1898–99 United States Senate elections

none March 2026 January 2025 1898–99 United States Senate elections United States 1898 legislative no 1896–97 United States Senate elections 1896 & 1897 1900–01 United States Senate elections 1900 & 1901 Class 1 1892–93 United States Senate elections 1892 & 1893 1904–05 United States Senate elections 1904 & 1905 30 of the 90 seats in the United States Senate (as well as special elections) 46 January 25, 1898 – April 19, 1899 Seats up Races won 160x180px Republican Party (US) William B. Allisonas Republican Conference Chair William B. Allison - Brady-Handy.jpg March 4, 1897 Iowa 43 51 8 11 17 Democratic Party (US) David Turpieas Democratic Caucus Chair(Lost re-election) David Turpie.jpg March 4, 1897 Indiana 35 27 8 15 6 Populist Party (US) 5 4 1 1 0 Silver Republican Party 4 2 2 2 0 Silver Party 2 2 1 1 Majority Party Republican Party (US) Republican Party (US) 380px 320px Results of the elections:#0671B0 Democratic gain #92C5DE Democratic hold#CA0120 Republican gain #F48882 Republican hold#6f7c91 Silver hold #000000 Legislature failed to elect The 1898–99 United States Senate elections were held on various dates in various states. As these U.S. Senate elections were prior to the ratification of the Seventeenth Amendment in 1913, senators were chosen by state legislatures. Senators were elected over a wide range of time throughout 1898 and 1899, and a seat may have been filled months late or remained vacant due to legislative deadlock.https://www.archives.gov/milestone-documents/17th-amendment 17th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution: Direct Election of U.S. Senators (1913) National Archives and Records Administration February 8, 2022 In these elections, terms were up for the senators in Class 1. Events of the election The Republican Party gained eight seats at the expense of the Democrats and several minor third parties. The Democrats saw strong gains in the concurrent 1898 House of Representatives elections. However, this group of Senators were last up for election in 1892, since which a major political realignment had occurred. Many state legislatures in the Northern United States that had been controlled by Democrats during the third party system had flipped in the Republican wave years of 1894 and 1896, resulting in the huge number of seats the party gained in 1898. The Democrats flipped a Silver Republican held seat in Montana while Republicans flipped a Populist held seat in Nebraska. In North Dakota, Wisconsin, Indiana, West Virginia, Maryland, New York, and New Jersey, Republicans flipped Democratic held seats. A large number of state legislatures failed to fill their Senators during this election cycle: in Utah, a Silver Republican failed to secure re-election; in Delaware and California, a Democrat did so; in Pennsylvania, a Republican seat was lost. In Nebraska and Florida, senators were elected shortly after the beginning of the 56th Congress on March 4. In Oregon, a special election was held to fill a vacant seat.These elections reflected the continuing national realignment sparked by the Panic of 1893, which shifted political power in many state legislatures toward the Republicans. The results also underscored the influence of emerging third parties, as Populist and Silver factions affected legislative outcomes in several western states. Results summary Senate party division, 56th Congress (1899–1901) Majority party: Republican (52) Minority party: Democratic (25) Other parties: Populist (4); Silver Republican (2); Silver (2) Vacant: 5 Total seats: 90 Change in composition Before the elections After the October 7, 1898 special election in Oregon. D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20Ran D21Ran D22Ran D23Ran D24Ran D25Ran P5Ran D34Retired D33Retired D32Retired D31Retired D30Ran D29Ran D28Ran D27Ran D26Ran P4 P3 P2 P1 S2 S1 SR1 SR2 SR3Ran SR4Ran Plurality ↓ SR5Ran R36Ran R37Ran R38Ran R39Ran R40Ran R41Ran R42Ran R43Ran R44Ran R35Ran R34Ran R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Result of the general elections D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20Re-elected D21Re-elected D22Re-elected D23Re-elected D24Hold D25Gainfrom SR R50Gainfrom D SR3Re-elected SR2 SR1 S1 S2 P1 P2 P3 P4 R49Gainfrom D R48Gainfrom D R47Gainfrom D R46Gainfrom D R45Gainfrom D R44Gainfrom D R43Hold V1D Loss V2D Loss V3D Loss Majority → R42Re-elected V6R Loss V5SR Loss V4P Loss R36Re-elected R37Re-elected R38Re-elected R39Re-elected R40Re-elected R41Re-elected