(523692) 2014 EZ51

Rapidly rotating scattered-disc object July 2021 yes 523692 2014 EZ 51 possible dwarf planet 2014 EZ51 DECam 2017-03-13.png 2014 EZ 51 imaged by the Dark Energy Survey in March 2017 Pan-STARRS 1 Haleakala Obs. 18 April 2010 (523692) 2014 EZ 51 TNOSDOdistant Res 9:4 (barycentric)barycentric These orbital elements are expressed in terms of the Solar System Barycenter (SSB) as the frame of reference. Due to planetary perturbations, the Sun revolves around the SSB at non-negligible distances, so heliocentric-frame orbital elements and distances (such as those given in JPL's Small-Body Database) can vary on short timescales. 5 May 2025 (JD 2460800.5) 2 14.22 yr (5,193 d) 64.369 AU 40.663 AU 52.516 AU 0.2257 380.58 years d 267.37 deg 0.0026 ms / day 10.252° 27.503° 329.67° 0 575 km > (occultation) 626 km (calculated from assumed albedo) 6.0438664 20 kg (assumed) 3.200 0.002 h4 0.11 (assumed)0.03 < 3.86 3.85 523692 2014 EZ 51 is a large trans-Neptunian object in the scattered disc, approximately 600 km mi off 1 in diameter. It was discovered on 18 April 2010, by the Pan-STARRS 1 survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, United States. 2014 EZ 51 also has a very short rotation period of only 3.2 hours, making it shorter than that of the dwarf planet Haumea, which has a rotation period of about 3.92 hours. 2014 EZ 51 has not yet been imaged by high-resolution telescopes, so it has no known moons. The Hubble Space Telescope is planned to image 2014 EZ 51 in 2026, which should determine if it has significantly sized moons. Observational history September 2026 Discovery 2014 EZ 51 was discovered on 28 April 2014, by the DECam at Coquimbo Region, Chile. with precovery observations back to 18 April 2010 by the Pan-STARRS 1 survey at Haleakala Observatory, Hawaii, United States. Occultation An occultation by 2014 EZ 51 occurred in New Zealand on 25 February 2019. Numbering and naming This minor planet was numbered by the Minor Planet Center on 25 September 2018 (M.P.C. 111779). January 2026, it has not been named. Orbit and classification 2014 EZ 51 orbits the Sun at a distance of 40.7–64.4 AU once every 380.5 years (139,010 days; semi-major axis of 52.5 AU).barycentric Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.23 and an inclination of 10 deg with respect to the ecliptic.barycentric The body's observation arc begins with its official discovery observation at Haleakala in April 2010. 2014 EZ 51 is also in a 9:4 resonance with Neptune, where every 9 orbits Neptune does, 2014 EZ 51 does 4. Orbital stability In a 2021 study by Muñoz-Gutiérrez et al., they simulated the orbit of 34 dwarf planet candidates, over 1 billion years (1 Gyr). where 2014 EZ 51 was one of them. Over 1 billion years, its orbit is "Stable", and its diffusion time is 129.356 Gyr, making it "Very Stable". Physical characteristics Size and albedo thumb|A size and color comparison with 134340 Pluto and 2014 EZ 51 with multiple estimates as shown to the sides of the largest estimate. According to Michael Brown, he estimated that 2014 EZ 51 could measure 626 km mi off kilometers in diameter, using an assumed albedo of 0.11, but he does use an outdated absolute magnitude of 4.1, not the newer 3.86, nor 3.85. On 25 February 2019, a stellar occultation by 2014 EZ 51 was observed in New Zealand. From these observations, a lower limit of 575 km mi off was placed on its mean diameter, with another website yielding a equatorial diameter of at least 1260 km mi off based on the same occultation event. Assuming that the >1260 km occultation model is correct, then its geometric albedo must be less than 0.03. 