1922 Irish general election

none May 2021 July 2026 1922 Irish general election Southern Ireland parliamentary no 1921 Northern Ireland and Southern Ireland general elections 1921 Members of the 2nd Dáil 1923 Irish general election 1923 All 128 seats in Dáil Éireann 65The 36 Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin TDs did not take their seats, so the effective number of seats in the Dáil was 92, making a majority 47 seats. 16 June 1922 Members of the 3rd Dáil 62.5% Michael Collins 1921.jpg 200 120 160 0 20 Michael Collins 1922 Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Cork Mid, North, South, South East and West 58 239,195 38.5% Éamon de Valera.jpg 140 120 160 0 10 Éamon de Valera 1917 Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Clare 36 135,310 21.8% Tomjohnson (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Thomas Johnson 1914 Labour Party (Ireland) Dublin County 17 132,565 21.3% Denis Gorey, 1931.jpg 140 120 160 0 10 Denis Gorey 1922 Farmers' Party (Ireland) Carlow–Kilkenny 7 48,718 7.8% 300px Election results and first-preference votes in each constituency 300px Number of seats gained by each party in each constituency Chairman of the ProvisionalGovernment Michael Collins Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Chairman of theProvisional Government after election Michael Collins Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) The 1922 Irish general election took place in Southern Ireland on Friday, 16 June. The election was separately called by a resolution of Dáil Éireann on 19 MayDeclaration of Election Dáil Debates S2 13 https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-05-19/4/ Houses of the Oireachtas 9 June 2021 19 May 1922 and by an order of the Provisional Government on 27 May.A Proclamation Declaring the Calling of a Parliament in Ireland, Michael Collins, Dermot O'Hegarty, 27 May 1922 The body elected was thus both the 3rd Dáil and provisional parliament replacing the parliament of Southern Ireland, under the provisions of the 1921 Anglo-Irish Treaty to elect a constituent assembly paving the way for the formal establishment of the Irish Free State. From 6 December 1922, it continued as the Dáil Éireann of the Irish Free State. The election was held under the electoral system of proportional representation by means of the single transferable vote.Dieter Nohlen Dieter Nohlen Philip Stöver 2010 Elections in Europe: A data handbook 990 Nomos 978-3-8329-5609-7 It was the first contested general election held in the jurisdiction using the STV system. The election was held in the 128 seats using the constituencies designated to the Southern Ireland House of Commons in the Government of Ireland Act 1920. Under this Act, constituencies ranged in size from 3 to 8 seats, the largest being the eight seat Kerry–Limerick West and Cork Mid. Campaign In the 1921 elections, Sinn Féin had won all seats in uncontested elections, except for the four in the Dublin University constituency. On this occasion, however, most seats were contested. The treaty had divided the party between 65 pro-treaty candidates, 57 anti-treaty and 1 nominally on both sides. To minimise losses due to competition from other parties, Éamon de Valera and Michael Collins worked out a pact approved on 20 May 1922.https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-05-20/2/ NATIONAL COALITION PANEL JOINT STATEMENT 20 May 1922 They agreed that the pro-treaty and anti-treaty factions would fight the general election jointly and form a coalition government afterwards. The sitting member would not be opposed by the other faction. This pact prevented voters giving their opinions on the treaty itself, especially in uncontested seats. However, the draft Constitution of the Irish Free State was then published on 15 June, and so the anti-treaty Sinn Féin group's 36 seats out of 128 seemed to many to be a democratic endorsement of the pro-treaty Sinn Féin's arrangements.December 2009 OthersDecember 2009 argued that insufficient time was available to understand the draft constitution, but the main arguments and debates had already been made public during and after the Dáil Treaty Debates that had ended on 10 January 1922, nearly six months before. Winston Churchill, the Secretary of State for the Colonies, opposed the Pact as undemocratic, and made a long statement on 31 May.Hansard 31 May 1922 – Churchill's statement He was responsible at the time for steering the transitional arrangements between the Provisional Government and the government of the United Kingdom in the period between the ratification of the Treaty and the creation of the Irish Free State. Despite the Pact, the election results started