R35Re-elected R34Re-elected R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Beginning of the next Congress D1 D2 D3 D4 D5 D15 D14 D13 D12 D11 D10 D9 D8 D7 D6 D16 D17 D18 D19 D20 D21 D22 D23 D24 D25 SR3 SR2 SR1 S1 S2 P1 P2 P3 P4 D26Appointed R50 R49 R48 R47 R46 R45 R44 V1 V2 V3 Majority → R43 V5 V4 R36 R37 R38 R39 R40 R41 R42 R35 R34 R33 R32 R31 R30 R29 R28 R27 R26 R16 R17 R18 R19 R20 R21 R22 R23 R24 R25 R15 R14 R13 R12 R11 R10 R9 R8 R7 R6 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 Key: D# Democratic P# Populist R# Republican S# Silver SR# Silver Republican V# Vacant Race summaries Elections during the 55th Congress In these elections, the winners were seated during 1898 or in 1899 before March 4; ordered by election date. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Ohio(Class 1) Mark Hanna Republican 1897 (Appointed) Interim appointee elected January 12, 1898.Winner also elected to the next term; see below. Republican Party (US) Mark Hanna (Republican) 73 Republican Party (US)Robert McKisson (Republican) 70 Democratic Party (US)John J. Lentz (Democratic) 1 Oregon(Class 3) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect.New senator elected October 7, 1898.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Joseph Simon (Republican) February 2020 Races leading to the 56th Congress In these regular elections, the winners were elected for the term beginning March 4, 1899; ordered by state. All of the elections involved the Class 1 seats. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history California Stephen M. White Democratic 1893 Incumbent retired.Legislature failed to elect.The New York Times January 17, 1899 WHITE'S SUCCESSOR NOT NAMED 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/17/118933214.html?zoom=16.5Democratic loss.Seat remained vacant until February 7, 1900. Republican Party (US)Ulysses S. Grant Jr. (Republican) Republican Party (US)Daniel M. Burns (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Stephen M. White (Democratic) Republican Party (US)Robert N. Bulla (Republican) Republican Party (US)W. H. L. Barnes (Republican) Connecticut Joseph R. Hawley Republican 188118871893 Incumbent re-elected January 17, 1899.The New York Times January 18, 1899 Hawley Elected in Connecticut 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/18/105967261.html?zoom=15.64 Republican Party (US) Joseph R. Hawley (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Daniel N. Morgan (Democratic) Delaware George Gray Democratic 1885 (special)18871893 Legislature failed to elect.The New York Times January 17, 1899 DEADLOCK IN DELAWARE 1, 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/17/118933213.html?zoom=16.5Democratic loss.Seat remained vacant until 1903. Democratic Party (US)George Gray (Democratic)February 2020 Florida Samuel Pasco Democratic 18871893 (failure to elect)1893 (appointed)1893 (special) Legislature failed to elect.The New York Times March 4, 1899 Senator Pasco's Credentials 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/03/04/100436825.html?zoom=16.62Democratic loss.Incumbent appointed to begin the term.Incumbent lost election to finish the term; see below. February 2020 Indiana David Turpie Democratic 1863 (special)1863 (retired)18871893 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 17, 1899.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Albert J. Beveridge (Republican) Democratic Party (US)David Turpie (Democratic) February 2020 Maine Eugene Hale Republican 188118871893 Incumbent re-elected. Journal of the Senate of the State of Maine, 69th Legislature Kennebec Journal Print Augusta 1899 https://lldc.mainelegislature.org/Open/Journals/Senate/SJ1899.pdf 93 Journal of the House of Representatives of the State of Maine, 69th Legislature Kennebec Journal Print Augusta 1899 https://lldc.mainelegislature.org/Open/Journals/House/HJ1899.pdf 91–93 First ballot (January 17, 1899) Republican Party (US) Eugene Hale (Republican) 84 H Maine House of Representatives; 27 S Maine Senate Democratic Party (US)Samuel Lowell Lord (Democratic) 15 H Maine House of Representatives; 0 S Maine Senate UnknownAbsent 51 H Maine House of Representatives; 4 S Maine Senate Maryland Arthur P. Gorman Democratic 188018861892 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 25, 1898.Public Opinion 137 https://books.google.com/books?id=QKNAAAAAMAAJ 1898Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Louis E. McComas (Republican) 63 Democratic Party (US)Arthur P. Gorman (Democratic) 47 Republican Party (US)[FNU] Shaw (Republican) 4 Massachusetts Henry Cabot Lodge Republican 1893 Incumbent re-elected in 1899. Republican Party (US) Henry Cabot Lodge (Republican) Democratic Party (US)[FNU] Bruce (Democratic) Social Democratic Party (US)P. Porter Winfield (Social Democratic)The New York Times January 18, 1899 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/18/105967263.html?zoom=15 Henry Cabot Lodge Re-elected Michigan Julius C. Burrows Republican 1895 (special) Incumbent re-elected in 1899. Republican Party (US) Julius C. Burrows (Republican) February 2020 Minnesota Cushman Davis Republican 18861892 Incumbent re-elected January 18, 1899.The Chicago Daily Tribune January 19, 1899 2 http://archives.chicagotribune.com/1899/01/19/page/2/article/senators-formally-elected SENATORS FORMALLY ELECTED Republican Party (US) Cushman Davis (Republican) February 2020 Mississippi Hernando Money Democratic 1897 (appointed) Interim appointee elected in 1899. Democratic Party (US) Hernando Money (Democratic) February 2020 Missouri Francis Cockrell Democratic 1874188118871893 Incumbent re-elected January 19, 1899.https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/18/105967269.html?zoom=15 Cockrell Re-elected in Missouri The New York Times January 18, 1899 2 Democratic Party (US) Francis Cockrell (Democratic) February 2020 Montana Lee Mantle SilverRepublican 1895 (special) Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected in 1899.Democratic gain. Democratic Party (US) William A. Clark (Democratic) February 2020 Nebraska William V. Allen Populist 1893 Legislature failed to elect.The New York Times No Election in Nebraska https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/03/04/100436833.html?zoom=16.62 2Populist loss.The seat was filled in March 1899; see below. Populist Party (US)William V. Allen (Populist) Nevada William M. Stewart SilverRepublican 18871893 Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1899.The New York Times January 25, 1899 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/25/117910771.html?zoom=15.65 Stewart Re-elected in Nevada Silver Republican Party William M. Stewart (Silver Republican) 24 Republican Party (US)Abner C. Cleveland (Republican) 6 Republican Party (US)W. W. Williams (Republican) 10 UnknownN. H. A. Mason (Unknown) 3 Republican Party (US)William Woodburn (Republican) 1 United States Senate Elections — 1899 244 1899 The Journal of the Assembly of the Nineteenth Session of the Legislature of the State of Nevada, 1899 https://asm.leg.state.nv.us/Journals/1899%2019th%20Session%20Journal%20of%20the%20Nevada%20State%20Assembly.pdf Carson City, Nevada State Printing Office 34 New Jersey James Smith Jr. Democratic 1893 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 24, 1899.The New York Times January 25, 1899 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/25/117910762.html?zoom=16.5 KEAN UNITED STATES SENATORRepublican gain. Republican Party (US) John Kean (Republican) 51 votes Democratic Party (US)James Smith Jr. (Democratic) 29 votes New York Edward Murphy Jr. Democratic 1893 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 17, 1899.Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Chauncey Depew (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Edward Murphy Jr. (Democratic) North Dakota William N. Roach Democratic 1893 Incumbent lost re-election.New senator elected January 20, 1899.The New York Times January 21, 1899 1 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/21/102081251.html?zoom=15.63 An Election in North DakotaRepublican gain. Republican Party (US) Porter J. McCumber (Republican) Democratic Party (US)William N. Roach (Democratic) February 2020 Ohio Mark Hanna Republican 1897 (appointed) Interim appointee elected January 12, 1898.Winner also elected to finish the term; see above. Republican Party (US) Mark Hanna (Republican) 73 votes Republican Party (US)Robert McKisson (Republican) 70 votes Democratic Party (US)John J. Lentz (Democratic) 1 vote Pennsylvania Matthew S. Quay Republican 18871893 Legislature failed to elect.Republican loss.Incumbent appointed to start the term, but Senate rejected credentials.Seat remained vacant until 1901. Republican Party (US)Matthew S. Quay (Republican) Rhode Island Nelson W. Aldrich Republican 1881 (special)18861892 Incumbent re-elected in 1898. Republican Party (US) Nelson W. Aldrich (Republican) February 2020 Tennessee William B. Bate Democratic 1887 1893 Incumbent re-elected in 