1994 German federal election

none September 2022 Germany parliamentary 1990 German federal election 1990 yes 1994 10 16 1998 German federal election 1998 List of members of the 12th Bundestag List of members of the 13th Bundestag All 672 seats in the Bundestag 337 60,452,009 0.0% 47,737,999 (79.0%) 1.2 pp Helmut_Kohl_(1996)_cropped_(2).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Helmut Kohl CDU/CSU 43.8%, 319 seats 294 25 19,517,156 41.4% 2.4 pp Bundeswehr-Foto BVM012 Rudolf Scharping.jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Rudolf Scharping Social Democratic Party of Germany 33.5%, 239 seats 252 13 17,140,354 36.4% 2.9 pp Marianne Birthler 03 (cropped).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Ludger Volmer &Marianne Birthler Alliance 90/The Greens 5.1%, 8 seatsCombined results of Alliance 90/Green Citizens' Movements and the West German Green Party. 49 41 3,424,315 7.3% 2.2 pp German Foreign Minister Klaus Kinkel (3x4).jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Klaus Kinkel Free Democratic Party (Germany) 11.0%, 79 seats 47 32 3,258,407 6.9% 4.1 pp Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-0705-333, Dr. Lothar Bisky.jpg 120 120 160 0 0 Lothar Bisky Party of Democratic Socialism (Germany) 2.4%, 17 seats 30 13 2,066,176 4.4% 2.0 pp 1994 German federal election.svg 400px Results of the election. The main map shows constituency winners, and results for the proportional list seats are shown in the bottom left. Government Fourth Kohl cabinet CDU/CSU-FDP Government after election Fifth Kohl cabinet CDU/CSU-FDP A federal election was held in Germany on 16 October 1994 to elect the members of the 13th Bundestag. The CDU/CSU alliance led by Helmut Kohl remained the largest faction in parliament, with Kohl remaining Chancellor in a narrowly re-elected coalition with the Free Democratic Party (FDP). This elected Bundestag was the largest in history until 2017, numbering 672 members. Even though this election did not lead to a switch in government, it saw the election of many people to the Bundestag who would play an important role later. Future CDU leaders Friedrich Merz and Armin Laschet were first elected to the Bundestag in 1994, as were future cabinet ministers Norbert Röttgen and Peter Altmaier. This was the last election until 2009 that a centre-right government was elected. Issues and campaign The Social Democratic Party (SPD) let its members elect a candidate for chancellor against Helmut Kohl after SPD leader Björn Engholm and chancellor candidate-designate had to resign in 1993 amid scandal. Rudolf Scharping, Minister-President of Rhineland-Palatinate, beat Gerhard Schröder and Heidemarie Wieczorek-Zeul in the SPD's internal election. Scharping was only elected with 40 percent of the vote and relied on campaigning with other SPD leaders and rivals such as Oskar Lafontaine and Gerhard Schröder, both self-confident and outspoken, in a "troika". Tension between them greatly hurt his campaign.https://www.tagesspiegel.de/themen/bundestagswahl-historie/serie-bundestagswahlen-1994-das-versagen-der-spd/8589130.html Das Versagen der SPD Tagesspiegel 2 August 2013 22 February 2022 de In addition, Scharping was seen as a weak leader due to his lack of charisma and media skills, and therefore did not induce a lot of enthusiasm.Vor 20 Jahren: Rudolf Scharping im Wahlkampf https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hBiV-pwiqWA&feature=youtu.be de 22 February 2022 For the first time in their existence, Alliance 90/The Greens seemed to be willing to join a government in case a centre-left SPD–Greens coalition had a workable majority in the Bundestag. The election also saw a "red socks" campaign used by the centre-right, including the CDU/CSU and the Free Democratic Party (FDP), to scare off a possible red–red–green coalition (SPD–Party of Democratic Socialism (PDS)–Greens). Analysts have stated that such a strategy likely paid off, as it was seen as one of the decisive elements for the narrow victory of Kohl for the CDU/CSU–FDP. The campaign was criticized as an obvious attempt to discredit the whole political left; the PDS reinterpreted it for itself by printing red socks.Fürstenau Marcel 24 September 2021 German election: Could there soon be a left-wing government? Deutsche Welle