the effective division of Sinn Féin into separate parties. The anti-Treaty TDs boycotted the new Dáil, even though they had requested, negotiated and approved the terms of the Pact. This boycott gave control of the Dáil to the pro-Treaty members of Sinn Féin, and so enabled W. T. Cosgrave to establish the Second Provisional Government. The First Executive Council of the Irish Free State was appointed on 6 December 1922 on the nomination of this Dáil. Result 3rd 16 June 1922 http://electionsireland.org/results/general/03dail.cfm 3rd Dáil 1922 General Election ElectionsIreland.org 2 January 2011http://www.ark.ac.uk/elections/gdala.htm Dáil elections since 1918 ARK Northern Ireland 2 January 2011Nohlen Stöver 2010 1009 center|360px Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Michael Collins 58 N/A 45.3 239,195 38.5 N/A Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Éamon de Valera 36 N/A 28.1 135,310 21.8 N/A Labour Party (Ireland) Thomas Johnson 17 New 13.3 132,565 21.3 New Farmers' Party (Ireland) Denis Gorey 7 New 5.5 48,718 7.8 New Business and Professional Group 1 New 0.8 14,542 2.3 New Ratepayers' Association 0 New 0 2,617 0.4 New Independent politician (Ireland) N/A 9 N/A 7.0 48,638 7.8 N/A 19,684 128 — 641,271 1,430,104 62.5% |} Many seats were won unopposed; 17 by Pro-Treaty Sinn Féin, 16 by Anti-Treaty Sinn Féin and 4 by independents. Voting summary First preference vote #ddd 600px 350px Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Sinn Féin 38.48 Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Sinn Féin 21.77 Labour Labour Party (Ireland) 21.33 Farmers' Farmers' Party (Ireland) 7.84 Businessman's Business and Professional Group 2.34 Ratepayers Association #777777 0.42 Independent Independent politician (Ireland) 7.82 Each party's seat share was within seven percent points of its vote share percentage. Seats summary Dáil seats #ddd 600px 350px Sinn Féin (Pro-Treaty) Sinn Féin 45.31 Sinn Féin (Anti-Treaty) Sinn Féin 28.13 Labour Labour Party (Ireland) 13.28 Farmers' Farmers' Party (Ireland) 5.47 Businessman's Business and Professional Group 0.78 Independent Independent politician (Ireland) 7.03 Analysis Out of a valid poll of 621,587 votes, the pro-Treaty faction of Sinn Féin won 239,195 votes and the anti-Treaty faction won 135,310 votes. The other parties and independents (see above) all supported the Treaty and secured a further 247,080 votes.Younger Calton Ireland's Civil War Muller London 1968 304 The vote was seen as significant in several ways: The pro-Treaty parties had secured support from over 72% of the electorate on the eve of the Irish Civil War. The non-Sinn Féin parties had support from over 40% of the electorate. Further, the anti-Treaty candidates had taken part in an election in line with Article 11 of the Treaty, even though they had argued that it was flawed, being partitionist. Their pro-Treaty opponents argued that this revealed that their anti-Treaty stance was opportunist, and not principled. Article 11 of the Treaty had limited such an election to the constituencies of the formative Free State, and specifically excluded constituencies in Northern Ireland, yet the anti-Treaty argument was that the Dáil represented the whole island of Ireland. Government formation Within 12 days, on 28 June 1922, as a result of the tensions between pro- and anti-Treatyites, the Irish Civil War broke out, when the Provisional Government's troops began a bombardment of the Anti-Treaty IRA's occupation of the Four Courts, Dublin. The Dáil had been due to convene on 1 July, but its opening was prorogued on 5 occasions, meeting on 9 September 1922.PROCLAMATIONS. - SUMMONING AND PROROGUING OF PARLIAMENT – Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil) https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-09-09/2/ Houses of the Oireachtas 19 March 2022 9 September 1922 Michael Collins and Arthur Griffith, leaders of two separate but co-operating administrations, had respectively been killed and had died in August. On 9 September 1922, W. T. Cosgrave, leader of the pro-Treaty Sinn Féin TDs, was elected as President of Dáil Éireann and formed the 5th Ministry of Dáil Éireann.PROCLAMATIONS. - SUMMONING AND PROROGUING OF PARLIAMENT – Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil) https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-09-09/2/ Houses of the Oireachtas 19 March 2022 9 September 1922 On 6 December 1922, on the establishment of the Irish Free State, Cosgrave was nominated by the Dáil to the position of President of the Executive Council, and was appointed by the Governor-General Tim Healy. He formed the 1st Executive Council of the Irish Free State.ELECTION OF PRESIDENT – Dáil Éireann (3rd Dáil) https://www.oireachtas.ie/en/debates/debate/dail/1922-12-06/5/ Houses of the Oireachtas 19 March 2022 6 December 1922 Change in membership As each constituency was a multi-seat contest, rows represent changes in the constituency as a whole, rather than between individual TDs. ConstituencyFormer TDPartyCauseNew TDPartyCarlow–KilkennyEdward AylwardSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedPatrick GaffneyLabour Party (Ireland)James LennonSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedDenis GoreyFarmers' Party (Ireland)CavanPaul GalliganSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)RetiredWalter L. ColeSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Cork BoroughDonal O'CallaghanSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedRobert DayLabour Party (Ireland)Cork East and North EastSéamus FitzgeraldSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedJohn DinneenFarmers' Party (Ireland)Thomas HunterSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedMichael HennessyBusiness and Professional GroupCork Mid, North, South, South East and WestSeán MacSwineySinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedMichael BradleyLabour Party (Ireland)Seán NolanSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedThomas NagleLabour Party (Ireland)Patrick O'KeeffeSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)DefeatedDaniel VaughanFarmers' Party (Ireland)Dublin CountySéamus DwyerSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)DefeatedDarrell FiggisIndependent politician (Ireland)Frank LawlessSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Died April 1922Thomas JohnsonLabour Party (Ireland)Margaret PearseSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedJohn RooneyFarmers' Party (Ireland)Dublin MidKathleen ClarkeSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedAlfie ByrneIndependent politician (Ireland)Philip ShanahanSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedLaurence O'NeillIndependent politician (Ireland)Dublin SouthConstance MarkieviczSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedMyles KeoghIndependent politician (Ireland)Cathal Ó MurchadhaSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedWilliam O'BrienLabour Party (Ireland)GalwayLiam MellowsSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedThomas J. O'ConnellLabour Party (Ireland)Kildare–WicklowErskine ChildersSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedHugh ColohanLabour Party (Ireland)Art O'ConnorSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedJames EverettLabour Party (Ireland)Domhnall Ua BuachallaSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedRichard WilsonFarmers' Party (Ireland)Leix–OffalyPatrick McCartanSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)DefeatedWilliam DavinLabour Party (Ireland)Longford–WestmeathJoseph McGuinnessSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Died May 1922Francis McGuinnessSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)Lorcan RobbinsSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)DefeatedJohn LyonsLabour Party (Ireland)Louth–MeathJustin McKennaSinn Féin (Pro-Treaty)DefeatedCathal O'ShannonLabour Party (Ireland)MonaghanSeán MacEnteeSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)RetiredPatrick MacCarvillSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)National UniversityAda EnglishSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedWilliam MagennisIndependent politician (Ireland)Tipperary Mid, North and SouthPatrick O'ByrneSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedDaniel MorrisseyLabour Party (Ireland)Waterford–Tipperary EastEamon DeeSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedJohn ButlerLabour Party (Ireland)Frank DrohanSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)Resigned Jan 1922Daniel ByrneFarmers' Party (Ireland)Nicholas PhelanSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedJohn ButlerLabour Party (Ireland)WexfordSeán EtchinghamSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedMichael DoyleFarmers' Party (Ireland)James RyanSinn Féin (Anti-Treaty)DefeatedDaniel O'CallaghanLabour Party (Ireland) Change in affiliation TD who contested 1922 election under a different affiliation to 1921. ConstituencyOutgoing TDParty in 1921Party in 1922WexfordRichard CorishSinn FéinLabour Party (Ireland) See also 1922 United Kingdom general election in Northern Ireland - the first elections to Westminster after the ratification of the Anglo-Irish Treaty that did not include the territory that would become the Irish Free State. References Notes 1922 Category:3rd Dáil Category:June 1922 in Europe General