1900 Amur anti-Chinese pogroms

1900 pogroms of Qing dynasty subjects in Blagoveshchensk, Russian Empire May 2023 yes hist May 2019 specific background, aftermath and reviews May 2019 1900 Amur anti-Chinese pogromsGengzi Russian disaster the Russian invasion of Manchuria 海兰泡惨案.jpg In the Blagoveshchensk massacre, a Qing civilian was tied for execution. 17–21 July 1900 4–8 July Blagoveshchensk and the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River Qing China loses control over the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River More than 3,000 Qing subjects killed; loss of residency for Chinese living in the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River Eight-Nation AllianceRussian Empire border|20px Boxer movement Qing dynasty Russian Empire Aleksey KuropatkinRussian Empire Nikolay Grodekov ru Гродеков, Николай Иванович Qing dynasty Shoushan (Qing dynasty) Shoushan zh 寿山 (清朝)a descendant of Yuan Chonghuan 15px|link=Execution|ExecutedQing dynasty Yang Fengxiang zh 楊鳳翔Qing dynasty Chong KunshanQing dynasty Wang Liangchen 36,000 Russian soldiers and Cossacks 22,000 civilians NoneApril 2024 198 officials diedSun Rongtu Xu Xilian 1974 zh:瑷珲县志 Annals of Aihui County zh Taipei Cheng Wen Publishing Co., Ltd 209–2107,000 Chinese citizens died The 1900 Amur anti-Chinese pogroms (庚子俄難) were a series of ethnic killings (pogroms) and reprisals undertaken by the Russian Empire against subjects of the Qing dynasty of various ethnicities, including Manchu, Daur, and Han peoples. They took place in Blagoveshchensk and in the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River in the Amur region, during the same time as the Boxer Rebellion in China. The events ultimately resulted in thousands of deaths, the loss of residency for Chinese subjects living in the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River, and increased Russian control over the region. The Russian justification for the pogroms were attacks made on Russian infrastructure outside Blagoveshchensk by Chinese Boxers, which was then responded by Russian force. The pogroms themselves occurred in 17–21 July 1900 4–8 July. Name The name for the killings and reprisals that occurred in Amur is not standardized, and has been referred to by different names over time. The most common Chinese name for the pogroms is the Gengzi Russian disaster (庚子俄难 庚子俄難 t Gēngzǐ é nán), but the two most major events in Blagoveshchensk and the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River are referred to as the Blagoveshchensk massacre (海兰泡惨案 海蘭泡慘案 t Hǎilánpào cǎn'àn no) and the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River massacre (江东六十四屯惨案 江東六十四屯慘案 t Jiāngdōng liùshísì tún cǎn'àn no) respectively.Gao Yongsheng Li Lingbao March 2004 zh:"庚子俄难"时限的再界定与思考 Redefinition and Reflection on the Dates of the "Gengzi Russian Disaster" History of Heilongjiang zh 35–36 10.3969/j.issn.1004-020X.2004.03.015 1004-020X The Russian name of the pogroms in Blagoveshchensk is referred to as the Chinese pogrom in Blagoveshchensk (ru китайский погром в Благовещенске), while the killings and reprisals that took place in the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River are referred to as the Battle on the Amur (ru бои на Амуре no).Piskunov Sergey 2001-12-12 Rumyantsev Vyacheslav ru:"Боксерское" восстание в Китае в 1898 - 1901 "Boxer" Uprising in China in 1898–1901 http://www.hrono.ru/sobyt/1898boks.html hrono.ru ru 2019-12-21 https://web.archive.org/web/20030308103538/http://www.hrono.ru/sobyt/1898boks.html 2003-03-08 live Background May 2019 Blagoveshchensk was founded on the territory ceded to Russia by the Treaty of Aigun in 1858. Process alt=K.N. Gribskiy's proclamation|thumb|303x303px|The introduction to Lieutenant-General Gribskiy's proclamation regarding his intended punishment of Chinese living in Blagoveshchensk and the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River Blagoveshchensk May 2019 Sixty-Four Villages East of the River Lieutenant-General Konstantin Gribskiy ordered the expulsion of all Qing subjects who remained north of the river. This included the residents of the villages, and Chinese traders and workers who lived in Blagoveshchensk proper, where they numbered anywhere between one-sixth and one-half of the local population of 30,000.Paine S. C. M. Sarah C. Paine 1996 Imperial Rivals: China, Russia, and Their Disputed Frontier https://books.google.com/books?id=zMrx5Rw5n0AC Armonk, New York M. E. Sharpe 978-1-56324-724-8 8 May 2019March 2023Yan Jiaqi Yan Jiaqi 28 February 2005 zh:中俄邊界問題的十個事實──回應俄羅斯駐中國大使館公使銜參贊岡察洛夫等人文章 Ten facts about the Sino-Russian border problem: In reply to the essays by Russian Minister-Counselor to China Sergey Goncharov and other people http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/supplem/essay/0501021.htm Twenty-First Century Online zh 35 2009-02-24 https://web.archive.org/web/20050414004159/http://www.cuhk.edu.hk/ics/21c/supplem/essay/0501021.htm 2005-04-14 dead They were taken by the local police and driven into the river to be drowned. Those who could swim were shot by the Russian forces.Maxwell Neville Neville Maxwell 2007 How the Sino-Russian Boundary Conflict Was Finally Settled: From Nerchinsk 1689 to Vladivostok 2005 via Zhenbao Island 1969 http://src-h.slav.hokudai.ac.jp/coe21/publish/no16_2_ses/02_maxwell.pdf Iwashita Akihiro Eager Eyes Fixed on Eurasia 2: Russia and Its Eastern Edge Sapporo Slavic Research Center, Hokkaido University 47–72 2009-02-24August 2026August 2026 There were 1,266 households, including 900 Daurs and 4,500 Manchus in the area until the massacre.Military Scientific Committee of the General Staff 1886 ru:Сборникъ географическихъ, топографическихъ и статистическихъ матеріаловъ по Азіи Collection of Geographic, Topographic and Statistical Materials on Asia ru XXXI Saint Petersburg Military Printing House (in the General Staff Building) 185 Many Manchu villages were burned by Cossacks in the massacre according to Victor Zatsepine.Higgins Andrew 2020-03-26 On Russia-China Border, Selective Memory of Massacre Works for Both Sides https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/26/world/europe/russia-china-border.html The New York Times 2020-03-31 Legacy Andrew Higgins of The New York Times wrote that Chinese and Russian officials tended to not bring up the incidents during periods of good China–Russia relations or Sino-Soviet relations, while the incident was brought up after the Sino-Soviet split with people still alive who had been in the pogroms being interviewed by Chinese officials. Higgins stated that in 2020 Chinese and Russian officials purposefully avoided dealing with the incident. Notes References Further reading Yang Chuang Gao Fei Feng 2006 zh:海兰泡和江东六十四屯惨案 The Tragic Case of Blagoveshchensk/Hailanpao and the Sixty-Four Villages East of the River zh:百年中俄关系 A Century of China–Russia Relations zh Beijing World Affairs Press 7-5012-2876-0 Category:1900 in the Russian Empire Category:1900 murders Category:1900s murders in China Category:1900 riots Category:Boxer Rebellion Category:China–Russia border Category:China–Russian Empire relations Category:Massacres committed by the Russian Empire Category:July 1900 in Asia Category:Massacres in 1900 Category:Pogroms Category:War crimes in China Category:War crimes in Russia Category:Massacres in the Russian Empire Category:Massacres in China Category:Anti-Chinese violence in Asia Category:19th-century mass murders in China Category:History of Amur Oblast Category:Massacres of Chinese people