1899. Democratic Party (US) William B. Bate (Democratic) February 2020 Texas Roger Q. Mills Democratic 1892 (special) 1893 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 24, 1899.The New York Times January 25, 1899 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/25/117910776.html?zoom=15.65 Culberson Elected in TexasDemocratic hold. Democratic Party (US) Charles Culberson (Democratic) Unopposed Utah Frank J. Cannon SilverRepublican 1896 Legislature failed to elect.https://news.google.com/newspapers?id=0wQ0AAAAIBAJ&pg=6336,1088274 Utah Fails to Elect Senator Boston Evening Transcript March 10, 1899 April 30, 2010Silver Republican loss.Seat remained vacant until 1901. Republican Party (US)Frank J. Cannon (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Alfred W. McCune (Democratic) Vermont Redfield Proctor Republican 1891 (appointed)1892 (special)1892 Incumbent re-elected October 19, 1898.The New York Times October 19, 1898 4 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/02/02/102497409.html?zoom=16.57 Senator Proctor Re-elected Republican Party (US) Redfield Proctor (Republican) Democratic Party (US)Thomas W. Moloney (Democratic) Virginia John W. Daniel Democratic 18871893 Incumbent re-elected in 1899. Democratic Party (US) John W. Daniel (Democratic) February 2020 Washington John L. Wilson Republican 1895 (special) Incumbent lost renomination.New senator elected February 1, 1899.The New York Times February 2, 1899 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/02/02/102497409.html?zoom=16.57 AN ELECTION IN WASHINGTONRepublican hold. Republican Party (US) Addison G. Foster (Republican) February 2020 West Virginia Charles J. Faulkner Democratic 18871893 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 25, 1899.The New York Times January 26, 1899 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/26/101112078.html?zoom=15.64 WEST VIRGINIA'S NEW SENATORRepublican gain. Republican Party (US) Nathan B. Scott (Republican) 48 Democratic Party (US)J. F. McGraw (Democratic) 46 Republican Party (US)Nathan Goff Jr. (Republican) 1 Wisconsin John L. Mitchell Democratic 1893 Incumbent retired.New senator elected January 31, 1899.The New York Times February 1, 1899 Quarles Elected in Wisconsin 8 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/02/01/117912042.html?zoom=17Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Joseph V. Quarles (Republican) 85.94% Democratic Party (US)Timothy E. Ryan (Democratic) 14.06% Wyoming Clarence D. Clark Republican 1895 (special) Incumbent re-elected January 24, 1899.The New York Times January 25, 1899 2 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/25/117910764.html?zoom=16.5 Clark Re-elected in Wyoming Republican Party (US) Clarence D. Clark (Republican) Democratic Party (US)John Eugene Osborne (Democratic) Elections during the 56th Congress In these elections, the winners were elected in 1899 after March 4, and seated in the 56th Congress. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Nebraska(Class 1) Vacant Legislature had failed to elect; see above.New senator elected late March 8, 1899.The New York Times Hayward Elected in Nebraska 2 March 9, 1899 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/03/09/105967719.html?zoom=17Republican gain. Republican Party (US) Monroe Hayward (Republican) 74 Populist Party (US)William V. Allen (Populist) 58 Florida(Class 1) Samuel Pasco Democratic 18871893 (failure to elect)1893 (appointed)1893 (special)1899 (failure to elect)1899 (appointed) Interim appointee lost election to finish the term.New senator elected April 19, 1899. Byrd 93Democratic hold. Democratic Party (US) James Taliaferro (Democratic) Democratic Party (US)Samuel Pasco (Democratic) In this election, the winner was seated in the 57th Congress, starting March 4, 1901. State Incumbent Results Candidates Senator Party Electoral history Virginia(Class 2) Thomas S. Martin Democratic 1893 (early) Incumbent re-elected early December 19, 1899 for the term beginning March 4, 1901. Senator Martin Is Re-elected The New York Times December 20, 1899 9 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/12/20/117936466.html?zoom=17 Democratic Party (US) Thomas S. Martin (Democratic) February 2020 Maryland List of United States senators from Maryland November 2022 1898 United States Senate election in Maryland 80 FFB6B6 93.02% Republican Party (United States) Louis E. McComas Louis e mccomas.jpg 1904 1904 United States Senate election in Maryland 1892 1892 United States