2014 EZ 51’s mass is unmeasured, due to not having a known moon as of 2026. However, Muñoz-Gutiérrez et al. estimated that 2014 EZ 51 has a mass of 0.1012 -3 earth mass (6.0438664 20 kg) No known atmosphere According to the website that said its diameter is over 1260 km, they show they did not detect any atmosphere around 2014 EZ 51. Rotation In 2023, a study on photometric observations of trans-Neptunian objects by the Kepler space telescope found that 2014 EZ 51 rotates rapidly, and that it completes a rotation once every 3.200 0.002 hours on its axis while exhibiting a light curve amplitude of 0.145 0.026 magnitudes, which indicates its shape must be elongated.4, 10 Notes References 2020-06-14 last obs. JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 523692 (2014 EZ51) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/sbdb.cgi?sstr=2523692 Jet Propulsion Laboratory 10 July 2021 How many dwarf planets are there in the outer solar system? California Institute of Technology Brown Michael E. https://web.gps.caltech.edu/~mbrown/dps.html 23 February 2018 523692 (2014 EZ51) Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/db_search/show_object?object_id=523692 10 July 2021 MPC/MPO/MPS Archive Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/ECS/MPCArchive/MPCArchive_TBL.html 9 October 2018 List of Known Trans-Neptunian Objects Johnston's Archive 22 July 2017 https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnoslist.html 9 October 2018 List Of Centaurs and Scattered-Disk Objects Minor Planet Center https://www.minorplanetcenter.net/iau/lists/t_centaurs.html 9 October 2018 (523692) 2014 EZ51, 2019 February 25 occultation Loader B. Hanna W. https://www.occultations.org.nz/planet/2019/results/20190225_523692_2014EZ51_UCAC4_322-079801_Plot_Colour.png occultations.org.nz 25 February 2019 5 January 2020 etal Viktória Kecskeméthy Csaba Kiss Róbert Szakáts András Pál Gyula M. Szabó László Molnár Light Curves of Trans-Neptunian Objects from the K2 Mission of the Kepler Space Telescope The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series January 2023 264 1 20 18 free 10.3847/1538-4365/ac9c67 2210.06571 2023ApJS..264...18K 119343798 A Search For The Moons of Mid-Sized TNOs https://www.stsci.edu/hst-program-info/download/hst/pdf/18010/ Benjamin Proudfoot Mikulski Archive for Space Telescopes Space Telescope Science Institute August 2025 HST Proposal 18010 Cycle 33 2025-08-17 2014 EZ51 Occultation 2019-02-25 • SOSB SOSB / Lucky Star 2019-02-25 https://occultations.ct.utfpr.edu.br/events/611 2026-09-12 TNO/centaur diameters, albedos, and densities Johnston's Archive 2026-06-20 https://www.johnstonsarchive.net/astro/tnodiam.html Johnston's Archive 2026 2026-09-12 "TNOs are Cool": A survey of the trans-Neptunian region XII. Thermal light curves of Haumea, 2003 VS 2 and 2003 AZ 84 with Herschel/PACS P. Santos-Sanz E. Lellouch O. Groussin P. Lacerda T. G. Muller J. L. Ortiz C. Kiss E. Vilenius J. Stansberry R. Duffard S. Fornasier L. Jorda A. Thirouin 604 A95 19 Astronomy & Astrophysics 10.1051/0004-6361/201630354 free 1705.09117 2017A&A...604A..95S August 2017 119489622 JPL/HORIZONS 523692 (2014 EZ51) (Barycentric) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND=%27523692%27&TABLE_TYPE=%27ELEMENTS%27&START_TIME=%27JD2461000.5%27&STOP_TIME=%27JD2461001.5%27&STEP_SIZE=%271y%27&CENTER=%27@0%27&OUT_UNITS=%27AU-D%27 JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System Jet Propulsion Laboratory 2026-09-17 Solution using the Solar System Barycenter. Ephemeris Type: Elements and Center: @0) JPL/HORIZONS 523692 (2014 EZ51) (Heliocentric) https://ssd.jpl.nasa.gov/horizons_batch.cgi?batch=1&COMMAND='523692'&TABLE_TYPE='ELEMENTS'&START_TIME='JD2460800.5'&STOP_TIME='JD2461000.5'&STEP_SIZE='200d'&CENTER='500@10'&OUT_UNITS='AU-D' JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System Jet Propulsion Laboratory 2026-09-17 Solution using the Sun. Ephemeris Type: Elements and Center: @sun) Éphémérides - Formulaires SE-OP https://ssp.imcce.fr/forms/ssocard 2026-09-16 ssp.imcce.fr About CTIO CTIO http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/about-ctio-0 https://web.archive.org/web/20120418023853/http://www.ctio.noao.edu/noao/content/about-ctio-0 2012-04-18 2026-09-18 www.ctio.noao.edu en Marco A. Muñoz-Gutiérrez Antoni Peimbert Matthew J. Lehner Shiang-Yu Wang Long-term Dynamical Stability in the Outer Solar System. I. The Regular and Chaotic Evolution of the 34 Largest Trans-Neptunian Objects The Astronomical Journal October 2021 162 4 164 free 10.3847/1538-3881/ac1102 2107.00240 2021AJ....162..164M 235694711 External links Discovery Circumstances: Numbered Minor Planets (520001)-(525000) – Minor Planet Center 2014EZ51 523692 (523692) 2014 EZ 51 Category:Scattered disc and detached objects Category:Discoveries by Pan-STARRS Category:Possible dwarf planets Category:Objects observed by stellar occultation 20100418