the attack Category:Anti-Israeli sentiment in Palestine Category:Palestinian Islamic Jihad attacks Category:Terrorist incidents in Asia in 1989 Category:1989 road incidents Category:Attacks on buses by Palestinian militant groups Category:1989 mass murders Category:Islamic terrorist incidents in the 1980s Category:1989 murders in Israel Category:Terrorist incidents in Israel in the 1980s Category:Terrorist incidents in Jerusalem in the 1980s Category:1980s in Tel Aviv Tel Aviv Category:20th-century mass murders in Israel Category:20th-century mass murders in Jerusalem Category:Bus incidents in Israel Category:First Intifada Category:Suicide attacks