Senate election in Maryland 80 members of the Maryland General Assembly Legislative 1898 presidential Louis E. McComas won election by an unknown margin of votes for the Class 1 seat.https://www.ourcampaigns.com/RaceDetail.html?RaceID=111389 Our Campaigns - MD US Senate Race - 00, 1898 2022-11-05 www.ourcampaigns.com Minnesota 1899 United States Senate election in Minnesota List of United States senators from Minnesota New York 1899 United States Senate election in New York List of United States senators from New York The election in New York was held January 17, 1899. Democrat Edward Murphy Jr. had been elected to this seat in 1893, and his term would expire on March 3, 1899. At the State election in November 1898, 27 Republicans and 23 Democrats were elected for a two-year term (1899–1900) in the State Senate; and 88 Republicans and 62 Democrats were elected for the session of 1899 to the Assembly. The 122nd New York State Legislature met from January 4 to April 28, 1899, at Albany, New York. The Republican caucus met on January 12. State Senator Hobart Krum presided. They nominated Chauncey M. Depew unanimously. Depew had been Secretary of State of New York from 1864 to 1865, and was the frontrunning candidate to succeed Thomas C. Platt at the U.S. Senate special election in 1881 when he withdrew after the 41st ballot. Parallel to his political career, he moved up the ladder in the Vanderbilt Railroad System, being President of the New York Central and Hudson River Railroad from 1885 to 1898, and holding positions in dozens of other railroad companies. The Democratic caucus met also on January 12. State Senator George W. Plunkitt presided. They re-nominated the incumbent U.S. Senator Edward Murphy Jr. unanimously. Chauncey M. Depew was the choice of both the Assembly and the State Senate, and was declared elected. +1899 United States Senator election result House Republican Democratic State Senate (50 members) Chauncey M. Depew 27 Edward Murphy Jr. 23 State Assembly (150 members) Chauncey M. Depew 84 Edward Murphy Jr. 60 Note: The votes were cast on January 17, but both Houses met in a joint session on January 18 to compare nominations, and declare the result. Ohio 1898 United States Senate election in Ohio List of United States senators from Ohio 1898 United States Senate special election in Ohio Oregon 1898 United States Senate election in Oregon List of United States senators from Oregon 1898 United States Senate special election in Oregon Oregon (special) 1898 United States Senate special election in Oregon List of United States senators from Oregon 1898 United States Senate election in Oregon Rhode Island 1898 United States Senate election in Rhode Island List of United States senators from Rhode Island South Carolina (special) 1898 United States Senate special election in South Carolina List of United States senators from South Carolina Utah List of United States senators from Utah In mid-August 1898, Alfred W. McCune decided to seek office as a Democrat for the United States Senate. Alexander 10 State legislators had already indicated they would not support the incumbent, Frank J. Cannon for reelection. Cannon, a Republican, had voted against the Dingley Act, which would have raised tariffs on sugar and helped the Utah sugar industry. Powell 70 The Dingley bill was strongly supported by the LDS Church hierarchy, who now opposed his reelection. Powell 70 Other factors were his support for Free Silver; rumors about immoral acts he may have committed while living in Washington, D.C.; and that the Utah legislature was controlled by Democrats. Powell 70 The McCunes were close friends with Heber J. Grant, seventh LDS Church president and an ordained LDS apostle. Wadley Although the LDS church had (just weeks before) made a decision to stay out of state politics, McCune asked Grant for the church's assistance in winning office. Alexander 10 Grant consulted with Joseph F. Smith (Apostle and sixth LDS president) and John Henry Smith (a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles and the First Presidency of the LDS Church), both of whom supported McCune's senatorial bid. Alexander 10 But McCune was not alone in seeking the office. Former Representative William H. King was also running (and backed by two Apostles), as was James Moyle (a prominent attorney and founder of the Utah Democratic Party who was backed by state legislators) and George Q. Cannon (an Apostle and member of the First Presidency). Alexander 10 At the time, members of