https://www.dw.com/en/german-election-could-there-soon-be-a-left-wing-government/a-59073355 1 October 2021 Results Party-list Constituency File:Bundestag 1994.svg Social Democratic Party 17140354 149 17966813 103 252 +13 Christian Democratic Union 16089960 67 17473325 177 244 −24 Christian Social Union 3427196 6 3657627 44 50 −1 Alliance 90/The Greens 3424315 49 3037902 0 49 +41 Free Democratic Party 3258407 47 1558185 0 47 −32 Party of Democratic Socialism 2066176 26 1920420 4 30 +13 The Republicans 875239 0 787757 0 0 0 The Grays – Gray Panthers 238642 0 178450 0 0 0 Ecological Democratic Party 183715 0 200138 0 0 0 Natural Law Party 73193 0 59087 0 0 New Human Environment Animal Protection Party 71643 0 0 New Party of Bible-abiding Christians 65651 0 26864 0 0 New Statt Party 63354 0 7927 0 0 New Bavaria Party 42491 0 3324 0 0 0 Car-drivers' and Citizens' Interests Party 21533 0 1654 0 0 New Christian Centre 19887 0 3559 0 0 0 Party of the Willing to Work and Socially Vulnerable 15040 0 489 0 0 New Marxist–Leninist Party 10038 0 4932 0 0 0 Bürgerrechtsbewegung Solidarität 8103 0 8032 0 0 0 Christian League 5195 0 3788 0 0 0 #FF00FF Centre Party 3757 0 1489 0 0 0 Federation of Socialist Workers 1285 0 0 0 Free Citizens' Union 8193 0 0 New German Social Union 2395 0 0 0 German Communist Party 693 0 0 0 German People's Party 606 0 0 New Free Social Union 467 0 0 0 #15A1DD Communist Party of Germany 426 0 0 0 Independent Workers' Party 302 0 0 0 Liberal Democrats 221 0 0 New Federation for a Complete Germany 107 0 0 New #EDB800 Democrats 104 0 0 New Independents and voter groups 34080 0 0 0 632825 788643 +10 60452009 60452009 Bundeswahlleiter thumbnail|none|480px|Seat results – SPD in red, combined Greens in green, PDS in purple, FDP in yellow, CDU/CSU in black Results by state Second vote (Zweitstimme, or votes for party list) State results in % CDU/CSU SPD GRÜNE FDP PDS REP all others Baden-Württemberg 43.3 30.7 9.6 9.9 0.8 3.1 2.6 Bavaria 51.2 29.6 6.3 6.4 0.5 2.8 3.2 Berlin 31.4 34.0 10.2 5.2 14.8 1.9 2.5 Brandenburg 28.1 45.1 2.9 2.6 19.3 1.1 0.9 Bremen 30.2 45.5 11.1 7.2 2.7 1.7 1.6 Hamburg 34.9 39.7 12.6 7.2 2.2 1.7 1.7 Hesse 40.7 37.2 9.3 8.1 1.1 2.4 1.2 Mecklenburg-Vorpommern 38.5 28.8 3.6 3.4 23.6 1.2 0.9 Lower Saxony 41.3 40.6 7.1 7.7 1.0 1.2 1.1 North Rhine-Westphalia 38.0 43.1 7.4 7.6 1.0 1.3 1.6 Rhineland-Palatinate 43.8 39.4 6.2 6.9 0.6 1.9 1.2 Saarland 37.2 48.8 5.8 4.3 0.7 1.6 1.6 Saxony 48.0 24.3 4.8 3.8 16.7 1.4 1.0 Saxony-Anhalt 38.8 33.4 3.6 4.1 18.0 1.0 1.1 Schleswig-Holstein 41.5 39.6 8.3 7.4 1.1 1.0 1.1 Thuringia 41.0 30.2 4.9 4.1 17.2 1.4 1.2 Constituency seats StateTotalseatsSeats wonCDUSPDCSUPDSBaden-Württemberg3737Bavaria45144Berlin13634Brandenburg1212Bremen33Hamburg716Hesse22148Lower Saxony311714Mecklenburg-Vorpommern972North Rhine-Westphalia713140Rhineland-Palatinate16124Saarland55Saxony2121Saxony-Anhalt13103Schleswig-Holstein1192Thuringia1212Total328177103444 List seats StateTotalseatsSeats wonSPDCDUGrüneFDPPDSCSUBaden-Württemberg4225881Bavaria47286616Berlin146332Brandenburg11614Bremen321Hamburg7421Hesse27116541Lower Saxony361411551Mecklenburg-Vorpommern6213North Rhine-Westphalia77262711121Rhineland-Palatinate1710322Saarland44Saxony189216Saxony-Anhalt104114Schleswig-Holstein138122Thuringia126114Total344149674947266 Post-election The coalition between the CDU/CSU and the FDP was able to continue in power with Helmut Kohl as chancellor. The PDS won four constituency seats in its power base of the former East Berlin, qualifying it for proportional representation even though the party won 4.4 percent of the vote, just short of the 5% electoral threshold required for full parliamentary status. Under a longstanding electoral law intended to benefit regional parties, any party that wins at least three constituency seats is entitled to its share of proportionally-elected seats, regardless of vote share.https://books.google.com/books?id=-ACIDAAAQBAJ&q=PDS+1994+Germany+directly+elected&pg=PA27 The Left Party in Contemporary German Politics Dan Hough Michael Koß Jonathan Olsen Springer 2007 978-0230592148 This was the first time in the history of the Federal Republic that the FDP was not the third-largest party in the chamber. References lower-alpha Sources The Federal Returning Officer Psephos Category:Federal elections in Germany Federal election Category:Helmut Kohl Federal election