the Senate were still elected by their respective state legislatures. Alexander 10 The Utah state legislature convened in January 1899. Whitney 1916 527 There were 13 Republicans and 50 Democrats in the state legislature. Smoot 860 From the beginning, McCune was considered the leading candidate. Whitney 1916 527 But the legislature quickly deadlocked over the election. One-hundred and twenty-one ballots were cast, and no winner emerged. Whitney 1916 527 McCune was one or two votes shy of winning on several ballots. Whitney 1916 527 on February 18, before the 122nd ballot, state representative Albert A. Law (a Republican from Cache County and a Cannon supporter) claimed McCune offered him $1,500 for his vote. Smoot 863 McCune strenuously denied the charge, and a seven-member legislative established to investigate the allegation. Whitney 1916 527 Smoot 863 The committee voted 7-to-2 to absolve McCune of the charge, and this outcome was announced to the legislature on March 6. Whitney 1916 527 Smoot 863 Balloting resumed, and on March 8, on the 149th ballot, McCune still lacked enough votes to win office (he had only 25 votes). Whitney 1916 527 Smoot 863 The legislature adjourned without having chosen a senator,https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/03/11/100437122.pdf Utah With One Senator The New York Times March 11, 1899 and McCune traveled in Europe for several weeks to regain his health (returning in June 1899). Whitney1904 508 Utah's U.S. Senate seat remained vacant until January 1901. Vermont 1898 United States Senate election in Vermont List of United States senators from Vermont See also thumb|Mark Hanna campaign button in Ohio|alt=A late 19th century celluloid political button in black and white; on the top "For U.S. Senator" and at bottom "M.A. Hanna", framing an image of the candidate 1898 United States elections 1898 United States House of Representatives elections 55th United States Congress 56th United States Congress Notes References Party Division in the Senate, 1789–Present, via Senate.gov Proceedings before the Committee on Privileges and Elections of the United States Senate in the Matter of the Protests Against the Right on Hon. Reed Smoot, a Senator from the State of Utah, to Hold his Seat. 1 1906 Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office https://books.google.com/books?id=ieo3AQAAIAAJ Smoot Mormonism in Transition Alexander Thomas G. Thomas G. Alexander Urbana, Illinois University of Illinois Press 1996 Alexander The Senate, 1789–1989: Historical Statistics, 1789–1992 Byrd Robert C. Robert Byrd Wendy Wolff volume 4 Bicentennial United States Senate Historical Office Washington, D.C. U.S. Government Printing Office October 1, 1993 9780160632563 Byrd https://books.google.com/books?id=PeHByMYxVm8C Jews in American Politics Maisel L. Sandy L. Sandy Maisel Forman Ira N. Ira Forman Lanham, Maryland Rowman & Littlefield 2001 Maisel Utah History Encyclopedia Powell Allan Kent Salt Lake City University of Utah Press 1995 Powell The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1899 The Tribune Association New York 1899 255–256 United States Senators https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015065248588;view=1up;seq=265 HathiTrust Digital Library United States Senate Elections — 1898 Rhoades Henry Eckford McPherson Edward Schem A. J. Ottarson F. J. Cleveland John F. Greeley Horace The Tribune Almanac and Political Register 1900 The Tribune Association New York 1900 240–247 United States Senators https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=hvd.32044014650485;view=1up;seq=252 HathiTrust Digital Library United States Senate Elections — 1899 Rhoades Henry Eckford McPherson Edward Schem A. J. Ottarson F. J. Cleveland John F. Greeley Horace A Unique 100-Year-Old Heirloom Wadley Carma Deseret News April 19, 2001 Wadley History of Utah https://books.google.com/books?id=C0cOAAAAIAAJ Whitney Orson F. IV Biographical George Q. Cannon & Sons., Co. October 1904 Popular History of Utah Deseret News https://archive.org/details/popularhistoryof00whitrich Whitney Orson F. The Deseret News 1916 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/13/117910377.pdf MR. DEPEW FOR SENATOR The New York Times January 13, 1899 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/13/117910371.pdf Senator Murphy Renominated The New York Times January 13, 1899 https://timesmachine.nytimes.com/timesmachine/1899/01/18/105967297.pdf ELECTION OF MR. DEPEW The New York Times January 18, 1899